Add parallel Print Page Options

Digo, pues, que, mientras el heredero es menor de edad, en nada se distingue de un esclavo. Cierto que es dueño de todo, pero tiene que estar sometido a tutores y administradores hasta el momento fijado por el padre. Lo mismo sucede con nosotros: durante nuestra minoría de edad nos han esclavizado las realidades mundanas. Pero, al llegar el momento cumbre de la historia, Dios envió a su Hijo, nacido de mujer, nacido bajo el régimen de la ley, para liberarnos del yugo de la ley y alcanzarnos la condición de hijos adoptivos de Dios.

Y prueba de que ustedes son hijos es que Dios ha enviado el Espíritu de su Hijo a sus corazones; y el Espíritu clama: “¡Abba!”, es decir, “¡Padre!”. Así que ya no eres esclavo, sino hijo. Y como hijo que eres, Dios te ha declarado también heredero.

Inquietud de Pablo por la actitud de los Gálatas

En otro tiempo no conocían a Dios y estaban al servicio de falsos dioses. Pero ahora que ya conocen a Dios o, mejor dicho, ahora que Dios los conoce, ¿cómo es que vuelven a dejarse esclavizar por esas realidades mundanas que no tienen fuerza ni valor? 10 Todavía celebran como fiestas religiosas ciertos días, meses, estaciones y años. 11 Mucho me temo que mis sudores entre ustedes hayan sido baldíos.

12 Por favor, hermanos, compórtense como yo, pues también yo me he adaptado a ustedes. Ninguna ofensa sufrí de ustedes entonces. 13 Ya saben que fue una enfermedad la que me dio la oportunidad de anunciarles por vez primera el mensaje evangélico. 14 Y, aunque mi estado físico debió de ser una dura prueba para ustedes, no me despreciaron ni sintieron asco de mí. Al contrario, me acogieron como a un mensajero de Dios, como si fuera el mismo Cristo Jesús. 15 ¿Qué ha sido de aquel entusiasmo? Porque estoy seguro de que ustedes hasta los ojos se habrían arrancado, a ser posible, para dármelos a mí. 16 ¿He pasado entonces a ser enemigo por haberles dicho la verdad?

17 Esa gente muestra mucho interés por ustedes, pero no es un interés de buena ley. Lo que buscan es aislarlos de mí para que no tengan más remedio que seguirlos. 18 Deberían ustedes interesarse por hacer el bien en todo momento y no sólo cuando yo me encuentro entre ustedes. 19 Hijos míos, estoy sufriendo, como si de nuevo los estuviera dando a luz, hasta que Cristo tome forma definitiva en ustedes. 20 Me gustaría estar ahora entre ustedes y emplear el tono adecuado, pues verdaderamente no sé cómo tratarlos.

Alegoría de Sara y Agar

21 Ustedes, los que se empeñan en vivir bajo la ley de Moisés, díganme: ¿han escuchado acaso lo que dice? 22 Porque en ella está escrito que Abrahán tuvo dos hijos: uno de su esclava y otro de su esposa, que era libre. 23 El de la esclava nació siguiendo el curso normal de la naturaleza; el de la libre, en cambio, en virtud de una promesa divina. 24 Esto tiene un significado más profundo: las dos mujeres representan dos alianzas. Una —simbolizada en Agar— proviene del monte Sinaí, y engendra esclavos. 25 Noten, en efecto, que Agar hace referencia al monte Sinaí, el cual está en Arabia, y es figura de la actual Jerusalén, que sigue siendo esclava junto con sus hijos. 26 Pero la Jerusalén celestial es libre, y esa es nuestra madre. 27 Pues dice la Escritura:

Alégrate tú, la estéril,
la que no tienes hijos;
salta de júbilo y clama,
tú que no has experimentado
los dolores de parto.
Porque van a ser muchos más
los hijos de la abandonada,
que los de aquella que tiene marido.

28 Hermanos, ustedes, como Isaac, son hijos en virtud de la promesa. 29 Pero lo mismo que entonces el hijo que nació siguiendo el curso normal de la naturaleza no cesaba de hostigar al que nació en virtud del Espíritu, así ocurre ahora. 30 Y ¿qué dice la Escritura?: Echa de casa a la esclava y a su hijo, porque el hijo de la esclava no ha de compartir la herencia con el hijo de la libre. 31 En una palabra, hermanos: no somos hijos de la esclava, sino de la libre.

Sons and Heirs Through Christ

Now I say that the heir, as long as he is a child, does not differ at all from a slave, though he is master of all, but is under guardians and stewards until the time appointed by the father. Even so we, when we were children, (A)were in bondage under the elements of the world. But (B)when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, (C)born[a] (D)of a woman, (E)born under the law, (F)to redeem those who were under the law, (G)that we might receive the adoption as sons.

And because you are sons, God has sent forth (H)the Spirit of His Son into your hearts, crying out, [b]“Abba, Father!” Therefore you are no longer a slave but a son, (I)and if a son, then an heir [c]of God [d]through Christ.

Fears for the Church

But then, indeed, (J)when you did not know God, (K)you served those which by nature are not gods. But now (L)after you have known God, or rather are known by God, (M)how is it that you turn again to (N)the weak and beggarly elements, to which you desire again to be in bondage? 10 (O)You observe days and months and seasons and years. 11 I am afraid for you, (P)lest I have labored for you in vain.

12 Brethren, I urge you to become like me, for I became like you. (Q)You have not injured me at all. 13 You know that (R)because of physical infirmity I preached the gospel to you at the first. 14 And my trial which was in my flesh you did not despise or reject, but you received me (S)as an [e]angel of God, (T)even as Christ Jesus. 15 [f]What then was the blessing you enjoyed? For I bear you witness that, if possible, you would have plucked out your own eyes and given them to me. 16 Have I therefore become your enemy because I tell you the truth?

17 They (U)zealously court you, but for no good; yes, they want to exclude you, that you may be zealous for them. 18 But it is good to be zealous in a good thing always, and not only when I am present with you. 19 (V)My little children, for whom I labor in birth again until Christ is formed in you, 20 I would like to be present with you now and to change my tone; for I have doubts about you.

Two Covenants(W)

21 Tell me, you who desire to be under the law, do you not hear the law? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons: (X)the one by a bondwoman, (Y)the other by a freewoman. 23 But he who was of the bondwoman (Z)was born according to the flesh, (AA)and he of the freewoman through promise, 24 which things are symbolic. For these are [g]the two covenants: the one from Mount (AB)Sinai which gives birth to bondage, which is Hagar— 25 for this Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia, and corresponds to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children— 26 but the (AC)Jerusalem above is free, which is the mother of us all. 27 For it is written:

(AD)“Rejoice, O barren,
You who do not bear!
Break forth and shout,
You who are not in labor!
For the desolate has many more children
Than she who has a husband.”

28 Now (AE)we, brethren, as Isaac was, are (AF)children of promise. 29 But, as (AG)he who was born according to the flesh then persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, (AH)even so it is now. 30 Nevertheless what does (AI)the Scripture say? (AJ)“Cast out the bondwoman and her son, for (AK)the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman.” 31 So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman but of the free.

Footnotes

  1. Galatians 4:4 Or made
  2. Galatians 4:6 Lit., in Aram., Father
  3. Galatians 4:7 NU through God
  4. Galatians 4:7 NU omits through Christ
  5. Galatians 4:14 Or messenger
  6. Galatians 4:15 NU Where
  7. Galatians 4:24 NU, M omit the

What I am saying is that as long as an heir is underage, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. The heir is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father. So also, when we were underage, we were in slavery(A) under the elemental spiritual forces[a] of the world.(B) But when the set time had fully come,(C) God sent his Son,(D) born of a woman,(E) born under the law,(F) to redeem(G) those under the law, that we might receive adoption(H) to sonship.[b](I) Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son(J) into our hearts,(K) the Spirit who calls out, “Abba,[c] Father.”(L) So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.(M)

Paul’s Concern for the Galatians

Formerly, when you did not know God,(N) you were slaves(O) to those who by nature are not gods.(P) But now that you know God—or rather are known by God(Q)—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces[d]? Do you wish to be enslaved(R) by them all over again?(S) 10 You are observing special days and months and seasons and years!(T) 11 I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.(U)

12 I plead with you, brothers and sisters,(V) become like me, for I became like you. You did me no wrong. 13 As you know, it was because of an illness(W) that I first preached the gospel to you, 14 and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself.(X) 15 Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. 16 Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?(Y)

17 Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may have zeal for them.(Z) 18 It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always, not just when I am with you.(AA) 19 My dear children,(AB) for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you,(AC) 20 how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you!

Hagar and Sarah

21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law,(AD) are you not aware of what the law says? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman(AE) and the other by the free woman.(AF) 23 His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh,(AG) but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.(AH)

24 These things are being taken figuratively: The women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem that is above(AI) is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written:

“Be glad, barren woman,
    you who never bore a child;
shout for joy and cry aloud,
    you who were never in labor;
because more are the children of the desolate woman
    than of her who has a husband.”[e](AJ)

28 Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise.(AK) 29 At that time the son born according to the flesh(AL) persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit.(AM) It is the same now. 30 But what does Scripture say? “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”[f](AN) 31 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman,(AO) but of the free woman.(AP)

Footnotes

  1. Galatians 4:3 Or under the basic principles
  2. Galatians 4:5 The Greek word for adoption to sonship is a legal term referring to the full legal standing of an adopted male heir in Roman culture.
  3. Galatians 4:6 Aramaic for Father
  4. Galatians 4:9 Or principles
  5. Galatians 4:27 Isaiah 54:1
  6. Galatians 4:30 Gen. 21:10