Hebrews 5:3
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
3 and so, for this reason, must make sin offerings for himself as well as for the people.(A)
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Hebrews 9:12
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
12 he entered once for all into the sanctuary, not with the blood of goats and calves but with his own blood, thus obtaining eternal redemption.(A)
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Hebrews 9:25-28
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25 Not that he might offer himself repeatedly, as the high priest enters each year into the sanctuary with blood that is not his own; 26 if that were so, he would have had to suffer repeatedly from the foundation of the world. But now once for all he has appeared at the end of the ages[a] to take away sin by his sacrifice.(A) 27 Just as it is appointed that human beings die once, and after this the judgment,(B) 28 so also Christ, offered once to take away the sins of many,[b] will appear a second time, not to take away sin but to bring salvation to those who eagerly await him.(C)
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- 9:26 At the end of the ages: the use of expressions such as this shows that the author of Hebrews, despite his interest in the Platonic concept of an eternal world above superior to temporal reality here below, nevertheless still clings to the Jewish Christian eschatology with its sequence of “the present age” and “the age to come.”
- 9:28 To take away the sins of many: the reference is to Is 53:12. Since the Greek verb anapherō can mean both “to take away” and “to bear,” the author no doubt intended to play upon both senses: Jesus took away sin by bearing it himself. See the similar wordplay in Jn 1:29. Many is used in the Semitic meaning of “all” in the inclusive sense, as in Mk 14:24. To those who eagerly await him: Jesus will appear a second time at the parousia, as the high priest reappeared on the Day of Atonement, emerging from the Holy of Holies, which he had entered to take away sin. This dramatic scene is described in Sir 50:5–11.
Hebrews 10:11-14
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
11 [a]Every priest stands daily at his ministry, offering frequently those same sacrifices that can never take away sins.(A) 12 But this one offered one sacrifice for sins, and took his seat forever at the right hand of God;(B) 13 [b]now he waits until his enemies are made his footstool. 14 For by one offering he has made perfect forever those who are being consecrated.(C)
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- 10:11–18 Whereas the levitical priesthood offered daily sacrifices that were ineffectual in remitting sin (Hb 10:11), Jesus offered a single sacrifice that won him a permanent place at God’s right hand. There he has only to await the final outcome of his work (Hb 10:12–13; cf. Ps 110:1). Thus he has brought into being in his own person the new covenant prophesied by Jeremiah (Jer 31:33–34) that has rendered meaningless all other offerings for sin (Hb 10:14–18).
- 10:13 Until his enemies are made his footstool: Ps 110:1 is again used; the reference here is to the period of time between the enthronement of Jesus and his second coming. The identity of the enemies is not specified; cf. 1 Cor 15:25–27.
Exodus 29:38-39
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
38 [a]Now, this is what you shall regularly offer on the altar: two yearling lambs(A) as the sacrifice established for each day; 39 one lamb in the morning and the other lamb at the evening twilight.
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Leviticus 16:6
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
6 Aaron shall offer the bull, his purification offering, to make atonement[a] for himself and for his household.
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- 16:6 Make atonement: the Hebrew verb kipper refers specifically to the removal of sin and impurity (cf. Ex 30:10; Lv 6:23; 8:15; 16:16, 18, 20, 27, 33; Ez 43:20, 26; 45:20), thus “to purge” in vv. 16, 18, 20, and 33, and more generally to the consequence of the sacrificial procedure, which is atonement (cf. Lv 17:11). “Atonement” is preeminently a function of the purification sacrifice, but other sacrifices, except apparently for the communion sacrifice, achieve this as well.
Leviticus 16:11
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
11 Thus shall Aaron offer his bull for the purification offering, to make atonement for himself and for his family. When he has slaughtered it,
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Leviticus 16:15-17
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15 Then he shall slaughter the goat of the people’s purification offering, and bringing its blood inside the veil, he shall do with it as he did with the bull’s blood, sprinkling it on the ark’s cover and in front of it. 16 Thus he shall purge the inner sanctuary[a] of all the Israelites’ impurities and trespasses, including all their sins. He shall do the same for the tent of meeting,(A) which is set up among them in the midst of their uncleanness. 17 No one else may be in the tent of meeting from the time he enters the inner sanctuary to make atonement until he departs. When he has made atonement for himself and his household, as well as for the whole Israelite assembly,
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- 16:16 Inner sanctuary: this refers to the most holy room (vv. 2, 11–15). Trespasses, including all their sins: the term for “trespasses” (Heb. pesha‘im), which has overtones of rebellion, and the phrase “all their sins” indicate that even sins committed intentionally are included (such as when the sinner “acts defiantly,” as in Nm 15:30–31). This complements the scheme found in Lv 4 (see note on 4:3): intentional sins pollute the sanctuary more and penetrate even further than inadvertent sins, namely to the most holy place. The same for the tent of meeting: this rite may be that found in 4:5–7, 16–18 where blood is sprinkled in the anterior room and blood is placed on the horns of the incense altar there. Cf. Ex 30:10.
Numbers 28:3-4
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
Each Morning and Evening. 3 (A)You will tell them therefore: This is the oblation which you will offer to the Lord: two unblemished yearling lambs each day as the regular burnt offering,[a] 4 offering one lamb in the morning and the other during the evening twilight,
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Isaiah 53:10
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
10 But it was the Lord’s will to crush him with pain.
By making his life as a reparation offering,[a]
he shall see his offspring, shall lengthen his days,
and the Lord’s will shall be accomplished through him.
Footnotes
- 53:10–11 Reparation offering: the Hebrew term ’asham is used of a particular kind of sacrifice, one that is intended as compensation for that which is due because of guilt. See Lv 5:14–26 and note. Justify: the verb means “to be acquitted,” “declared innocent,” but since the servant bears “their iniquity,” an effective rather than simply legal action is suggested.
Romans 6:10
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
10 As to his death, he died to sin once and for all; as to his life, he lives for God.(A)
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