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Le conflit pour un viol

34 Dina, la fille que Léa avait donnée à Jacob, sortit pour aller voir les filles du pays. Sichem, fils de Hamor le Hévien qui gouvernait la région, la remarqua : il l’enleva et coucha avec elle en lui faisant violence. Il s’attacha à Dina, la fille de Jacob, en tomba amoureux et toucha le cœur de la jeune fille par ses paroles. Il dit à son père Hamor : Obtiens-moi cette jeune fille pour femme.

Or Jacob avait appris que sa fille Dina avait été déshonorée. Mais comme ses fils étaient aux champs avec son bétail, il n’avait rien dit jusqu’à leur retour. Hamor, le père de Sichem, se rendit chez Jacob pour lui parler. Les fils de Jacob, à cette nouvelle, étaient revenus des champs. Ces hommes, outrés, étaient dans une grande colère parce que Sichem s’était rendu coupable d’une action infâme contre Israël en couchant avec la fille de Jacob, une chose inadmissible. Hamor leur parla ainsi : Sichem, mon fils, s’est épris de votre fille ; s’il vous plaît, donnez-la lui pour femme et alliez-vous par mariage avec nous. Vous nous donnerez vos filles et vous prendrez les nôtres. 10 Vous vous établirez chez nous ; le pays sera à votre disposition ; demeurez-y, vous y ferez vos affaires et vous y acquerrez des propriétés.

11 Sichem, de son côté, s’adressa au père et aux frères de la jeune fille : Faites-moi cette faveur ! Je vous donnerai ce que vous me demanderez. 12 Exigez de moi une forte dot et des présents. Je vous donnerai ce que vous me demanderez ; accordez-moi seulement la jeune fille pour épouse.

13 Parce qu’on avait déshonoré leur sœur Dina, les fils de Jacob usèrent de ruse en répondant à Sichem et à Hamor, son père, 14 en ces termes : Il ne nous est pas possible de donner notre sœur à un homme incirconcis ; ce serait un déshonneur pour nous. 15 Nous ne vous donnerons notre consentement qu’à la condition que, comme nous, vous fassiez circoncire tous ceux qui sont de sexe masculin parmi vous. 16 Alors nous vous donnerons nos filles en mariage et nous épouserons les vôtres, nous nous établirons chez vous et nous formerons un seul peuple. 17 Par contre, si vous n’acceptez pas de vous faire circoncire, nous reprendrons notre fille et nous nous en irons.

18 Hamor et son fils Sichem acceptèrent cette proposition, 19 et le jeune homme fit sans délai ce qu’on lui demandait, tant il était épris de la fille de Jacob. Or, il était le plus influent dans la famille de son père. 20 Il se rendit donc avec lui à la porte[a] de leur ville et ils parlèrent ainsi à leurs concitoyens : 21 Ces gens-là sont bien disposés envers nous ; qu’ils s’établissent dans le pays et qu’ils y fassent des affaires ; voici le pays est assez vaste pour eux dans toute son étendue. Nous épouserons leurs filles et nous leur donnerons les nôtres. 22 Seulement, ces hommes ne consentiront à habiter avec nous pour que nous formions ensemble un seul peuple que si tous les hommes parmi nous sont circoncis comme chez eux. 23 Ainsi, leurs troupeaux et leurs biens et toutes leurs bêtes de somme nous appartiendront. Consentons donc à ce qu’ils demandent et ils s’établiront chez nous.

24 Alors tous ceux qui se trouvaient à la porte de la ville se laissèrent convaincre par Hamor et son fils Sichem, et tous les hommes et les garçons qui se trouvaient dans la ville furent circoncis. 25 Le troisième jour, alors qu’ils étaient souffrants, deux des fils de Jacob, Siméon et Lévi, les frères de Dina[b], prirent chacun son épée, et tombèrent sur la ville qui se croyait en sécurité. Ils tuèrent tous les hommes et les garçons. 26 Ils tuèrent aussi Hamor et son fils Sichem, reprirent Dina de la maison de Sichem et partirent. 27 Les autres fils de Jacob vinrent achever les blessés et pillèrent la ville, parce qu’on avait déshonoré leur sœur. 28 Ils prirent le gros et le petit bétail ainsi que les ânes et tout ce qui était dans la ville et dans les champs. 29 Ils s’emparèrent de tous leurs biens, de leurs enfants et de leurs femmes et raflèrent tout ce qui était dans les maisons.

30 Jacob dit à Siméon et à Lévi : Vous me causez des ennuis car vous m’avez rendu odieux aux Cananéens et aux Phéréziens qui habitent le pays. Je ne dispose que d’un petit nombre d’hommes ; s’ils se liguent contre moi, ils me battront et extermineront toute ma famille avec moi[c]. 31 Ils lui répliquèrent : Pouvions-nous laisser traiter notre sœur comme une prostituée ?

Footnotes

  1. 34.20 Où se réunissent les notables de la ville et les juges.
  2. 34.25 Ces deux fils de Jacob étaient de la même mère que Dina (Léa : 29.33-34).
  3. 34.30 Voir 49.5-7.

Chapter 34

The Incident at Shechem.[a] Dinah, the daughter whom Leah had borne for Jacob, went out to see the young women of the country. When Shechem, the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land, saw her, he seized her and laid with her and defiled her. He was deeply attracted to Dinah, the daughter of Jacob. He loved the young woman and spoke comforting words to her. Then he said to Hamor, his father, “Arrange for me to take this woman as a wife.”

When Jacob learned that Dinah, his daughter, had been defiled, his sons were in the countryside with the animals. So he remained silent until they returned.

Hamor, the father of Shechem, came to Jacob to speak to him. When the sons of Jacob returned from the countryside, they heard what had happened. They were furious and very indignant because he had done this outrage in Israel, sleeping with a daughter of Jacob. One did not do these things!

Hamor said to them, “Shechem, my son, is in love with your daughter. Please give her to him in marriage. Why not intermarry with us?[b] You give us your daughters, and you can take our daughters for yourselves. 10 You can live with us, and the land will be at your disposal. Reside here, move about freely, and buy property.”

11 Shechem said to Dinah’s father and her brothers, “Tell me what I can give you in order to find favor in your sight. 12 You can even raise my bridal price greatly and the value of the due gifts. I will give you whatever you ask. Only give me the young woman as my wife.”

13 The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully, for they had dishonored their sister Dinah. 14 They told them, “We cannot do this; we cannot give our sister to a man who is not circumcised. This would dishonor us. 15 We will only grant your request if you become like us, if all of you circumcise your male members. 16 Then we will give you our daughters, and you can give us yours. We will live with you, and we can become a single people. 17 But if you will not listen to our proposal concerning circumcising yourselves, then we will take our daughter and go away.”

18 Their words pleased Hamor and Shechem, the son of Hamor. 19 The young man did not waste any time in doing this thing, for he loved the daughter of Jacob. He was also the most honored member of the household of his father. 20 Hamor and his son Shechem therefore went to the gate of the city and spoke to the men of the city, saying, 21 “These men are peaceful. Let them live with us in the land and move about freely. There is ample space in every direction. We can take their daughters for wives and we can give them ours. 22 But there is one condition before these men will agree to live with us to become a single people: that we circumcise each of our males as they themselves are circumcised. 23 Would not their herds, their riches, and all their animals then be ours? Let us agree to their proposal, and they will then live with us.”

24 All those who were near the gate of the city listened to Hamor and his son Shechem. All the men, everyone who had access to the gate of the city, had themselves circumcised.

25 On the third day, when they were still sore, two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi,[c] the brothers of Dinah, took swords, entered the city boldly, and killed all the men. 26 They put Hamor and his son Shechem to the sword, took Dinah out of the house of Shechem, and left. 27 The other sons of Jacob came upon the bodies and sacked the city because their sister had been dishonored. 28 They took their flocks and their herds, their donkeys and whatever they had in the city and in the countryside. 29 They carried off all their possessions as booty, sacking whatever was in their houses.

30 Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have placed me in a very difficult situation, making me hateful to the inhabitants of this land, to the Canaanites and the Perizzites, and I only have a few men with me. They will unite against me, and defeat me, and annihilate me and my household.”

31 But they answered, “Should our sister be treated as a harlot?”

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 34:1 The incident does serious harm to the clan, which may in its turn suffer a harsh vendetta or be expelled from the Promised Land. For this reason, Simeon and Levi will suffer the consequences when Jacob decides on his successors (Gen 49:5-7). The story combines the Yahwist and Elohist traditions.
  2. Genesis 34:9 Intermarry with us: the Canaanites wanted to absorb Israel (see v. 16) in order to benefit from the blessings Jacob had received from the Lord (both his offspring and his possessions—vv. 21-23). This was a danger Israel constantly faced from other peoples and nations—either absorption or hostility, both of which are perpetual threats to the people of God.
  3. Genesis 34:25 Simeon and Levi: because they slaughtered the men of Shechem, their own descendants would be scattered far and wide. Brothers of Dinah: all three were children of Leah (Gen 29:33-34; 30:21). Killed all the men: Shechem’s crime, serious as it was, hardly warranted such brutal and extensive retaliation (see vv. 27-29).

34 And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.

And when Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, prince of the country, saw her, he took her, and lay with her, and defiled her.

And his soul clave unto Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the damsel, and spake kindly unto the damsel.

And Shechem spake unto his father Hamor, saying, Get me this damsel to wife.

And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter: now his sons were with his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his peace until they were come.

And Hamor the father of Shechem went out unto Jacob to commune with him.

And the sons of Jacob came out of the field when they heard it: and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob's daughter: which thing ought not to be done.

And Hamor communed with them, saying, The soul of my son Shechem longeth for your daughter: I pray you give her him to wife.

And make ye marriages with us, and give your daughters unto us, and take our daughters unto you.

10 And ye shall dwell with us: and the land shall be before you; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein.

11 And Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren, Let me find grace in your eyes, and what ye shall say unto me I will give.

12 Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give according as ye shall say unto me: but give me the damsel to wife.

13 And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father deceitfully, and said, because he had defiled Dinah their sister:

14 And they said unto them, We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us:

15 But in this will we consent unto you: If ye will be as we be, that every male of you be circumcised;

16 Then will we give our daughters unto you, and we will take your daughters to us, and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people.

17 But if ye will not hearken unto us, to be circumcised; then will we take our daughter, and we will be gone.

18 And their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem Hamor's son.

19 And the young man deferred not to do the thing, because he had delight in Jacob's daughter: and he was more honourable than all the house of his father.

20 And Hamor and Shechem his son came unto the gate of their city, and communed with the men of their city, saying,

21 These men are peaceable with us; therefore let them dwell in the land, and trade therein; for the land, behold, it is large enough for them; let us take their daughters to us for wives, and let us give them our daughters.

22 Only herein will the men consent unto us for to dwell with us, to be one people, if every male among us be circumcised, as they are circumcised.

23 Shall not their cattle and their substance and every beast of their's be our's? only let us consent unto them, and they will dwell with us.

24 And unto Hamor and unto Shechem his son hearkened all that went out of the gate of his city; and every male was circumcised, all that went out of the gate of his city.

25 And it came to pass on the third day, when they were sore, that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah's brethren, took each man his sword, and came upon the city boldly, and slew all the males.

26 And they slew Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went out.

27 The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and spoiled the city, because they had defiled their sister.

28 They took their sheep, and their oxen, and their asses, and that which was in the city, and that which was in the field,

29 And all their wealth, and all their little ones, and their wives took they captive, and spoiled even all that was in the house.

30 And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, Ye have troubled me to make me to stink among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites: and I being few in number, they shall gather themselves together against me, and slay me; and I shall be destroyed, I and my house.

31 And they said, Should he deal with our sister as with an harlot?

The Dinah Incident

34 Now (A)Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land. And when Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, prince of the country, saw her, he (B)took her and lay with her, and violated her. His soul [a]was strongly attracted to Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the young woman and spoke [b]kindly to the young woman. So Shechem (C)spoke to his father Hamor, saying, “Get me this young woman as a wife.”

And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter. Now his sons were with his livestock in the field; so Jacob (D)held[c] his peace until they came. Then Hamor the father of Shechem went out to Jacob to speak with him. And the sons of Jacob came in from the field when they heard it; and the men were grieved and very angry, because he (E)had done a disgraceful thing in Israel by lying with Jacob’s daughter, (F)a thing which ought not to be done. But Hamor spoke with them, saying, “The soul of my son Shechem longs for your daughter. Please give her to him as a wife. And make marriages with us; give your daughters to us, and take our daughters to yourselves. 10 So you shall dwell with us, and the land shall be before you. Dwell and trade in it, and acquire possessions for yourselves in it.”

11 Then Shechem said to her father and her brothers, “Let me find favor in your eyes, and whatever you say to me I will give. 12 Ask me ever so much (G)dowry[d] and gift, and I will give according to what you say to me; but give me the young woman as a wife.”

13 But the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father, and spoke (H)deceitfully, because he had defiled Dinah their sister. 14 And they said to them, “We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to one who is (I)uncircumcised, for (J)that would be a reproach to us. 15 But on this condition we will consent to you: If you will become as we are, if every male of you is circumcised, 16 then we will give our daughters to you, and we will take your daughters to us; and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people. 17 But if you will not heed us and be circumcised, then we will take our daughter and be gone.”

18 And their words pleased Hamor and Shechem, Hamor’s son. 19 So the young man did not delay to do the thing, because he delighted in Jacob’s daughter. He was (K)more honorable than all the household of his father.

20 And Hamor and Shechem his son came to the (L)gate of their city, and spoke with the men of their city, saying: 21 “These men are at peace with us. Therefore let them dwell in the land and trade in it. For indeed the land is large enough for them. Let us take their daughters to us as wives, and let us give them our daughters. 22 Only on this condition will the men consent to dwell with us, to be one people: if every male among us is circumcised as they are circumcised. 23 Will not their livestock, their property, and every animal of theirs be ours? Only let us consent to them, and they will dwell with us.” 24 And all who went out of the gate of his city heeded Hamor and Shechem his son; every male was circumcised, all who (M)went out of the gate of his city.

25 Now it came to pass on the third day, when they were in pain, that two of the sons of Jacob, (N)Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword and came boldly upon the city and killed all the males. 26 And they (O)killed Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah from Shechem’s house, and went out. 27 The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and plundered the city, because their sister had been defiled. 28 They took their sheep, their oxen, and their donkeys, what was in the city and what was in the field, 29 and all their wealth. All their little ones and their wives they took captive; and they plundered even all that was in the houses.

30 Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, (P)“You have (Q)troubled me (R)by making me obnoxious among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites; (S)and since I am few in number, they will gather themselves together against me and kill me. I shall be destroyed, my household and I.”

31 But they said, “Should he treat our sister like a harlot?”

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 34:3 Lit. clung to
  2. Genesis 34:3 tenderly
  3. Genesis 34:5 kept silent
  4. Genesis 34:12 bride-price

Jakobs söner hämnas

34 En dag gick Dina, Leas dotter, för att besöka några av grannflickorna,

men när hiveen Sikem, kung Hamors son, såg henne, tog han henne med sig och våldtog henne.

Han blev djupt förälskad i henne och försökte att vinna hennes kärlek.

Sedan talade han med sin far om detta. Se till att jag får den där flickan för jag vill gifta mig med henne, krävde han.

Jakob fick snart veta vad som hade hänt, men eftersom hans söner var ute på åkrarna och tog hand om boskapen, fick de inget veta förrän de återvänt hem.

6-7 Under tiden gick kung Hamor, Sikems far, till Jakob och kom dit just när Jakobs söner kom tillbaka från åkrarna. De blev förtvivlade och oerhört upprörda över denna förnedring, som var en våldshandling mot dem allesammans.

Hamor sa till Jakob: Min son Sikem är verkligen kär i din dotter, och han vill att hon ska bli hans hustru. Låt honom få gifta sig med henne.

9-10 Dessutom vill vi inbjuda ditt folk att komma hit och bo bland oss och låta dina döttrar gifta sig med våra söner, och vi vill ge våra döttrar som hustrur åt era unga män. Du kan slå dig ner var du än vill bland oss och ägna dig åt dina affärer och bli rik!

11 Sedan talade Sikem till Dinas far och bröder: Var goda mot mig och låt mig få henne till hustru, tiggde han. Jag ska ge er vad ni än vill ha.

12 Det spelar ingen roll vilken hemgift eller gåva ni kräver, för jag ska betala den, bara ni ger mig er syster till hustru.

13 Eftersom Sikem hade behandlat deras syster så illa ljög hennes bröder för Sikem och Hamor och handlade oärligt.

14 De sa nämligen: Det kan vi nog inte, för du är inte omskuren. Det skulle vara en skam för henne att gifta sig med en oomskuren man.

15 Men om alla era män låter omskära sig,

16 kan vi gifta bort våra döttrar och bo här och förena oss med er, så att vi kan bli ett folk.

17 Annars måste vi ta henne med oss och flytta härifrån.

18-19 Hamor och Sikem gick med på detta förslag och skyndade sig att göra som de hade föreslagit, för Sikem var mycket kär i Dina. Dessutom var han övertygad om att han kunde övertala de andra männen i staden, för han var mycket respekterad och populär.

20 Hamor och Sikem framträdde därför inför stadens styresmän och presenterade sitt förslag.

21 Dessa män är våra vänner, sa de. Låt oss inbjuda dem att bo här ibland oss och utöva sina yrken, för landet är stort nog att rymma dem, och vi kan gifta oss med deras döttrar och de med våra.

22 Men de tänker bara stanna här på ett villkor, att vi alla låter omskära oss på samma sätt som de.

23 Om vi gör det kommer allt de äger att bli vårt, och landet kommer att bli ännu rikare. Låt oss komma överens om detta, så att de bosätter sig här ibland oss.

24 Männen samtyckte och alla omskar sig.

25 Men tre dagar senare, när såren var ömma och varje rörelse kändes, tog Dinas två bröder Simeon och Levi sina svärd och gick in i staden och dödade utan motstånd varenda man där,

26 även Hamor och Sikem, och de befriade Dina i Sikems hus och återvände sedan till lägret.

27 Sedan gick alla Jakobs söner till staden och plundrade den, eftersom deras syster hade vanhedrats där.

28 De tog alla får och fäkreatur och åsnor - allt som de kunde lägga beslag på, både inne i staden och ute på åkrarna,

29 och de tog alla kvinnor och barn och allt av värde.

30 Då sa Jakob till Levi och Simeon: Ni har gjort mig illa omtyckt av alla i hela landet - av kananeerna och perisseerna. Vi är så få att de nu säkert kommer och krossar oss, och på så sätt kommer vi alla att bli dödade.

31 Men inte kunde vi tillåta honom att få behandla vår syster som en prostituerad? svarade de.