Dinah and the Shechemites

34 Now Dinah,(A) the daughter Leah had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the women of the land. When Shechem(B) son of Hamor(C) the Hivite,(D) the ruler of that area, saw her, he took her and raped her.(E) His heart was drawn to Dinah(F) daughter of Jacob;(G) he loved(H) the young woman and spoke tenderly(I) to her. And Shechem said to his father Hamor, “Get me this girl as my wife.”(J)

When Jacob heard that his daughter Dinah had been defiled,(K) his sons were in the fields with his livestock; so he did nothing about it until they came home.

Then Shechem’s father Hamor went out to talk with Jacob.(L) Meanwhile, Jacob’s sons had come in from the fields as soon as they heard what had happened. They were shocked(M) and furious,(N) because Shechem had done an outrageous thing in[a] Israel(O) by sleeping with Jacob’s daughter—a thing that should not be done.(P)

But Hamor said to them, “My son Shechem has his heart set on your daughter. Please give her to him as his wife.(Q) Intermarry with us; give us your daughters and take our daughters for yourselves.(R) 10 You can settle among us;(S) the land is open to you.(T) Live in it, trade[b] in it,(U) and acquire property in it.(V)

11 Then Shechem said to Dinah’s father and brothers, “Let me find favor in your eyes,(W) and I will give you whatever you ask. 12 Make the price for the bride(X) and the gift I am to bring as great as you like, and I’ll pay whatever you ask me. Only give me the young woman as my wife.”

13 Because their sister Dinah had been defiled,(Y) Jacob’s sons replied deceitfully(Z) as they spoke to Shechem and his father Hamor. 14 They said to them, “We can’t do such a thing; we can’t give our sister to a man who is not circumcised.(AA) That would be a disgrace to us. 15 We will enter into an agreement with you on one condition(AB) only: that you become like us by circumcising all your males.(AC) 16 Then we will give you our daughters and take your daughters for ourselves.(AD) We’ll settle among you and become one people with you.(AE) 17 But if you will not agree to be circumcised, we’ll take our sister and go.”

18 Their proposal seemed good to Hamor and his son Shechem. 19 The young man, who was the most honored(AF) of all his father’s family, lost no time in doing what they said, because he was delighted with Jacob’s daughter.(AG) 20 So Hamor and his son Shechem went to the gate of their city(AH) to speak to the men of their city. 21 “These men are friendly toward us,” they said. “Let them live in our land and trade in it;(AI) the land has plenty of room for them. We can marry their daughters and they can marry ours.(AJ) 22 But the men will agree to live with us as one people only on the condition that our males be circumcised,(AK) as they themselves are. 23 Won’t their livestock, their property and all their other animals become ours?(AL) So let us agree to their terms, and they will settle among us.(AM)

24 All the men who went out of the city gate(AN) agreed with Hamor and his son Shechem, and every male in the city was circumcised.

25 Three days later, while all of them were still in pain,(AO) two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon(AP) and Levi,(AQ) Dinah’s brothers, took their swords(AR) and attacked the unsuspecting city,(AS) killing every male.(AT) 26 They put Hamor and his son Shechem to the sword(AU) and took Dinah(AV) from Shechem’s house and left. 27 The sons of Jacob came upon the dead bodies and looted the city(AW) where[c] their sister had been defiled.(AX) 28 They seized their flocks and herds and donkeys(AY) and everything else of theirs in the city and out in the fields.(AZ) 29 They carried off all their wealth and all their women and children,(BA) taking as plunder(BB) everything in the houses.(BC)

30 Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought trouble(BD) on me by making me obnoxious(BE) to the Canaanites and Perizzites, the people living in this land.(BF) We are few in number,(BG) and if they join forces against me and attack me, I and my household will be destroyed.”

31 But they replied, “Should he have treated our sister like a prostitute?(BH)

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 34:7 Or against
  2. Genesis 34:10 Or move about freely; also in verse 21
  3. Genesis 34:27 Or because

Chapter 34

The Incident at Shechem.[a] Dinah, the daughter whom Leah had borne for Jacob, went out to see the young women of the country. When Shechem, the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land, saw her, he seized her and laid with her and defiled her. He was deeply attracted to Dinah, the daughter of Jacob. He loved the young woman and spoke comforting words to her. Then he said to Hamor, his father, “Arrange for me to take this woman as a wife.”

When Jacob learned that Dinah, his daughter, had been defiled, his sons were in the countryside with the animals. So he remained silent until they returned.

Hamor, the father of Shechem, came to Jacob to speak to him. When the sons of Jacob returned from the countryside, they heard what had happened. They were furious and very indignant because he had done this outrage in Israel, sleeping with a daughter of Jacob. One did not do these things!

Hamor said to them, “Shechem, my son, is in love with your daughter. Please give her to him in marriage. Why not intermarry with us?[b] You give us your daughters, and you can take our daughters for yourselves. 10 You can live with us, and the land will be at your disposal. Reside here, move about freely, and buy property.”

11 Shechem said to Dinah’s father and her brothers, “Tell me what I can give you in order to find favor in your sight. 12 You can even raise my bridal price greatly and the value of the due gifts. I will give you whatever you ask. Only give me the young woman as my wife.”

13 The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully, for they had dishonored their sister Dinah. 14 They told them, “We cannot do this; we cannot give our sister to a man who is not circumcised. This would dishonor us. 15 We will only grant your request if you become like us, if all of you circumcise your male members. 16 Then we will give you our daughters, and you can give us yours. We will live with you, and we can become a single people. 17 But if you will not listen to our proposal concerning circumcising yourselves, then we will take our daughter and go away.”

18 Their words pleased Hamor and Shechem, the son of Hamor. 19 The young man did not waste any time in doing this thing, for he loved the daughter of Jacob. He was also the most honored member of the household of his father. 20 Hamor and his son Shechem therefore went to the gate of the city and spoke to the men of the city, saying, 21 “These men are peaceful. Let them live with us in the land and move about freely. There is ample space in every direction. We can take their daughters for wives and we can give them ours. 22 But there is one condition before these men will agree to live with us to become a single people: that we circumcise each of our males as they themselves are circumcised. 23 Would not their herds, their riches, and all their animals then be ours? Let us agree to their proposal, and they will then live with us.”

24 All those who were near the gate of the city listened to Hamor and his son Shechem. All the men, everyone who had access to the gate of the city, had themselves circumcised.

25 On the third day, when they were still sore, two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi,[c] the brothers of Dinah, took swords, entered the city boldly, and killed all the men. 26 They put Hamor and his son Shechem to the sword, took Dinah out of the house of Shechem, and left. 27 The other sons of Jacob came upon the bodies and sacked the city because their sister had been dishonored. 28 They took their flocks and their herds, their donkeys and whatever they had in the city and in the countryside. 29 They carried off all their possessions as booty, sacking whatever was in their houses.

30 Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have placed me in a very difficult situation, making me hateful to the inhabitants of this land, to the Canaanites and the Perizzites, and I only have a few men with me. They will unite against me, and defeat me, and annihilate me and my household.”

31 But they answered, “Should our sister be treated as a harlot?”

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 34:1 The incident does serious harm to the clan, which may in its turn suffer a harsh vendetta or be expelled from the Promised Land. For this reason, Simeon and Levi will suffer the consequences when Jacob decides on his successors (Gen 49:5-7). The story combines the Yahwist and Elohist traditions.
  2. Genesis 34:9 Intermarry with us: the Canaanites wanted to absorb Israel (see v. 16) in order to benefit from the blessings Jacob had received from the Lord (both his offspring and his possessions—vv. 21-23). This was a danger Israel constantly faced from other peoples and nations—either absorption or hostility, both of which are perpetual threats to the people of God.
  3. Genesis 34:25 Simeon and Levi: because they slaughtered the men of Shechem, their own descendants would be scattered far and wide. Brothers of Dinah: all three were children of Leah (Gen 29:33-34; 30:21). Killed all the men: Shechem’s crime, serious as it was, hardly warranted such brutal and extensive retaliation (see vv. 27-29).

Le conflit pour un viol

34 Dina, la fille que Léa avait donnée à Jacob, sortit pour aller voir les filles du pays. Sichem, fils de Hamor le Hévien qui gouvernait la région, la remarqua : il l’enleva et coucha avec elle en lui faisant violence. Il s’attacha à Dina, la fille de Jacob, en tomba amoureux et toucha le cœur de la jeune fille par ses paroles. Il dit à son père Hamor : Obtiens-moi cette jeune fille pour femme.

Or Jacob avait appris que sa fille Dina avait été déshonorée. Mais comme ses fils étaient aux champs avec son bétail, il n’avait rien dit jusqu’à leur retour. Hamor, le père de Sichem, se rendit chez Jacob pour lui parler. Les fils de Jacob, à cette nouvelle, étaient revenus des champs. Ces hommes, outrés, étaient dans une grande colère parce que Sichem s’était rendu coupable d’une action infâme contre Israël en couchant avec la fille de Jacob, une chose inadmissible. Hamor leur parla ainsi : Sichem, mon fils, s’est épris de votre fille ; s’il vous plaît, donnez-la lui pour femme et alliez-vous par mariage avec nous. Vous nous donnerez vos filles et vous prendrez les nôtres. 10 Vous vous établirez chez nous ; le pays sera à votre disposition ; demeurez-y, vous y ferez vos affaires et vous y acquerrez des propriétés.

11 Sichem, de son côté, s’adressa au père et aux frères de la jeune fille : Faites-moi cette faveur ! Je vous donnerai ce que vous me demanderez. 12 Exigez de moi une forte dot et des présents. Je vous donnerai ce que vous me demanderez ; accordez-moi seulement la jeune fille pour épouse.

13 Parce qu’on avait déshonoré leur sœur Dina, les fils de Jacob usèrent de ruse en répondant à Sichem et à Hamor, son père, 14 en ces termes : Il ne nous est pas possible de donner notre sœur à un homme incirconcis ; ce serait un déshonneur pour nous. 15 Nous ne vous donnerons notre consentement qu’à la condition que, comme nous, vous fassiez circoncire tous ceux qui sont de sexe masculin parmi vous. 16 Alors nous vous donnerons nos filles en mariage et nous épouserons les vôtres, nous nous établirons chez vous et nous formerons un seul peuple. 17 Par contre, si vous n’acceptez pas de vous faire circoncire, nous reprendrons notre fille et nous nous en irons.

18 Hamor et son fils Sichem acceptèrent cette proposition, 19 et le jeune homme fit sans délai ce qu’on lui demandait, tant il était épris de la fille de Jacob. Or, il était le plus influent dans la famille de son père. 20 Il se rendit donc avec lui à la porte[a] de leur ville et ils parlèrent ainsi à leurs concitoyens : 21 Ces gens-là sont bien disposés envers nous ; qu’ils s’établissent dans le pays et qu’ils y fassent des affaires ; voici le pays est assez vaste pour eux dans toute son étendue. Nous épouserons leurs filles et nous leur donnerons les nôtres. 22 Seulement, ces hommes ne consentiront à habiter avec nous pour que nous formions ensemble un seul peuple que si tous les hommes parmi nous sont circoncis comme chez eux. 23 Ainsi, leurs troupeaux et leurs biens et toutes leurs bêtes de somme nous appartiendront. Consentons donc à ce qu’ils demandent et ils s’établiront chez nous.

24 Alors tous ceux qui se trouvaient à la porte de la ville se laissèrent convaincre par Hamor et son fils Sichem, et tous les hommes et les garçons qui se trouvaient dans la ville furent circoncis. 25 Le troisième jour, alors qu’ils étaient souffrants, deux des fils de Jacob, Siméon et Lévi, les frères de Dina[b], prirent chacun son épée, et tombèrent sur la ville qui se croyait en sécurité. Ils tuèrent tous les hommes et les garçons. 26 Ils tuèrent aussi Hamor et son fils Sichem, reprirent Dina de la maison de Sichem et partirent. 27 Les autres fils de Jacob vinrent achever les blessés et pillèrent la ville, parce qu’on avait déshonoré leur sœur. 28 Ils prirent le gros et le petit bétail ainsi que les ânes et tout ce qui était dans la ville et dans les champs. 29 Ils s’emparèrent de tous leurs biens, de leurs enfants et de leurs femmes et raflèrent tout ce qui était dans les maisons.

30 Jacob dit à Siméon et à Lévi : Vous me causez des ennuis car vous m’avez rendu odieux aux Cananéens et aux Phéréziens qui habitent le pays. Je ne dispose que d’un petit nombre d’hommes ; s’ils se liguent contre moi, ils me battront et extermineront toute ma famille avec moi[c]. 31 Ils lui répliquèrent : Pouvions-nous laisser traiter notre sœur comme une prostituée ?

Footnotes

  1. 34.20 Où se réunissent les notables de la ville et les juges.
  2. 34.25 Ces deux fils de Jacob étaient de la même mère que Dina (Léa : 29.33-34).
  3. 34.30 Voir 49.5-7.