L’Eternel n’ira pas avec le peuple

33 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Va, quitte ce lieu, toi et le peuple que tu as fait sortir d’Egypte, et rendez-vous au pays que j’ai promis par serment à Abraham, à Isaac et à Jacob de donner à leurs descendants[a]. J’enverrai un ange devant toi et je chasserai les Cananéens, les Amoréens, les Hittites, les Phéréziens, les Héviens et les Yebousiens. Il vous conduira vers un pays ruisselant de lait et de miel. Pour moi, je n’irai pas au milieu de vous, car vous êtes un peuple rebelle et je pourrais vous exterminer pendant le voyage.

Lorsque le peuple entendit cette parole sévère, il prit le deuil : personne ne mit ses parures. L’Eternel avait ordonné à Moïse de dire aux Israélites : Vous êtes un peuple rebelle ; si je marchais au milieu de vous, ne fût-ce qu’un seul instant, je vous exterminerais. Otez donc vos parures et l’on verra comment je vais vous traiter.

Les Israélites enlevèrent leurs parures, à distance du mont Horeb.

La tente de la Rencontre

Moïse prit une tente et la dressa pour lui à l’extérieur du camp à une bonne distance. Il l’appelait tente de la Rencontre. Celui qui voulait consulter l’Eternel devait sortir du camp pour se rendre à la tente de la Rencontre. Chaque fois que Moïse sortait pour aller à cette tente, le peuple se levait et chacun se tenait à l’entrée de sa tente pour suivre Moïse du regard jusqu’à ce qu’il soit entré dans la tente. Dès qu’il y pénétrait, la colonne de nuée descendait et se tenait à l’entrée de la tente, et l’Eternel s’entretenait avec Moïse. 10 Tout le peuple voyait la colonne de nuée se tenir à l’entrée de la tente et le peuple tout entier se levait et se prosternait, chacun à l’entrée de sa tente. 11 L’Eternel s’entretenait avec Moïse directement comme un homme parle avec son ami. Puis Moïse regagnait le camp ; mais son jeune assistant Josué, fils de Noun, restait dans la tente.

Moïse prie l’Eternel d’accompagner son peuple

12 Moïse dit à l’Eternel : Vois, tu me demandes de conduire ce peuple, mais tu ne me fais pas connaître qui tu enverras pour m’accompagner ! Pourtant tu m’avais dit : « Je t’ai choisi personnellement et tu jouis de ma faveur. » 13 Maintenant, si réellement j’ai obtenu ta faveur, veuille me révéler tes intentions pour que je te connaisse. Alors j’aurai vraiment ta faveur. Et considère que ce peuple-là, c’est ton peuple !

14 Dieu répondit : Je marcherai moi-même avec toi, pour te rassurer.

15 Moïse reprit : Si tu ne viens pas toi-même avec nous, ne nous fais pas partir d’ici. 16 A quoi reconnaîtra-t-on que j’ai obtenu ta faveur, moi ainsi que ton peuple, sinon si tu marches avec nous, et si nous sommes ainsi distingués, moi et ton peuple, de tous les autres peuples sur la terre ?

17 Alors l’Eternel répondit à Moïse : Même ce que tu viens de demander, je te l’accorde parce que tu jouis de ma faveur et que j’ai une relation particulière avec toi.

18 Moïse reprit : Permets-moi de contempler ta gloire !

19 Dieu lui répondit : Je ferai moi-même passer devant toi toute ma bonté et je proclamerai devant toi les qualités de l’Eternel. Je ferai grâce à qui je veux faire grâce, j’aurai compassion de qui je veux avoir compassion[b]. 20 Mais tu ne pourras pas voir ma face, car nul homme ne peut me voir et demeurer en vie.

21 L’Eternel dit encore : Il y a ici un lieu près de moi ; tiens-toi debout sur le rocher, 22 et quand ma gloire passera, je te mettrai dans le creux du rocher et je te couvrirai de ma main, jusqu’à ce que j’aie passé. 23 Puis je retirerai ma main et tu me verras de dos, mais ma face ne pourra pas être vue.

Footnotes

  1. 33.1 Selon Nb 10.11-12 comparé à Ex 19.1, le séjour d’Israël au Sinaï a été d’un an. Voir Gn 12.7 ; 26.3 ; 28.13.
  2. 33.19 Cité en Rm 9.15.

The Command to Leave Sinai

33 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Depart and go up from here, you (A)and the people whom you have brought out of the land of Egypt, to the land of which I swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, saying, (B)‘To your descendants I will give it.’ (C)And I will send My Angel before you, (D)and I will drive out the Canaanite and the Amorite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite. Go up (E)to a land flowing with milk and honey; for I will not go up in your midst, lest (F)I [a]consume you on the way, for you are a (G)stiff-necked[b] people.”

And when the people heard this bad news, (H)they mourned, (I)and no one put on his ornaments. For the Lord had said to Moses, “Say to the children of Israel, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. I could come up into your midst in one moment and consume you. Now therefore, take off your [c]ornaments, that I may (J)know what to do to you.’ ” So the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments by Mount Horeb.

Moses Meets with the Lord

Moses took his tent and pitched it outside the camp, far from the camp, and (K)called it the tabernacle of meeting. And it came to pass that everyone who (L)sought the Lord went out to the tabernacle of meeting which was outside the camp. So it was, whenever Moses went out to the tabernacle, that all the people rose, and each man stood (M)at his tent door and watched Moses until he had gone into the tabernacle. And it came to pass, when Moses entered the tabernacle, that the pillar of cloud descended and stood at the door of the tabernacle, and the Lord (N)talked with Moses. 10 All the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the tabernacle door, and all the people rose and (O)worshiped, each man in his tent door. 11 So (P)the Lord spoke to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. And he would return to the camp, but (Q)his servant Joshua the son of Nun, a young man, did not depart from the tabernacle.

The Promise of God’s Presence

12 Then Moses said to the Lord, “See, (R)You say to me, ‘Bring up this people.’ But You have not let me know whom You will send with me. Yet You have said, (S)‘I know you by name, and you have also found grace in My sight.’ 13 Now therefore, I pray, (T)if I have found grace in Your sight, (U)show me now Your way, that I may know You and that I may find grace in Your sight. And consider that this nation is (V)Your people.”

14 And He said, (W)“My Presence will go with you, and I will give you (X)rest.”

15 Then he said to Him, (Y)“If Your Presence does not go with us, do not bring us up from here. 16 For how then will it be known that Your people and I have found grace in Your sight, (Z)except You go with us? So we (AA)shall be separate, Your people and I, from all the people who are upon the face of the earth.”

17 So the Lord said to Moses, (AB)“I will also do this thing that you have spoken; for you have found grace in My sight, and I know you by name.”

18 And he said, “Please, show me (AC)Your glory.”

19 Then He said, “I will make all My (AD)goodness pass before you, and I will proclaim the name of the Lord before you. (AE)I will be gracious to whom I will be (AF)gracious, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.” 20 But He said, “You cannot see My face; for (AG)no man shall see Me, and live.” 21 And the Lord said, “Here is a place by Me, and you shall stand on the rock. 22 So it shall be, while My glory passes by, that I will put you (AH)in the cleft of the rock, and will (AI)cover you with My hand while I pass by. 23 Then I will take away My hand, and you shall see My back; but My face shall (AJ)not be seen.”

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 33:3 destroy
  2. Exodus 33:3 stubborn
  3. Exodus 33:5 jewelry

33 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Leave this place, you and the people you brought up out of Egypt, and go up to the land I promised on oath(A) to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, saying, ‘I will give it to your descendants.’(B) I will send an angel(C) before you and drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites.(D) Go up to the land flowing with milk and honey.(E) But I will not go with you, because you are a stiff-necked(F) people and I might destroy(G) you on the way.”

When the people heard these distressing words, they began to mourn(H) and no one put on any ornaments. For the Lord had said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites, ‘You are a stiff-necked people.(I) If I were to go with you even for a moment, I might destroy(J) you. Now take off your ornaments and I will decide what to do with you.’” So the Israelites stripped off their ornaments at Mount Horeb.(K)

The Tent of Meeting

Now Moses used to take a tent and pitch it outside the camp some distance away, calling it the “tent of meeting.”(L) Anyone inquiring(M) of the Lord would go to the tent of meeting outside the camp. And whenever Moses went out to the tent, all the people rose and stood at the entrances to their tents,(N) watching Moses until he entered the tent. As Moses went into the tent, the pillar of cloud(O) would come down and stay at the entrance, while the Lord spoke(P) with Moses. 10 Whenever the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance to the tent, they all stood and worshiped, each at the entrance to their tent.(Q) 11 The Lord would speak to Moses face to face,(R) as one speaks to a friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his young aide Joshua(S) son of Nun did not leave the tent.

Moses and the Glory of the Lord

12 Moses said to the Lord, “You have been telling me, ‘Lead these people,’(T) but you have not let me know whom you will send with me. You have said, ‘I know you by name(U) and you have found favor(V) with me.’ 13 If you are pleased with me, teach me your ways(W) so I may know you and continue to find favor with you. Remember that this nation is your people.”(X)

14 The Lord replied, “My Presence(Y) will go with you, and I will give you rest.”(Z)

15 Then Moses said to him, “If your Presence(AA) does not go with us, do not send us up from here. 16 How will anyone know that you are pleased with me and with your people unless you go with us?(AB) What else will distinguish me and your people from all the other people on the face of the earth?”(AC)

17 And the Lord said to Moses, “I will do the very thing you have asked,(AD) because I am pleased with you and I know you by name.”(AE)

18 Then Moses said, “Now show me your glory.”(AF)

19 And the Lord said, “I will cause all my goodness to pass(AG) in front of you, and I will proclaim my name,(AH) the Lord, in your presence. I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.(AI) 20 But,” he said, “you cannot see my face, for no one may see(AJ) me and live.”

21 Then the Lord said, “There is a place near me where you may stand on a rock. 22 When my glory passes by, I will put you in a cleft in the rock(AK) and cover you with my hand(AL) until I have passed by. 23 Then I will remove my hand and you will see my back; but my face must not be seen.”