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Water from the Temple

47 Then he brought me back to the entrance of the temple. I noticed[a] that water was flowing from under the threshold of the temple toward the east (for the temple faced east). The water was flowing down from under the right side of the temple, from south of the altar. He led me out by way of the north gate and brought me around the outside of the outer gate that faces toward the east; I noticed[b] that the water was trickling out from the south side.

When the man went out toward the east with a measuring line in his hand, he measured 1,750 feet,[c] and then he led me through water, which was ankle deep. Again he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was now knee deep. Once more he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was waist deep. Again he measured 1,750 feet, and it was a river I could not cross, for the water had risen; it was deep enough to swim in, a river that could not be crossed. He said to me, “Son of man, have you seen this?”

Then he led me back to the bank of the river. When I had returned, I noticed[d] a vast number of trees on the banks of the river, on both sides. He said to me, “These waters go out toward the eastern region and flow down into the rift valley; when they enter the Dead Sea,[e] where the sea is stagnant,[f] the waters become fresh.[g] Every living creature that swarms where the river[h] flows will live; there will be many fish, for these waters flow there. It will become fresh,[i] and everything will live where the river flows. 10 Fishermen will stand beside it; from En Gedi to En Eglaim they will spread nets. They will catch many kinds of fish, like the fish of the Great Sea.[j] 11 But its swamps and its marshes will not become fresh; they will remain salty. 12 On both sides of the river’s banks, every kind of tree will grow for food. Their leaves will not wither nor will their fruit fail, but they will bear fruit every month, because their water source flows from the sanctuary. Their fruit will be for food and their leaves for healing.”[k]

Boundaries for the Land

13 This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “Here[l] are the borders[m] you will observe as you allot the land to the twelve tribes of Israel. (Joseph will have two portions.)[n] 14 You must divide it equally just as I vowed to give it to your forefathers;[o] this land will be assigned as your inheritance.[p]

15 “This will be the border of the land:[q] On the north side, from the Great Sea by way of Hethlon to the entrance of Zedad; 16 Hamath, Berothah, Sibraim, which is between the border of Damascus and the border of Hamath, as far as Hazer Hattikon, which is on the border of Hauran. 17 The border will run from the sea to Hazar Enan, at the border of Damascus, and on the north is the border of Hamath. This is the north side. 18 On the east side, between Hauran and Damascus, and between Gilead and the land of Israel, will be the Jordan. You will measure from the border to the eastern sea. This is the east side. 19 On the south side it will run from Tamar to the waters of Meribah Kadesh, the river,[r] to the Great Sea. This is the south side. 20 On the west side the Great Sea will be the boundary to a point opposite Lebo Hamath. This is the west side.

21 “This is how you will divide this land for yourselves among the tribes of Israel. 22 You must allot it as an inheritance among yourselves and for the resident foreigners who live among you, who have fathered sons among you. You must treat them as native-born among the people of Israel; they will be allotted an inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel.[s] 23 In whatever tribe the resident foreigner lives, there you will give him his inheritance,” declares the Sovereign Lord.

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 47:1 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
  2. Ezekiel 47:2 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
  3. Ezekiel 47:3 tn Heb “1,000 cubits” (i.e., 525 meters); this phrase occurs three times in the next two verses.
  4. Ezekiel 47:7 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
  5. Ezekiel 47:8 tn Heb “the sea,” referring to the Dead Sea. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  6. Ezekiel 47:8 tn Heb “to the sea, those which are brought out.” The reading makes no sense. The text is best emended to read “filthy” (i.e., stagnant). See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:273.
  7. Ezekiel 47:8 tn Heb “the waters become healed.”
  8. Ezekiel 47:9 tn Heb “two rivers,” perhaps under the influence of Zech 14:8. The translation follows the LXX and other ancient versions in reading the singular, which is demanded by the context (see vv. 5-7, 9b, 12).
  9. Ezekiel 47:9 tn Heb “will be healed.”
  10. Ezekiel 47:10 sn The Great Sea refers to the Mediterranean Sea (also in vv. 15, 19, 20).
  11. Ezekiel 47:12 sn See Rev 22:1-2.
  12. Ezekiel 47:13 tc This translation follows the reading זֶה (zeh) instead of גֵּה (geh), a nonexistent word, as supported by the LXX.
  13. Ezekiel 47:13 tn Or “territory”; see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:715.
  14. Ezekiel 47:13 tc The grammar is awkward, though the presence of these words is supported by the versions. L. C. Allen (Ezekiel [WBC], 2:274) suggests that it is an explanatory gloss.sn One portion for Ephraim, the other for Manasseh (Gen 48:17-20).
  15. Ezekiel 47:14 sn Gen 15:9-21.
  16. Ezekiel 47:14 tn Heb “will fall to you as an inheritance.”
  17. Ezekiel 47:15 sn The measurements resemble those in Num 34:1-2.
  18. Ezekiel 47:19 tn Or “valley.” The syntax is difficult. Some translate “to the river,” others “from the river”; in either case the preposition is supplied for the sake of English.
  19. Ezekiel 47:22 sn A similar attitude toward non-Israelites is found in Isa 56:3-8. There the term is נֵכָר (nekar, “foreigner”) and specifically the descendant (בֶּן, ben) of a nekar who becomes a follower of the Lord. Likewise the resident foreigner גֵּר (ger) in this verse is one who has given allegiance to the Lord (see notes at Exod 12:19 and Deut 29:11). What is new for the resident foreigner (גֵּר, ger) in this prophecy is having an inheritance in Israel. Previously the resident foreigner could own a house but not land.

The Vision of the Temple River

47 After this, he brought me back to the doorway to the Temple. To my amazement, there was water flowing out toward the east from beneath the threshold of the Temple! (The Temple faced eastward.) The water flowed down from beneath the right side of the Temple,[a] that is, from the south-facing side where the altar was located. Then he brought me out through the north gateway and around to the one outside that faces toward the east. To my amazement, water was trickling out from that part of[b] the south side, too!

As the man went out toward the east, he carried a measuring line in his hand. He measured out 1,000 cubits[c] as he led me through water that was ankle-deep. Then he measured out another 1,000 cubits,[d] where he led me through water that was knee-deep. And then he measured out another 1,000 cubits,[e] where the water was waist-deep. When he had measured out another 1,000 cubits,[f] the water had become deep enough that I wasn’t able to ford it. Instead, I would have had to swim through it.

Then, as he was bringing me back along the river bank, he asked me, “Son of Man, did you see all of this?” As we were coming back, I was amazed to see that there were many, many trees lining both banks of the river. He told me, “This river flows toward the eastern territories all the way down into the Arabah,[g] and from there its water flows toward the Dead[h] Sea, where the sea water turns fresh. It will support all kinds of living creatures that will thrive abundantly wherever the river flows. There will be a great many fish, because this water will flow there and turn the salt water fresh. As a result, everything will live wherever the river flows. 10 A day will come when fishermen will line its banks—from En-gedi to En-eglaim[i] there will be plenty of room to spread out nets. There will be all sorts of species of fish, as abundant as the fish that live in the Mediterranean[j] Sea. There will be lots of them!

11 “The river delta[k] will consist of swamps and marshes that will remain a salt water wetland preserve. 12 Lining each side of the river banks, all sorts of species of fruit trees will be growing. Their leaves will never wither and their fruit will never fail. They will bear fruit every month, because the water that nourishes them will be flowing from the sanctuary. Their fruit will be for food and their leaves will contain substances that promote healing.”

Israel’s Future Borders Delineated

13 This is what the Lord God says: “This is to be the territorial border by which you apportion the land for an inheritance among the twelve tribes of Israel, with Joseph double-portioned. 14 Apportion it for their inheritances, distributing everything equally as if you were distributing things to your own[l] brother, which is how I promised to give it to your ancestors. This way, the land will fall to you as an inheritance.

15 “This is to be the[m] border for the land: on the north side, from the Mediterranean[n] Sea by the Hethlon Road to the entrance of Zedad, 16 Hamath, Berothah, Sibraim (which lies between the border of Damascus and the border of Hamath), and Hazer-hatticon, which is on the border of Hauran. 17 The border is to proceed from the Mediterranean[o] Sea to Hazer-enan (a border of Damascus), and on the north facing north is to be the border of Hamath. This is to be the north side.

18 “The eastern extremity is to proceed from between Hauran and[p] Damascus, then between Gilead, and then through the land of Israel—the Jordan River.[q] You are to measure from the northern border to the Dead[r] Sea. This is to be the eastern perimeter.

19 “You are to determine the southern extremity running from Tamar as far as the waters of Meribath-kadesh, then from there proceeding to the Wadi,[s] and then to the Mediterranean[t] Sea. This is to be the southern[u] perimeter.

20 “The western[v] perimeter is to be the Mediterranean[w] Sea, from the southernmost border to a location opposite the entrance to Hamath. This is to be the western[x] perimeter.

21 “You are to apportion this land among yourselves according to the tribes of Israel, 22 dividing it by lottery among yourselves and among the foreigners who live among you and bear children among you. You are to treat them like native-born Israelis. Among you they,[y] too, are to be allotted an inheritance with the tribes of Israel. 23 Furthermore, you are to provide the foreigner’s inheritance there in the tribe within which he remains,” declares the Lord God.

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 47:1 I.e. the right side as one inside the temple faced toward the east.
  2. Ezekiel 47:2 The Heb. lacks that part of
  3. Ezekiel 47:3 I.e. about 1,750 feet; a royal cubit was about 21 inches
  4. Ezekiel 47:4 The Heb. lacks cubits
  5. Ezekiel 47:4 The Heb. lacks cubits
  6. Ezekiel 47:5 The Heb. lacks cubits
  7. Ezekiel 47:8 I.e. Israel’s southern desert areas including from the Sea of Galilee to the Red Sea through the Dead Sea
  8. Ezekiel 47:8 The Heb. lacks Dead
  9. Ezekiel 47:10 I.e. a city probably located on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea, not far from En-gedi, perhaps modern ‘Ain Feshka
  10. Ezekiel 47:10 Lit. Great
  11. Ezekiel 47:11 The Heb. lacks delta
  12. Ezekiel 47:14 The Heb. lacks own
  13. Ezekiel 47:15 The Heb. lacks is to be the
  14. Ezekiel 47:15 Lit. Great
  15. Ezekiel 47:17 The Heb. lacks Mediterranean
  16. Ezekiel 47:18 Lit. Hauran and then between
  17. Ezekiel 47:18 The Heb. lacks River
  18. Ezekiel 47:18 Lit. Eastern
  19. Ezekiel 47:19 I.e. the Wadi of Egypt, a seasonal stream or river that channels water during rain seasons but is dry at other times; ancient Israel’s southwestern-most border
  20. Ezekiel 47:19 Lit. Great
  21. Ezekiel 47:19 Or Negev
  22. Ezekiel 47:20 Lit. sea; i.e. the border running along the Mediterranean Sea
  23. Ezekiel 47:20 Lit. Great
  24. Ezekiel 47:20 Lit. sea; i.e. the border running along the Mediterranean Sea
  25. Ezekiel 47:22 Or Israelis among you. They