Face au pharaon

Moïse et Aaron devant le pharaon

Après cela, Moïse et Aaron se rendirent auprès du pharaon et lui dirent : Voici ce que dit l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël : « Laisse aller mon peuple pour qu’il célèbre une fête en mon honneur dans le désert. »

Le pharaon répondit : Qui est l’Eternel, pour que je lui obéisse en laissant partir d’ici les Israélites ? Je ne le connais pas, aussi ne les laisserai-je pas partir.

Ils reprirent : Le Dieu des Hébreux nous est apparu. Permets-nous donc d’aller à trois journées de marche dans le désert[a] pour offrir des sacrifices à l’Eternel, notre Dieu, pour qu’il ne nous frappe pas par une épidémie ou par la guerre.

Mais le pharaon leur répliqua : Moïse et Aaron, pourquoi détournez-vous le peuple de ses travaux ? Retournez à vos corvées ! Il ajouta : Ces gens sont maintenant très nombreux dans le pays. Et vous voudriez leur faire interrompre leurs corvées !

L’oppression se fait encore plus dure

Ce même jour, le pharaon donna aux chefs de corvées et aux surveillants[b] du peuple l’ordre suivant : Vous ne fournirez plus de paille aux gens de ce peuple pour confectionner des briques, comme on l’a fait jusqu’ici ; ils iront eux-mêmes ramasser la paille nécessaire[c]. Vous exigerez d’eux la même quantité de briques qu’auparavant, pas une de moins, car ce sont des fainéants ; c’est pour cela qu’ils crient : Allons offrir des sacrifices à notre Dieu. Ecrasez-les de travaux, qu’ils aient de quoi s’occuper, et ils ne prêteront plus attention à des paroles mensongères.

10 Les chefs de corvées et les surveillants sortirent et allèrent informer le peuple en disant : Le pharaon a déclaré qu’il ne vous fournira plus de paille. 11 Allez donc vous-mêmes vous en procurer là où vous en trouverez ! Et la production qui vous est imposée n’en sera pas réduite pour autant.

12 Le peuple se répandit dans tout le pays pour ramasser du chaume en guise de paille. 13 Les chefs de corvées les harcelaient : Finissez la quantité exigée pour chaque jour, comme lorsque la paille vous était fournie !

14 Et les chefs de corvées du pharaon se mirent à frapper les surveillants des Israélites qu’ils avaient établis sur eux en leur demandant : Pourquoi n’avez-vous pas fourni ces jours-ci la même quantité de briques qu’auparavant ?

15 Les surveillants des Israélites allèrent se plaindre au pharaon et lui demandèrent : Pourquoi agis-tu ainsi envers tes serviteurs ? 16 On ne fournit plus de paille à tes serviteurs et on nous dit : « Faites des briques ! » A présent, tes serviteurs sont battus. Ce que font tes gens est injuste !

17 Le pharaon répliqua : Vous êtes des fainéants, oui, des fainéants ! Voilà pourquoi vous dites : « Allons offrir des sacrifices à l’Eternel. » 18 Maintenant : Allez travailler ! On ne vous fournira plus de paille, mais vous livrerez la quantité de briques qui vous a été imposée.

19 Les surveillants des Israélites se virent dans une très mauvaise situation puisqu’on refusait de leur réduire la quantité de briques à livrer chaque jour. 20 En sortant de chez le pharaon, ils s’en prirent à Moïse et Aaron qui les attendaient, 21 et ils leur dirent : Que l’Eternel constate ce que vous avez fait et en soit juge ! A cause de vous, le pharaon et ses gens ne peuvent plus nous supporter. Vous leur avez mis l’épée en mains pour nous tuer !

22 Alors Moïse se tourna vers l’Eternel et lui dit : O Seigneur ! Pourquoi fais-tu du mal à ce peuple ? Pourquoi donc m’as-tu envoyé ici ? 23 Depuis que je suis venu trouver le pharaon pour lui parler en ton nom, il a maltraité ce peuple, et toi tu n’as rien fait pour délivrer ton peuple !

Footnotes

  1. 5.3 Voir 3.18. La raison pour aller sacrifier loin des Egyptiens est donnée en 8.22.
  2. 5.6 Les premiers sont des Egyptiens (même mot qu’oppresseurs en 3.7), les seconds des Israélites (contremaîtres, grec : scribes) chargés de rendre compte du travail fourni.
  3. 5.7 Les briques étaient seulement séchées au soleil, la paille augmentait leur solidité. Lors de la moisson, on coupait seulement les épis ; la paille restait sur pied.

Chapter 5[a]

First Audience of Moses with Pharaoh. Afterward, Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and proclaimed to him, “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel: ‘Let my people go so that they might celebrate a feast in the desert.’ ” Pharaoh answered, “Who is the Lord that I should listen to his voice and let Israel leave? I do not know the Lord, and I will not let Israel leave.” They said, “The God of the Hebrews has appeared to us. Let us leave for a journey of three days into the desert to celebrate a sacrifice to the Lord, our God, lest he punish us with plague or the sword.”

The king of Egypt said to them, “Why, Moses and Aaron, do you take the people away from their work? Return to your work.” Pharaoh added, “Behold how numerous the people of the land are. Would you have them rest from their labors?”

On that day, Pharaoh gave this order to the taskmasters of the people and to his overseers:[b] “Do not give any more straw[c] for making bricks to the people as you previously have. Let them get their own straw. But you must demand that they make the same number of bricks as before, without any reduction. They are lazy. That is why they are protesting, ‘We wish to leave, we must sacrifice to our God.’ Let more work be laid upon them so that they keep busy and not pay attention to lies.”

10 The taskmasters of the people and the overseers went out and spoke to the people: “Pharaoh has ordered, ‘I will not give you straw. 11 You can go and gather it for yourselves wherever you can find it, but your work must not decline.’ ”

12 The people scattered all throughout Egypt to gather stubble for straw. 13 But the taskmasters urged them on saying, “Finish your work, your daily quota, just as when you were given straw.”

14 Complaint of the Overseers. The overseers of the children of Israel, whom the taskmasters of Pharaoh had placed over them, beat them saying, “Why have you not finished your number of bricks today and yesterday like you did before?”

15 The overseers of the children of Israel came to Pharaoh and appealed to him saying, “Why do you treat your servants like this? 16 You have not given straw to your servants, but you tell them to make bricks. Your servants are beaten and it is the fault of your own people.” 17 He answered, “You are lazy, lazy! This is why you say, ‘We want to leave; we must sacrifice to the Lord.’ 18 Now go, work! You will not be given straw, but you will produce the same number of bricks.”

19 The overseers of the children of Israel saw that they were in trouble when they were told, “Do not lower the daily number of bricks.” 20 Upon leaving Pharaoh, they met Moses and Aaron who were waiting for them. 21 They said, “The Lord look upon you and judge, for you have made us hateful to Pharaoh and his ministers. You placed the sword in their hands to kill us.”

22 Renewal of God’s Promise. Moses turned again to the Lord and said, “My Lord, why have you treated this people so badly? Why did you send me? 23 From the time that I went to Pharaoh to speak to him in your name, he has treated this people harshly and you have not done anything to free your people.”

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 5:1 The first meeting with Pharaoh results in a worsening of conditions for the enslaved Israelites. This result might seem to be a failure of the divine plan, but several interventions will be needed to advance the plan.
  2. Exodus 5:6 Taskmasters . . . overseers: the former were Egyptians with authority over the Israelites; the latter were most likely appointed by the Israelites themselves.
  3. Exodus 5:7 Straw was mixed with clay to give greater cohesiveness to the unbaked bricks.

Bricks Without Straw

Afterward Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘Let my people go,(A) so that they may hold a festival(B) to me in the wilderness.’”

Pharaoh said, “Who is the Lord,(C) that I should obey him and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord and I will not let Israel go.”(D)

Then they said, “The God of the Hebrews has met with us. Now let us take a three-day journey(E) into the wilderness to offer sacrifices to the Lord our God, or he may strike us with plagues(F) or with the sword.”

But the king of Egypt said, “Moses and Aaron, why are you taking the people away from their labor?(G) Get back to your work!” Then Pharaoh said, “Look, the people of the land are now numerous,(H) and you are stopping them from working.”

That same day Pharaoh gave this order to the slave drivers(I) and overseers in charge of the people: “You are no longer to supply the people with straw for making bricks;(J) let them go and gather their own straw. But require them to make the same number of bricks as before; don’t reduce the quota.(K) They are lazy;(L) that is why they are crying out, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to our God.’(M) Make the work harder for the people so that they keep working and pay no attention to lies.”

10 Then the slave drivers(N) and the overseers went out and said to the people, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I will not give you any more straw. 11 Go and get your own straw wherever you can find it, but your work will not be reduced(O) at all.’” 12 So the people scattered all over Egypt to gather stubble to use for straw. 13 The slave drivers kept pressing them, saying, “Complete the work required of you for each day, just as when you had straw.” 14 And Pharaoh’s slave drivers beat the Israelite overseers they had appointed,(P) demanding, “Why haven’t you met your quota of bricks yesterday or today, as before?”

15 Then the Israelite overseers went and appealed to Pharaoh: “Why have you treated your servants this way? 16 Your servants are given no straw, yet we are told, ‘Make bricks!’ Your servants are being beaten, but the fault is with your own people.”

17 Pharaoh said, “Lazy, that’s what you are—lazy!(Q) That is why you keep saying, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to the Lord.’ 18 Now get to work.(R) You will not be given any straw, yet you must produce your full quota of bricks.”

19 The Israelite overseers realized they were in trouble when they were told, “You are not to reduce the number of bricks required of you for each day.” 20 When they left Pharaoh, they found Moses and Aaron waiting to meet them, 21 and they said, “May the Lord look on you and judge(S) you! You have made us obnoxious(T) to Pharaoh and his officials and have put a sword(U) in their hand to kill us.”(V)

God Promises Deliverance

22 Moses returned to the Lord and said, “Why, Lord, why have you brought trouble on this people?(W) Is this why you sent me? 23 Ever since I went to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has brought trouble on this people, and you have not rescued(X) your people at all.”