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Genesis 10:21-32
Legacy Standard Bible

21 Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the [a]older brother of Japheth, children were born. 22 (A)The sons of Shem were (B)Elam and Asshur and (C)Arpachshad and (D)Lud and Aram. 23 The sons of Aram were (E)Uz and Hul and Gether and Mash. 24 Arpachshad [b]was the father of (F)Shelah; and Shelah [c]was the father of Eber. 25 (G)Now two sons were born to Eber; the name of the one was [d]Peleg, for in his days the earth was divided; and his brother’s name was Joktan. 26 And Joktan [e]was the father of Almodad and Sheleph and Hazarmaveth and Jerah 27 and Hadoram and Uzal and Diklah 28 and [f]Obal and Abimael and Sheba 29 and Ophir and Havilah and Jobab; all these were the sons of Joktan.

30 Now their [g]settlement [h]extended from Mesha as you go toward Sephar, the hill country of the east. 31 These are the sons of Shem, according to their families, according to their tongues, by their lands, according to their nations.

32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, according to their generations, by their nations; and (H)out of these the nations were separated on the earth after the flood.

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Footnotes

  1. Genesis 10:21 Or the brother of Japheth the elder
  2. Genesis 10:24 Lit begot
  3. Genesis 10:24 Lit begot
  4. Genesis 10:25 Lit division
  5. Genesis 10:26 Lit begot
  6. Genesis 10:28 In 1 Chr 1:22, Ebal
  7. Genesis 10:30 Lit dwelling
  8. Genesis 10:30 Lit was
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Genesis 10:21-32
New English Translation

21 And sons were also born[a] to Shem (the older brother of Japheth),[b] the father of all the sons of Eber.

22 The sons of Shem were Elam,[c] Asshur,[d] Arphaxad,[e] Lud,[f] and Aram.[g] 23 The sons of Aram were Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.[h] 24 Arphaxad was the father of[i] Shelah,[j] and Shelah was the father of Eber.[k] 25 Two sons were born to Eber: One was named Peleg because in his days the earth was divided,[l] and his brother’s name was Joktan. 26 Joktan was the father of[m] Almodad,[n] Sheleph,[o] Hazarmaveth,[p] Jerah,[q] 27 Hadoram, Uzal,[r] Diklah,[s] 28 Obal,[t] Abimael,[u] Sheba,[v] 29 Ophir,[w] Havilah,[x] and Jobab. All these were sons of Joktan. 30 Their dwelling place was from Mesha all the way to[y] Sephar in the eastern hills. 31 These are the sons of Shem according to their families, according to their languages, by their lands, and according to their nations.

32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, according to their genealogies, by their nations, and from these the nations spread[z] over the earth after the flood.

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Footnotes

  1. Genesis 10:21 tn Heb “And to Shem was born.”
  2. Genesis 10:21 tn Or “whose older brother was Japheth.” Some translations render Japheth as the older brother, understanding the adjective הַגָּדוֹל (haggadol, “older”) as modifying Japheth. However, in Hebrew when a masculine singular definite attributive adjective follows the sequence masculine singular construct noun plus proper name, the adjective invariably modifies the noun in construct, not the proper name. Such is the case here. See Deut 11:7; Judg 1:13; 2:7; 3:9; 9:5; 2 Kgs 15:35; 2 Chr 27:3; Neh 3:30; Jer 13:9; 36:10; Ezek 10:19; 11:1.
  3. Genesis 10:22 sn The Hebrew name Elam (עֵילָם, ʿelam) means “highland.” The Elamites were a non-Semitic people who lived east of Babylon.
  4. Genesis 10:22 sn Asshur is the name for the Assyrians. Asshur was the region in which Nimrod expanded his power (see v. 11, where the name is also mentioned). When names appear in both sections of a genealogical list, it probably means that there were both Hamites and Shemites living in that region in antiquity, especially if the name is a place name.
  5. Genesis 10:22 sn The descendants of Arphaxad may have lived northeast of Nineveh.
  6. Genesis 10:22 sn Lud may have been the ancestor of the Ludbu, who lived near the Tigris River.
  7. Genesis 10:22 sn Aram became the collective name of the northern tribes living in the steppes of Mesopotamia and speaking Aramaic dialects.
  8. Genesis 10:23 tc The MT reads “Mash”; the LXX and 1 Chr 1:17 read “Meshech.”sn Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash. Little is known about these descendants of Aram.
  9. Genesis 10:24 tn Heb “fathered.”
  10. Genesis 10:24 tc The MT reads “Arphaxad fathered Shelah”; the LXX reads “Arphaxad fathered Cainan, and Cainan fathered Sala [= Shelah].” The LXX reading also appears to lie behind Luke 3:35-36.
  11. Genesis 10:24 sn Genesis 11 traces the line of Shem through Eber (עֵבֶר, ʿever) to Abraham the “Hebrew” (עִבְרִי, ʿivri).
  12. Genesis 10:25 tn The expression “the earth was divided” may refer to dividing the land with canals, but more likely it anticipates the division of languages at Babel (Gen 11). The verb פָּלַג (palag, “separate, divide”) is used in Ps 55:9 for a division of languages.
  13. Genesis 10:26 tn Heb “fathered.”
  14. Genesis 10:26 sn The name Almodad combines the Arabic article al with modad (“friend”). Almodad was the ancestor of a South Arabian people.
  15. Genesis 10:26 sn The name Sheleph may be related to Shilph, a district of Yemen; Shalph is a Yemenite tribe.
  16. Genesis 10:26 sn The name Hazarmaveth should be equated with Hadramawt, located in Southern Arabia.
  17. Genesis 10:26 sn The name Jerah means “moon.”
  18. Genesis 10:27 sn Uzal was the name of the old capital of Yemen.
  19. Genesis 10:27 sn The name Diklah means “date-palm.”
  20. Genesis 10:28 sn Obal was a name used for several localities in Yemen.
  21. Genesis 10:28 sn The name Abimael is a genuine Sabean form which means “my father, truly, he is God.”
  22. Genesis 10:28 sn The descendants of Sheba lived in South Arabia, where the Joktanites were more powerful than the Hamites.
  23. Genesis 10:29 sn Ophir became the name of a territory in South Arabia. Many of the references to Ophir are connected with gold (e.g., 1 Kgs 9:28; 10:11; 22:48; 1 Chr 29:4; 2 Chr 8:18; 9:10; Job 22:24; 28:16; Ps 45:9; Isa 13:12).
  24. Genesis 10:29 sn Havilah is listed with Ham in v. 7.
  25. Genesis 10:30 tn Heb “as you go.”
  26. Genesis 10:32 tn Or “separated.”
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