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Think of it this way. If a father dies and leaves an inheritance for his young children, those children are not much better off than slaves until they grow up, even though they actually own everything their father had. They have to obey their guardians until they reach whatever age their father set. And that’s the way it was with us before Christ came. We were like children; we were slaves to the basic spiritual principles[a] of this world.

But when the right time came, God sent his Son, born of a woman, subject to the law. God sent him to buy freedom for us who were slaves to the law, so that he could adopt us as his very own children.[b] And because we[c] are his children, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, prompting us to call out, “Abba, Father.”[d] Now you are no longer a slave but God’s own child.[e] And since you are his child, God has made you his heir.

Paul’s Concern for the Galatians

Before you Gentiles knew God, you were slaves to so-called gods that do not even exist. So now that you know God (or should I say, now that God knows you), why do you want to go back again and become slaves once more to the weak and useless spiritual principles of this world? 10 You are trying to earn favor with God by observing certain days or months or seasons or years. 11 I fear for you. Perhaps all my hard work with you was for nothing. 12 Dear brothers and sisters,[f] I plead with you to live as I do in freedom from these things, for I have become like you Gentiles—free from those laws.

You did not mistreat me when I first preached to you. 13 Surely you remember that I was sick when I first brought you the Good News. 14 But even though my condition tempted you to reject me, you did not despise me or turn me away. No, you took me in and cared for me as though I were an angel from God or even Christ Jesus himself. 15 Where is that joyful and grateful spirit you felt then? I am sure you would have taken out your own eyes and given them to me if it had been possible. 16 Have I now become your enemy because I am telling you the truth?

17 Those false teachers are so eager to win your favor, but their intentions are not good. They are trying to shut you off from me so that you will pay attention only to them. 18 If someone is eager to do good things for you, that’s all right; but let them do it all the time, not just when I’m with you.

19 Oh, my dear children! I feel as if I’m going through labor pains for you again, and they will continue until Christ is fully developed in your lives. 20 I wish I were with you right now so I could change my tone. But at this distance I don’t know how else to help you.

Abraham’s Two Children

21 Tell me, you who want to live under the law, do you know what the law actually says? 22 The Scriptures say that Abraham had two sons, one from his slave wife and one from his freeborn wife.[g] 23 The son of the slave wife was born in a human attempt to bring about the fulfillment of God’s promise. But the son of the freeborn wife was born as God’s own fulfillment of his promise.

24 These two women serve as an illustration of God’s two covenants. The first woman, Hagar, represents Mount Sinai where people received the law that enslaved them. 25 And now Jerusalem is just like Mount Sinai in Arabia,[h] because she and her children live in slavery to the law. 26 But the other woman, Sarah, represents the heavenly Jerusalem. She is the free woman, and she is our mother. 27 As Isaiah said,

“Rejoice, O childless woman,
    you who have never given birth!
Break into a joyful shout,
    you who have never been in labor!
For the desolate woman now has more children
    than the woman who lives with her husband!”[i]

28 And you, dear brothers and sisters, are children of the promise, just like Isaac. 29 But you are now being persecuted by those who want you to keep the law, just as Ishmael, the child born by human effort, persecuted Isaac, the child born by the power of the Spirit.

30 But what do the Scriptures say about that? “Get rid of the slave and her son, for the son of the slave woman will not share the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”[j] 31 So, dear brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman; we are children of the free woman.

Footnotes

  1. 4:3 Or powers; also in 4:9.
  2. 4:5 Greek sons; also in 4:6.
  3. 4:6a Greek you.
  4. 4:6b Abba is an Aramaic term for “father.”
  5. 4:7 Greek son; also in 4:7b.
  6. 4:12 Greek brothers; also in 4:28, 31.
  7. 4:22 See Gen 16:15; 21:2-3.
  8. 4:25 Greek And Hagar, which is Mount Sinai in Arabia, is now like Jerusalem; other manuscripts read And Mount Sinai in Arabia is now like Jerusalem.
  9. 4:27 Isa 54:1.
  10. 4:30 Gen 21:10.

Piénsenlo de la siguiente manera: si un padre muere y deja una herencia a sus hijos pequeños, esos niños no están en mejor situación que los esclavos hasta que se hagan mayores de edad, aunque son los verdaderos dueños de todas las posesiones de su padre. Tienen que obedecer a sus tutores hasta que cumplan la edad establecida por su padre. Eso mismo sucedía con nosotros antes de que viniera Cristo. Éramos como niños; éramos esclavos de los principios[a] espirituales básicos de este mundo.

Sin embargo, cuando se cumplió el tiempo establecido, Dios envió a su Hijo, nacido de una mujer y sujeto a la ley. Dios lo envió para que comprara la libertad de los que éramos esclavos de la ley, a fin de poder adoptarnos como sus propios hijos; y debido a que somos[b] sus hijos, Dios envió al Espíritu de su Hijo a nuestro corazón, el cual nos impulsa a exclamar «Abba, Padre»[c]. Ahora ya no eres un esclavo sino un hijo de Dios, y como eres su hijo, Dios te ha hecho su heredero.

Preocupación de Pablo por los gálatas

Antes de conocer a Dios, ustedes, los gentiles,[d] eran esclavos de los llamados dioses, que ni siquiera existen. Así que ahora que conocen a Dios (o mejor dicho, ahora que Dios los conoce a ustedes), ¿por qué quieren retroceder y convertirse otra vez en esclavos de los débiles e inútiles principios espirituales de este mundo? 10 Pretenden ganarse el favor de Dios al cumplir con ciertos días o meses, estaciones o años. 11 Temo por ustedes. Quizá todo el arduo trabajo que hice entre ustedes fue en vano. 12 Amados hermanos, les ruego que vivan como yo, libres de esas cosas, pues yo llegué a ser como ustedes, los gentiles, libre de esas leyes.

Ustedes no me trataron mal cuando les prediqué por primera vez. 13 Sin duda, recordarán que yo estaba enfermo la primera vez que les llevé la Buena Noticia. 14 Aunque mi condición los tentaba a no aceptarme, ustedes no me despreciaron ni me rechazaron. Todo lo contrario, me recibieron y me cuidaron como si yo fuera un ángel de Dios o incluso el mismo Cristo Jesús. 15 ¿Dónde ha ido a parar el espíritu de alegría y de gratitud que antes tenían? Estoy seguro de que ustedes se hubieran arrancado los propios ojos para dármelos de haber sido posible. 16 ¿Acaso ahora me volví su enemigo porque les digo la verdad?

17 Esos falsos maestros están muy ansiosos de ganarse el favor de ustedes, pero sus intenciones no son nada buenas. Lo que quieren es aislarlos de mí para que ustedes solo les presten atención a ellos. 18 Si alguien quiere hacer cosas buenas por ustedes, no hay ningún problema; pero que lo haga en todo tiempo, no solo cuando estoy con ustedes.

19 ¡Oh mis hijos queridos! Siento como si volviera a sufrir dolores de parto por ustedes, y seguirán hasta que Cristo se forme por completo en sus vidas. 20 Desearía estar con ustedes en este momento para poder hablarles en otro tono, pero estando tan lejos, no sé qué más puedo hacer para ayudarlos.

Los dos hijos de Abraham

21 Díganme ustedes, los que quieren vivir bajo la ley, ¿saben lo que en realidad dice la ley? 22 Las Escrituras dicen que Abraham tuvo dos hijos, uno de la mujer esclava y el otro de su esposa, quien había nacido libre.[e] 23 El nacimiento del hijo de la esclava fue el resultado de un intento humano por lograr que se cumpliera la promesa de Dios; pero el nacimiento del hijo de la libre fue la manera en que Dios cumplió su promesa.

24 Esas dos mujeres son una ilustración de los dos pactos de Dios. La primera mujer, Agar, representa el monte Sinaí, donde el pueblo recibió la ley que los hizo esclavos. 25 Y ahora Jerusalén es igual que el monte Sinaí, en Arabia,[f] porque la ciudad y sus hijos viven bajo la esclavitud de la ley; 26 pero la otra mujer, Sara, representa la Jerusalén celestial. Ella es la mujer libre y es nuestra madre. 27 Como dijo Isaías:

«¡Alégrate, oh mujer sin hijos,
    tú que nunca diste a luz!
¡Ponte a gritar de alegría,
    tú que nunca tuviste dolores de parto!
¡Pues la mujer desolada ahora tiene más hijos
    que la que vive con su esposo!»[g].

28 Y ustedes, amados hermanos, son hijos de la promesa igual que Isaac; 29 pero ahora son perseguidos por los que quieren que cumplan la ley, tal como Ismael—el hijo que nació del esfuerzo humano—persiguió a Isaac, el hijo que nació por el poder del Espíritu.

30 ¿Pero qué dicen las Escrituras al respecto? «Echa fuera a la esclava y a su hijo, porque el hijo de la mujer esclava no compartirá la herencia del hijo de la mujer libre»[h]. 31 Así que, amados hermanos, no somos hijos de la mujer esclava; somos hijos de la mujer libre.

Footnotes

  1. 4:3 O poderes; también en 4:9.
  2. 4:6a En griego que ustedes son.
  3. 4:6b Abba es un término arameo que significa «padre».
  4. 4:8 Gentil[es], que no es judío.
  5. 4:22 Ver Gn 16:15; 21:2-3.
  6. 4:25 En griego Y Agar—que es el monte Sinaí, en Arabia—, ahora es como Jerusalén; otros manuscritos dicen Y el monte Sinaí, en Arabia, ahora es como Jerusalén.
  7. 4:27 Is 54:1.
  8. 4:30 Gn 21:10.

What I am saying is that as long as an heir is underage, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. The heir is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father. So also, when we were underage, we were in slavery(A) under the elemental spiritual forces[a] of the world.(B) But when the set time had fully come,(C) God sent his Son,(D) born of a woman,(E) born under the law,(F) to redeem(G) those under the law, that we might receive adoption(H) to sonship.[b](I) Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son(J) into our hearts,(K) the Spirit who calls out, “Abba,[c] Father.”(L) So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.(M)

Paul’s Concern for the Galatians

Formerly, when you did not know God,(N) you were slaves(O) to those who by nature are not gods.(P) But now that you know God—or rather are known by God(Q)—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces[d]? Do you wish to be enslaved(R) by them all over again?(S) 10 You are observing special days and months and seasons and years!(T) 11 I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.(U)

12 I plead with you, brothers and sisters,(V) become like me, for I became like you. You did me no wrong. 13 As you know, it was because of an illness(W) that I first preached the gospel to you, 14 and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself.(X) 15 Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. 16 Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?(Y)

17 Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may have zeal for them.(Z) 18 It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always, not just when I am with you.(AA) 19 My dear children,(AB) for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you,(AC) 20 how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you!

Hagar and Sarah

21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law,(AD) are you not aware of what the law says? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman(AE) and the other by the free woman.(AF) 23 His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh,(AG) but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.(AH)

24 These things are being taken figuratively: The women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem that is above(AI) is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written:

“Be glad, barren woman,
    you who never bore a child;
shout for joy and cry aloud,
    you who were never in labor;
because more are the children of the desolate woman
    than of her who has a husband.”[e](AJ)

28 Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise.(AK) 29 At that time the son born according to the flesh(AL) persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit.(AM) It is the same now. 30 But what does Scripture say? “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”[f](AN) 31 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman,(AO) but of the free woman.(AP)

Footnotes

  1. Galatians 4:3 Or under the basic principles
  2. Galatians 4:5 The Greek word for adoption to sonship is a legal term referring to the full legal standing of an adopted male heir in Roman culture.
  3. Galatians 4:6 Aramaic for Father
  4. Galatians 4:9 Or principles
  5. Galatians 4:27 Isaiah 54:1
  6. Galatians 4:30 Gen. 21:10