Gálatas 4
O Livro
4 Pensem assim: um herdeiro, enquanto for criança, não tem vantagens, em relação aos criados da casa, no que diz respeito às riquezas que virá a receber mais tarde. 2 Na realidade ele continua dependente da autoridade dos administradores dos bens e dos seus educadores, até ao tempo determinado pelo pai.
3 Assim acontecia connosco quando éramos como essa criança: estávamos submetidos à força das leis e cerimónias judaicas e àqueles princípios rudimentares pelos quais se regem os que não são cristãos. 4 Contudo, quando chegou o tempo determinado, Deus enviou o seu Filho, nascido de uma mulher, e sujeito à Lei judaica, 5 para comprar a liberdade para nós que estávamos sob as imposições dessa Lei, a fim de poder adotar-nos como filhos. 6 E visto que agora somos seus filhos, Deus enviou aos nossos corações o Espírito de seu Filho, pelo qual temos o direito de nos dirigirmos a Deus e de lhe falar como a um Pai que amamos. 7 Assim já não somos como meros servos, mas somos filhos. E toda a herança de Deus nos pertence.
A preocupação de Paulo pelos gálatas
8 Antes de conhecerem a Deus, vocês, os gentios, serviam como escravos aqueles que por natureza não são deuses. 9 Agora que conhecem o verdadeiro Deus (ou melhor, que Deus vos reconhece como seus filhos), como é possível que queiram voltar atrás e tornar-se novamente escravos desses princípios rudimentares, fracos e sem valor? 10 Respeitam determinados dias e meses, períodos lunares e anos. 11 Receio bem que todo o meu trabalho em vosso benefício tenha sido em vão!
12 Irmãos, peço-vos que se libertem, como eu, que também fui como vocês. Sempre nos entendemos bem. 13 Lembram-se que nessa altura me encontrava muito doente, quando vos anunciei o evangelho pela primeira vez. 14 E até podiam ter sido levados a não se interessarem e a afastarem-se de uma pessoa enfraquecida, como era o meu caso; mas não. Antes me receberam e cuidaram de mim como se eu fosse um anjo de Deus, como se fosse Jesus Cristo mesmo. 15 E então, que é feito desses tempos felizes que vivemos juntos? Não estou a exagerar! Naquela altura senti que me teriam dado até os vossos próprios olhos, se isso fosse possível. 16 Seria então agora que iriam considerar-me vosso inimigo pelo facto de vos dizer a verdade?
17 Podem ter a certeza que essa gente que anda a fazer tudo para ganhar a vossa simpatia não está a agir para o vosso bem. No fundo, o que pretendem é fazer com que se afastem de mim e que o vosso zelo se concentre neles enquanto pessoas. 18 Na verdade, é bom serem zelosos em fazer o bem, especialmente quando eu não estou presente. 19 Eu estou a sofrer de novo por vossa causa, meus filhos, como uma mãe que espera o seu filho que vai nascer; pois desejo ardentemente que Cristo viva na vossa vida. 20 Bem que gostaria de estar agora junto de vocês e aí saberia encontrar a melhor maneira de vos falar. Porque na verdade eu nem sei o que pensar a vosso respeito.
Agar e Sara
21 Digam-me, os que insistem em submeter-se à obediência à Lei judaica: não compreendem o seu verdadeiro significado? 22 Diz lá que Abraão teve dois filhos: um da escrava e outro de sua mulher que era livre. 23 Mas houve uma diferença entre o nascimento do filho desta última e o da escrava: o filho da mulher escrava nasceu duma tentativa humana de fazer cumprir a promessa de Deus. Mas o filho da mulher livre nasceu em cumprimento do propósito de Deus, da sua promessa.
24 Ora estas duas mulheres representam duas alianças. Uma é a do monte Sinai, o tipo de aliança feita com Agar, que dá à luz filhos para a escravidão. 25 Ora, Agar é o monte Sinai na Arábia e representa a Jerusalém existente agora, pois tanto ela como os seus filhos vivem na escravidão. 26 Mas Sara, a mulher livre, representa a Jerusalém celestial. Ela é a nossa mãe. 27 Isto é o que Isaías escreveu:
“Alegra-te tu, mulher que não tiveste filhos.
Expande a tua alegria com cânticos,
tu que não estás de parto!
Porque tu que foste abandonada
terás mais filhos do que a que tem marido.”[a]
28 Pois vocês, irmãos, são esses filhos prometidos por Deus, tal como Isaque. 29 E tal como acontecia naquele tempo, em que o filho nascido segundo a ordem natural perseguia aquele que veio ao mundo segundo o Espírito de Deus, assim é também agora.
30 Mas que diz a Escritura? “Manda embora essa escrava e o seu filho, pois este não será herdeiro juntamente com o filho da mulher livre!”[b] 31 Portanto, meus irmãos, nós não somos filhos da escrava, mas da mulher livre.
Galatians 4
King James Version
4 Now I say, That the heir, as long as he is a child, differeth nothing from a servant, though he be lord of all;
2 But is under tutors and governors until the time appointed of the father.
3 Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world:
4 But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law,
5 To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons.
6 And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father.
7 Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ.
8 Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods.
9 But now, after that ye have known God, or rather are known of God, how turn ye again to the weak and beggarly elements, whereunto ye desire again to be in bondage?
10 Ye observe days, and months, and times, and years.
11 I am afraid of you, lest I have bestowed upon you labour in vain.
12 Brethren, I beseech you, be as I am; for I am as ye are: ye have not injured me at all.
13 Ye know how through infirmity of the flesh I preached the gospel unto you at the first.
14 And my temptation which was in my flesh ye despised not, nor rejected; but received me as an angel of God, even as Christ Jesus.
15 Where is then the blessedness ye spake of? for I bear you record, that, if it had been possible, ye would have plucked out your own eyes, and have given them to me.
16 Am I therefore become your enemy, because I tell you the truth?
17 They zealously affect you, but not well; yea, they would exclude you, that ye might affect them.
18 But it is good to be zealously affected always in a good thing, and not only when I am present with you.
19 My little children, of whom I travail in birth again until Christ be formed in you,
20 I desire to be present with you now, and to change my voice; for I stand in doubt of you.
21 Tell me, ye that desire to be under the law, do ye not hear the law?
22 For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a bondmaid, the other by a freewoman.
23 But he who was of the bondwoman was born after the flesh; but he of the freewoman was by promise.
24 Which things are an allegory: for these are the two covenants; the one from the mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is Agar.
25 For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children.
26 But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all.
27 For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an husband.
28 Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are the children of promise.
29 But as then he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that was born after the Spirit, even so it is now.
30 Nevertheless what saith the scripture? Cast out the bondwoman and her son: for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman.
31 So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman, but of the free.
Galatians 4
New International Version
4 What I am saying is that as long as an heir is underage, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. 2 The heir is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father. 3 So also, when we were underage, we were in slavery(A) under the elemental spiritual forces[a] of the world.(B) 4 But when the set time had fully come,(C) God sent his Son,(D) born of a woman,(E) born under the law,(F) 5 to redeem(G) those under the law, that we might receive adoption(H) to sonship.[b](I) 6 Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son(J) into our hearts,(K) the Spirit who calls out, “Abba,[c] Father.”(L) 7 So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.(M)
Paul’s Concern for the Galatians
8 Formerly, when you did not know God,(N) you were slaves(O) to those who by nature are not gods.(P) 9 But now that you know God—or rather are known by God(Q)—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces[d]? Do you wish to be enslaved(R) by them all over again?(S) 10 You are observing special days and months and seasons and years!(T) 11 I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.(U)
12 I plead with you, brothers and sisters,(V) become like me, for I became like you. You did me no wrong. 13 As you know, it was because of an illness(W) that I first preached the gospel to you, 14 and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself.(X) 15 Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. 16 Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?(Y)
17 Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may have zeal for them.(Z) 18 It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always, not just when I am with you.(AA) 19 My dear children,(AB) for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you,(AC) 20 how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you!
Hagar and Sarah
21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law,(AD) are you not aware of what the law says? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman(AE) and the other by the free woman.(AF) 23 His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh,(AG) but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.(AH)
24 These things are being taken figuratively: The women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem that is above(AI) is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written:
“Be glad, barren woman,
you who never bore a child;
shout for joy and cry aloud,
you who were never in labor;
because more are the children of the desolate woman
than of her who has a husband.”[e](AJ)
28 Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise.(AK) 29 At that time the son born according to the flesh(AL) persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit.(AM) It is the same now. 30 But what does Scripture say? “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”[f](AN) 31 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman,(AO) but of the free woman.(AP)
Footnotes
- Galatians 4:3 Or under the basic principles
- Galatians 4:5 The Greek word for adoption to sonship is a legal term referring to the full legal standing of an adopted male heir in Roman culture.
- Galatians 4:6 Aramaic for Father
- Galatians 4:9 Or principles
- Galatians 4:27 Isaiah 54:1
- Galatians 4:30 Gen. 21:10
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