Exode 18
La Bible du Semeur
La visite de Jéthro
18 Jéthro, prêtre de Madian et beau-père de Moïse, apprit tout ce que Dieu avait fait en faveur de Moïse et d’Israël son peuple, il apprit comment Dieu avait fait sortir les Israélites d’Egypte. 2 Alors il emmena Séphora[a], la femme de Moïse, que celui-ci avait précédemment laissé repartir chez elle, 3 ainsi que les deux fils de Séphora. L’aîné s’appelait Guershom (Emigré en ces lieux) parce que Moïse avait dit : « Je suis un émigré dans une terre étrangère ». 4 Il avait nommé le cadet Eliézer (Mon Dieu me secourt) en disant : « Le Dieu de mon père m’a secouru et m’a délivré de l’épée du pharaon. »
5 Jéthro se rendit donc auprès de Moïse, dans le désert, avec la femme et les fils de Moïse, près de la montagne de Dieu où Moïse avait dressé son camp. 6 Il lui fit annoncer : Moi, Jéthro, ton beau-père, je viens te rendre visite avec ta femme et tes deux fils.
7 Moïse sortit à la rencontre de son beau-père, se prosterna devant lui et l’embrassa. Ils prirent réciproquement de leurs nouvelles, puis entrèrent sous la tente. 8 Moïse raconta à son beau-père tout ce que l’Eternel avait fait au pharaon et aux Egyptiens pour délivrer Israël ; il lui parla aussi de toutes les difficultés qu’ils avaient rencontrées en chemin, et lui dit comment l’Eternel les en avait délivrés. 9 Jéthro se réjouit de tout le bien que l’Eternel avait fait à Israël qu’il avait délivré des Egyptiens.
10 – Loué soit l’Eternel, s’écria-t-il, qui vous a délivrés des Egyptiens et du pharaon, qui a libéré le peuple de la domination des Egyptiens. 11 A présent, je reconnais que l’Eternel est plus grand que tous les dieux, car il l’a montré alors qu’on tyrannisait les Israélites.
12 Puis Jéthro, beau-père de Moïse, offrit à Dieu un holocauste et des sacrifices. Aaron et tous les responsables d’Israël vinrent partager le repas sacré avec le beau-père de Moïse en présence de Dieu.
Le conseil de Jéthro
13 Le lendemain, Moïse siégea pour rendre justice au peuple. Du matin au soir, les gens se tinrent devant lui. 14 Lorsque le beau-père de Moïse vit toute la peine que celui-ci se donnait pour le peuple, il lui dit : Pourquoi agis-tu de cette façon pour traiter les affaires du peuple ? Pourquoi sièges-tu seul et pourquoi tout ce monde attend-il debout du matin au soir pour se présenter devant toi ?
15 Moïse lui répondit : C’est que les gens viennent me trouver pour consulter Dieu. 16 Lorsqu’ils ont un différend, ils viennent à moi, et je sers d’arbitre entre les parties ; je leur fais connaître les ordonnances et les lois de Dieu.
17 Le beau-père de Moïse lui dit : Ta façon de faire n’est pas bonne. 18 Tu finiras, à coup sûr, par t’épuiser – toi et le peuple qui est avec toi – car la tâche dépasse tes forces. Tu ne peux pas l’accomplir seul. 19 Maintenant écoute le conseil que je vais te donner, et que Dieu te vienne en aide. Ton rôle est de représenter le peuple auprès de Dieu et de porter les litiges devant lui. 20 Tu dois aussi leur communiquer ses ordonnances et ses lois, leur enseigner la voie à suivre et la conduite à tenir. 21 Pour le reste, choisis parmi le peuple des hommes de valeur, qui craignent Dieu, respectueux de la vérité, incorruptibles ; tu les placeras à la tête du peuple comme chefs de « milliers », chefs de « centaines », chefs de « cinquantaines » et chefs de « dizaines ». 22 Ils seront en tout temps à la disposition du peuple pour juger les affaires ordinaires et ils ne porteront devant toi que les affaires importantes, mais ils jugeront eux-mêmes les cas faciles à régler. Allège ainsi ta charge ! Qu’ils la portent avec toi ! 23 Si tu agis comme je te le conseille et que Dieu te dirige, tu pourras tenir bon et tous ces gens arriveront chez eux dans de bonnes conditions.
24 Moïse suivit le conseil de son beau-père et fit tout ce que celui-ci lui avait suggéré. 25 Il choisit dans tout Israël des hommes capables et les plaça à la tête du peuple comme chefs de « milliers », de « centaines », de « cinquantaines » et de « dizaines ». 26 Ils étaient constamment à la disposition du peuple pour rendre la justice, réglant eux-mêmes les cas faciles et portant devant Moïse les affaires difficiles. 27 Moïse prit congé de son beau-père qui reprit le chemin de son pays.
Exodus 18
New International Version
Jethro Visits Moses
18 Now Jethro,(A) the priest of Midian(B) and father-in-law of Moses, heard of everything God had done for Moses and for his people Israel, and how the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt.(C)
2 After Moses had sent away his wife Zipporah,(D) his father-in-law Jethro received her 3 and her two sons.(E) One son was named Gershom,[a] for Moses said, “I have become a foreigner in a foreign land”;(F) 4 and the other was named Eliezer,[b](G) for he said, “My father’s God was my helper;(H) he saved me from the sword of Pharaoh.”
5 Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, together with Moses’ sons and wife, came to him in the wilderness, where he was camped near the mountain(I) of God. 6 Jethro had sent word to him, “I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you with your wife and her two sons.”
7 So Moses went out to meet his father-in-law and bowed down(J) and kissed(K) him. They greeted each other and then went into the tent. 8 Moses told his father-in-law about everything the Lord had done to Pharaoh and the Egyptians for Israel’s sake and about all the hardships(L) they had met along the way and how the Lord had saved(M) them.
9 Jethro was delighted to hear about all the good things(N) the Lord had done for Israel in rescuing them from the hand of the Egyptians. 10 He said, “Praise be to the Lord,(O) who rescued you from the hand of the Egyptians and of Pharaoh, and who rescued the people from the hand of the Egyptians. 11 Now I know that the Lord is greater than all other gods,(P) for he did this to those who had treated Israel arrogantly.”(Q) 12 Then Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law,(R) brought a burnt offering(S) and other sacrifices(T) to God, and Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to eat a meal(U) with Moses’ father-in-law in the presence(V) of God.
13 The next day Moses took his seat to serve as judge for the people, and they stood around him from morning till evening. 14 When his father-in-law saw all that Moses was doing for the people, he said, “What is this you are doing for the people? Why do you alone sit as judge, while all these people stand around you from morning till evening?”
15 Moses answered him, “Because the people come to me to seek God’s will.(W) 16 Whenever they have a dispute,(X) it is brought to me, and I decide between the parties and inform them of God’s decrees and instructions.”(Y)
17 Moses’ father-in-law replied, “What you are doing is not good. 18 You and these people who come to you will only wear yourselves out. The work is too heavy for you; you cannot handle it alone.(Z) 19 Listen now to me and I will give you some advice, and may God be with you.(AA) You must be the people’s representative before God and bring their disputes(AB) to him. 20 Teach them his decrees and instructions,(AC) and show them the way they are to live(AD) and how they are to behave.(AE) 21 But select capable men(AF) from all the people—men who fear(AG) God, trustworthy men who hate dishonest gain(AH)—and appoint them as officials(AI) over thousands, hundreds, fifties and tens. 22 Have them serve as judges for the people at all times, but have them bring every difficult case(AJ) to you; the simple cases they can decide themselves. That will make your load lighter, because they will share(AK) it with you. 23 If you do this and God so commands, you will be able to stand the strain, and all these people will go home satisfied.”
24 Moses listened to his father-in-law and did everything he said. 25 He chose capable men from all Israel and made them leaders(AL) of the people, officials over thousands, hundreds, fifties and tens.(AM) 26 They served as judges(AN) for the people at all times. The difficult cases(AO) they brought to Moses, but the simple ones they decided themselves.(AP)
27 Then Moses sent his father-in-law on his way, and Jethro returned to his own country.(AQ)
Footnotes
- Exodus 18:3 Gershom sounds like the Hebrew for a foreigner there.
- Exodus 18:4 Eliezer means my God is helper.
Exodus 18
Young's Literal Translation
18 And Jethro priest of Midian, father-in-law of Moses, heareth all that God hath done for Moses, and for Israel his people, that Jehovah hath brought out Israel from Egypt,
2 and Jethro, father-in-law of Moses, taketh Zipporah, wife of Moses, besides her parents,
3 and her two sons, of whom the name of the one [is] Gershom, for he said, `a sojourner I have been in a strange land:'
4 and the name of the other [is] Eliezer, for, `the God of my father [is] for my help, and doth deliver me from the sword of Pharaoh.'
5 And Jethro, father-in-law of Moses, cometh, and his sons, and his wife, unto Moses, unto the wilderness where he is encamping -- the mount of God;
6 and he saith unto Moses, `I, thy father-in-law, Jethro, am coming unto thee, and thy wife, and her two sons with her.'
7 And Moses goeth out to meet his father-in-law, and boweth himself, and kisseth him, and they ask one at another of welfare, and come into the tent;
8 and Moses recounteth to his father-in-law all that Jehovah hath done to Pharaoh, and to the Egyptians, on account of Israel, all the travail which hath found them in the way, and Jehovah doth deliver them.
9 And Jethro rejoiceth for all the good which Jehovah hath done to Israel, whom He hath delivered from the hand of the Egyptians;
10 and Jethro saith, `Blessed [is] Jehovah, who hath delivered you from the hand of the Egyptians, and from the hand of Pharaoh -- who hath delivered this people from under the hand of the Egyptians;
11 now I have known that Jehovah [is] greater than all the gods, for in the thing they have acted proudly -- [He is] above them!'
12 And Jethro, father-in-law of Moses, taketh a burnt-offering and sacrifices for God; and Aaron cometh in, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with the father-in-law of Moses, before God.
13 And it cometh to pass on the morrow, that Moses sitteth to judge the people, and the people stand before Moses, from the morning unto the evening;
14 and the father-in-law of Moses seeth all that he is doing to the people, and saith, `What [is] this thing which thou art doing to the people? wherefore art thou sitting by thyself, and all the people standing by thee from morning till evening?'
15 And Moses saith to his father-in-law, `Because the people come unto me to seek God;
16 when they have a matter, it hath come unto me, and I have judged between a man and his neighbour, and made known the statutes of God, and His laws.'
17 And the father-in-law of Moses saith unto him, `The thing which thou art doing [is] not good;
18 thou dost surely wear away, both thou, and this people which [is] with thee, for the thing is too heavy for thee, thou art not able to do it by thyself.
19 `Now, hearken to my voice, I counsel thee, and God is with thee: be thou for the people over-against God, and thou hast brought in the things unto God;
20 and thou hast warned them [concerning] the statutes and the laws, and hast made known to them the way in which they go, and the work which they do.
21 `And thou -- thou dost provide out of all the people men of ability, fearing God, men of truth, hating dishonest gain, and hast placed [these] over them, heads of thousands, heads of hundreds, heads of fifties, and heads of tens,
22 and they have judged the people at all times; and it hath come to pass, every great matter they bring in unto thee, and every small matter they judge themselves; and lighten it from off thyself, and they have borne with thee.
23 If thou dost this thing, and God hath commanded thee, then thou hast been able to stand, and all this people also goeth in unto its place in peace.'
24 And Moses hearkeneth to the voice of his father-in-law, and doth all that he said,
25 and Moses chooseth men of ability out of all Israel, and maketh them chiefs over the people, heads of thousands, heads of hundreds, heads of fifties, and heads of tens,
26 and they have judged the people at all times; the hard matter they bring in unto Moses, and every small matter they judge themselves.
27 And Moses sendeth his father-in-law away, and he goeth away unto his own land.
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