Genesis 38
Amplified Bible, Classic Edition
38 At that time Judah withdrew from his brothers and went to [lodge with] a certain Adullamite named Hirah.
2 There Judah saw and met a daughter of Shuah, a Canaanite; he took her as wife and lived with her.
3 And she became pregnant and bore a son, and he called him Er.
4 And she conceived again and bore a son and named him Onan.
5 Again she conceived and bore a son and named him Shelah. [They were living] at Chezib when she bore him.
6 Now Judah took a wife for Er, his firstborn; her name was Tamar.
7 And Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the Lord, and the Lord slew him.
8 Then Judah told Onan, Marry your brother’s widow; live with her and raise offspring for your brother.
9 But Onan knew that the family would not be his, so when he cohabited with his brother’s widow, he prevented conception, lest he should raise up a child for his brother.
10 And the thing which he did displeased the Lord; therefore He slew him also.
11 Then Judah said to Tamar, his daughter-in-law, Remain a widow at your father’s house till Shelah my [youngest] son is grown; for he thought, Lest perhaps [if Shelah should marry her] he would die also, as his brothers did. So Tamar went and lived in her father’s house.
12 But later Judah’s wife, the daughter of Shuah, died; and when Judah was comforted, he went up to his sheepshearers at Timnath with his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
13 Then it was told Tamar, Listen, your father-in-law is going up to Timnath to shear his sheep.
14 So she put off her widow’s garments and covered herself with a veil, wrapped herself up [in disguise], and sat in the entrance of Enaim, which is by the road to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown and she was not given to him as his wife.
15 When Judah saw her, he thought she was a harlot or devoted prostitute [under a vow to her goddess], for she had covered her face [as such women did].
16 He turned to her by the road and said, Come, let me have intercourse with you; for he did not know that she was his daughter-in-law. And she said, What will you give me that you may have intercourse with me?
17 He answered, I will send you a kid from the flock. And she said, Will you give me a pledge (deposit) until you send it?
18 And he said, What pledge shall I give you? She said, Your signet [seal], your [signet] cord, and your staff that is in your hand. And he gave them to her and came in to her, and she became pregnant by him.
19 And she arose and went away and laid aside her veil and put on the garments of her widowhood.
20 And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman’s hand; but he was unable to find her.
21 He asked the men of that place, Where is the harlot or cult prostitute who was openly by the roadside? They said, There was no harlot or temple prostitute here.
22 So he returned to Judah and said, I cannot find her; and also the local men said, There was no harlot or temple prostitute around here.
23 And Judah said, Let her keep [the pledge articles] for herself, lest we be made ashamed. I sent this kid, but you have not found her.
24 But about three months later Judah was told, Tamar your daughter-in-law has played the harlot, and also she is with child by her lewdness. And Judah said, Bring her forth and let her be burned!
25 When she was brought forth, she [took the things he had given her in pledge and] sent [them] to her father-in-law, saying, I am with child by the man to whom these articles belong. Then she added, Make out clearly, I pray you, to whom these belong, the signet [seal], [signet] cord, and staff.
26 And Judah acknowledged them and said, She has been more righteous and just than I, because I did not give her to Shelah my son. And he did not cohabit with her again.
27 Now when the time came for her to be delivered, behold, there were twins in her womb.
28 And when she was in labor, one baby put out his hand; and the midwife took his hand and bound upon it a scarlet thread, saying, This baby was born first.
29 But he drew back his hand, and behold, his brother was born first. And she said, What a breaking forth you have made for yourself! Therefore his name was called Perez [breaking forth].(A)
30 And afterward his brother who had the scarlet thread on his hand was born and was named Zerah [scarlet].
Genesis 38
King James Version
38 And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.
2 And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her.
3 And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er.
4 And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan.
5 And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him.
6 And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.
7 And Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the Lord; and the Lord slew him.
8 And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother's wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother.
9 And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother.
10 And the thing which he did displeased the Lord: wherefore he slew him also.
11 Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father's house.
12 And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
13 And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep.
14 And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.
15 When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.
16 And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?
17 And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?
18 And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.
19 And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.
20 And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not.
21 Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place.
22 And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place.
23 And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.
24 And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.
25 When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff.
26 And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.
27 And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.
28 And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.
29 And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez.
30 And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.
1 Mose 38
Luther Bibel 1545
38 Es begab sich um dieselbe Zeit, daß Juda hinabzog von seinen Brüdern und tat sich zu einem Mann von Adullam, der hieß Hira.
2 Und Juda sah daselbst eines Kanaaniter-Mannes Tochter, der hieß Sua, und nahm sie. Und da er zu ihr einging,
3 ward sie schwanger und gebar einen Sohn, den hieß er Ger.
4 Und sie ward abermals schwanger und gebar einen Sohn, den hieß sie Onan.
5 Sie gebar abermals einen Sohn, den hieß sie Sela; und er war zu Chesib, da sie ihn gebar.
6 Und Juda gab seinem ersten Sohn, Ger, ein Weib, die hieß Thamar.
7 Aber Ger war böse vor dem HERRN; darum tötete ihn der HERR.
8 Da sprach Juda zu Onan: Gehe zu deines Bruders Weib und nimm sie zur Ehe, daß du deinem Bruder Samen erweckest.
9 Aber da Onan wußte, daß der Same nicht sein eigen sein sollte, wenn er einging zu seines Bruders Weib, ließ er's auf die Erde fallen und verderbte es, auf daß er seinem Bruder nicht Samen gäbe.
10 Da gefiel dem HERRN übel, was er tat, und er tötete ihn auch.
11 Da sprach Juda zu seiner Schwiegertochter Thamar: Bleibe eine Witwe in deines Vaters Hause, bis mein Sohn Sela groß wird. Denn er gedachte, vielleicht möchte er auch sterben wie seine Brüder. Also ging Thamar hin und blieb in ihres Vaters Hause.
12 Da nun viele Tage verlaufen waren, starb des Sua Tochter, Juda's Weib. Und nachdem Juda ausgetrauert hatte, ging er hinauf seine Schafe zu scheren, gen Thimnath mit seinem Freunde Hira von Adullam.
13 Da ward der Thamar angesagt: Siehe, dein Schwiegervater geht hinauf gen Thimnath, seine Schafe zu scheren.
14 Da legte sie die Witwenkleider von sich, die sie trug, deckte sich mit einem Mantel und verhüllte sich und setzte sich vor das Tor von Enaim an dem Wege gen Thimnath; denn sie sah, daß Sela war groß geworden, und sie ward ihm nicht zum Weibe gegeben.
15 Da sie nun Juda sah, meinte er, sie wäre eine Hure; denn sie hatte ihr Angesicht verdeckt.
16 Und er machte sich zu ihr am Wege und sprach: Laß mich doch zu dir kommen; denn er wußte nicht, daß es seine Schwiegertochter wäre. Sie antwortete: Was willst du mir geben, daß du zu mir kommst?
17 Er sprach: Ich will dir einen Ziegenbock von der Herde senden. Sie antwortete: So gib mir ein Pfand, bis daß du mir's sendest.
18 Er sprach: Was willst du für ein Pfand, das ich dir gebe? Sie antwortete: Deinen Ring und deine Schnur und deinen Stab, den du in den Händen hast. Da gab er's ihr und kam zu ihr; und sie ward von ihm schwanger.
19 Und sie machte sich auf und ging hin und zog ihre Witwenkleider wieder an.
20 Juda aber sandte den Ziegenbock durch seinen Freund Adullam, daß er das Pfand wieder holte von dem Weibe; und er fand sie nicht.
21 Da fragte er die Leute: Wo ist die Hure, die zu Enaim am Wege saß? Sie antworteten: Es ist keine Hure da gewesen.
22 Und er kam wieder zu Juda und sprach: Ich habe sie nicht gefunden; dazu sagen die Leute des Orts, es sei keine Hure da gewesen.
23 Juda sprach: Sie mag's behalten; sie kann uns doch nicht Schande nachsagen, denn ich habe den Bock gesandt, so hast du sie nicht gefunden.
24 Über drei Monate ward Juda angesagt: Deine Schwiegertochter Thamar hat gehurt; dazu siehe, ist sie von der Hurerei schwanger geworden. Juda spricht: Bringt sie hervor, daß sie verbrannt werde.
25 Und da man sie hervorbrachte, schickte sie zu ihrem Schwiegervater und sprach: Von dem Mann bin ich schwanger, des dies ist. Und sprach: Kennst du auch, wes dieser Ring und diese Schnur und dieser Stab ist?
26 Juda erkannte es und sprach: Sie ist gerechter als ich; denn ich habe sie nicht gegeben meinen Sohn Sela. Doch erkannte er sie fürder nicht mehr.
27 Und da sie gebären sollte, wurden Zwillinge in ihrem Leib gefunden.
28 Und als sie jetzt gebar, tat sich eine Hand heraus. Da nahm die Wehmutter einen roten Faden und band ihn darum und sprach: Der wird zuerst herauskommen.
29 Da aber der seine Hand wieder hineinzog, kam sein Bruder heraus; und sie sprach: Warum hast du um deinetwillen solchen Riß gerissen? Und man hieß ihn Perez.
30 Darnach kam sein Bruder heraus, der den roten Faden um seine Hand hatte. Und man hieß ihn Serah.
Genesis 38
New Catholic Bible
Chapter 38
The Sons of Judah.[a] 1 At that time Judah set out from his brothers and made camp with a man named Hirah, an Adullamite. 2 Here Judah saw the daughter of a Canaanite man named Shua, and he took her as a wife and slept with her. 3 She conceived and bore a son and named him Er. 4 She conceived another time and bore a son and named him Onan. 5 She bore still another son and named him Shelah. She was in Chezib when she gave birth to him.
6 Judah took a wife for his firstborn son Er, and her name was Tamar. 7 But Er, the firstborn of Judah, did things that were wicked in the sight of the Lord, and the Lord caused him to die.
8 Judah then said to Onan, “Marry the wife of your brother to fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law to her and to assure descendants for your brother.”[b] 9 But Onan knew that the child would not have been considered to be his own. Every time that he slept with the wife of his brother, he spilled his seed on the ground so that he would not have to give his brother a son.[c] 10 This greatly displeased the Lord, and the Lord caused him to die, too.
11 Thereupon Judah said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, “Return to the house of your father as a widow until my son Shelah will have grown up.” For he thought, “Let him not die like his brothers.” So Tamar went and returned to the house of her father.
12 Quite some time later the daughter of Shua, the wife of Judah, died. When Judah had finished his time of mourning, he went to Timnah to the sheep shearers. Hirah, the Adullamite, went with him.
13 Tamar was told, “Your father-in-law has gone to Timnah, to the sheep shearers of his flock.” 14 Tamar took off her clothes of mourning, put on a veil, and completely covered herself. Then she went and sat at the gate to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah. She realized that Shelah had already grown up, but she had not yet been given to him in marriage.[d]
15 [e]Judah saw her and thought that she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face. 16 He headed over to her and said, “Let me sleep with you.” He did not know that this was his daughter-in-law.
She said, “What will you give me to sleep with me?”
17 He said, “I will send a goat from the flock.”
She said, “Will you give me a pledge to hold until you will have sent it?”
18 “What pledge shall I give you?” he asked.
“Your signet ring, your cord, and the staff in your hand.”
He gave them to her and slept with her, and she conceived. 19 Then she got up and left. She took off her veil and put her clothes of mourning back on.
20 Judah sent his friend the Adullamite with the goat to claim the pledge from the woman, but he could not find her. 21 He asked the men of that place, “Where is the temple prostitute who was in Enaim alongside the road?”
They answered, “There has never been a temple prostitute there.”
22 So he returned to Judah and said, “I did not find her. Even the men of that place said, ‘There has never been a temple prostitute there.’ ”
23 Judah said, “Let her keep them. Otherwise we will become a laughingstock. After all, I sent her the goat, but you could not find her.”
24 About three months later, Judah was brought the following news: “Tamar, your daughter-in-law, played the harlot and she is also pregnant from her harlotry.” Judah said, “Let her be brought out and burned!”
25 She had already been brought out when she sent this message to her father-in-law: “The man to whom these objects belong is the father of the child.” She continued, “Do you know to whom this signet ring, cord, and staff belong?”
26 Judah recognized them and said, “She is innocent and I am guilty, for I did not give her my son Shelah.” And he did not sleep with her again.
27 When her time to give birth arrived, it was discovered that she had twins in her womb. 28 While she was giving birth, one of them put out his hand; so the midwife took a scarlet thread and tied it to the hand saying, “This one came out first.” 29 But, when he pulled his hand back, his brother came out. She said, “What a breach you have opened for yourself!” He was named Perez. 30 Then his brother, who had the scarlet thread tied around his hand, came out. He was named Zerah.
Footnotes
- Genesis 38:1 In contrast to the innocent Joseph, who is struck down by the evil deeds of others, stand the moral troubles of the House of Judah, which, in combination with the corruption and violence of the other brothers, make it resemble a flower that is beaten down by a storm. It is, however, to the credit of Judah, who had suggested the selling of Joseph (Gen 37:26-27), that he later redeems himself by offering himself as a slave in the place of Benjamin in order to spare his father suffering that might prove fatal.
The present story gives the juridical reason why Perez, an ancestor of David (Ru 4:18, 22), is regarded as Judah’s firstborn son; it is an application, although an abnormal one, of the law of the levirate, which is of very ancient origin; it was already followed by the Assyrians and Hittites and was later adopted by Israel (Deut 25:5-10). The detail about the birth of the twins (Gen 38:28-30) seems to point to a usurpation in favor of Perez. But above and beyond the juridical considerations, we have here the disconcerting choices of the Lord. When his time comes, Joseph will enjoy the rights of a firstborn in the inheritance of his father (Gen 48–49), but the Messiah will be the descendant of Judah and Tamar by way of Perez. God does not prefer the most worthy, and he uses sinners in weaving the web of salvation. - Genesis 38:8 This verse describes “the law of the levirate” (from the Latin, levir, meaning “brother-in-law), which was decreed in Deuteronomy (25:5-6) and constituted a legal obligation in Israel (see Mt 22:24).
- Genesis 38:9 The law of the levirate required that in marrying Tamar, widow of Er, Onan should provide the dead man with a posterity. His sin is twofold: against social justice and Tamar, by deliberately and unlawfully preventing primogeniture, and against marriage, by frustrating its purposes.
- Genesis 38:14 Tamar wants her right to children respected, no matter what the cost; Judah was preventing her from exercising this right (see v. 26).
- Genesis 38:15 We might question why Judah was so open about his relations with a prostitute yet ready to put his daughter-in-law to death for being one. The answer lies in the place of women in that time and place. The most important task of women was to bear children to perpetuate the family line. In order to ensure that the children really belonged to the husband, the bride was expected to be a virgin and to refrain from having relations with anyone but her husband. If a wife became an adulteress, she risked the penalty of death. There were, however, some women who did not belong to any man. They could be temple prostitutes supported by offerings or common harlots supported by the men who sought them out. The children of such women were nobody’s heirs, and the men who used their services did not adulterate anyone’s bloodlines. In opposition to such a secular outlook Scripture enhances the status of women (Gen 1:27f; 2:23) and strongly condemns prostitution (Lev 19:29).
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