La visite de Jéthro

18 Jéthro, prêtre de Madian et beau-père de Moïse, apprit tout ce que Dieu avait fait en faveur de Moïse et d’Israël son peuple, il apprit comment Dieu avait fait sortir les Israélites d’Egypte. Alors il emmena Séphora[a], la femme de Moïse, que celui-ci avait précédemment laissé repartir chez elle, ainsi que les deux fils de Séphora. L’aîné s’appelait Guershom (Emigré en ces lieux) parce que Moïse avait dit : « Je suis un émigré dans une terre étrangère ». Il avait nommé le cadet Eliézer (Mon Dieu me secourt) en disant : « Le Dieu de mon père m’a secouru et m’a délivré de l’épée du pharaon. »

Jéthro se rendit donc auprès de Moïse, dans le désert, avec la femme et les fils de Moïse, près de la montagne de Dieu où Moïse avait dressé son camp. Il lui fit annoncer : Moi, Jéthro, ton beau-père, je viens te rendre visite avec ta femme et tes deux fils.

Moïse sortit à la rencontre de son beau-père, se prosterna devant lui et l’embrassa. Ils prirent réciproquement de leurs nouvelles, puis entrèrent sous la tente. Moïse raconta à son beau-père tout ce que l’Eternel avait fait au pharaon et aux Egyptiens pour délivrer Israël ; il lui parla aussi de toutes les difficultés qu’ils avaient rencontrées en chemin, et lui dit comment l’Eternel les en avait délivrés. Jéthro se réjouit de tout le bien que l’Eternel avait fait à Israël qu’il avait délivré des Egyptiens.

10 – Loué soit l’Eternel, s’écria-t-il, qui vous a délivrés des Egyptiens et du pharaon, qui a libéré le peuple de la domination des Egyptiens. 11 A présent, je reconnais que l’Eternel est plus grand que tous les dieux, car il l’a montré alors qu’on tyrannisait les Israélites.

12 Puis Jéthro, beau-père de Moïse, offrit à Dieu un holocauste et des sacrifices. Aaron et tous les responsables d’Israël vinrent partager le repas sacré avec le beau-père de Moïse en présence de Dieu.

Le conseil de Jéthro

13 Le lendemain, Moïse siégea pour rendre justice au peuple. Du matin au soir, les gens se tinrent devant lui. 14 Lorsque le beau-père de Moïse vit toute la peine que celui-ci se donnait pour le peuple, il lui dit : Pourquoi agis-tu de cette façon pour traiter les affaires du peuple ? Pourquoi sièges-tu seul et pourquoi tout ce monde attend-il debout du matin au soir pour se présenter devant toi ?

15 Moïse lui répondit : C’est que les gens viennent me trouver pour consulter Dieu. 16 Lorsqu’ils ont un différend, ils viennent à moi, et je sers d’arbitre entre les parties ; je leur fais connaître les ordonnances et les lois de Dieu.

17 Le beau-père de Moïse lui dit : Ta façon de faire n’est pas bonne. 18 Tu finiras, à coup sûr, par t’épuiser – toi et le peuple qui est avec toi – car la tâche dépasse tes forces. Tu ne peux pas l’accomplir seul. 19 Maintenant écoute le conseil que je vais te donner, et que Dieu te vienne en aide. Ton rôle est de représenter le peuple auprès de Dieu et de porter les litiges devant lui. 20 Tu dois aussi leur communiquer ses ordonnances et ses lois, leur enseigner la voie à suivre et la conduite à tenir. 21 Pour le reste, choisis parmi le peuple des hommes de valeur, qui craignent Dieu, respectueux de la vérité, incorruptibles ; tu les placeras à la tête du peuple comme chefs de « milliers », chefs de « centaines », chefs de « cinquantaines » et chefs de « dizaines ». 22 Ils seront en tout temps à la disposition du peuple pour juger les affaires ordinaires et ils ne porteront devant toi que les affaires importantes, mais ils jugeront eux-mêmes les cas faciles à régler. Allège ainsi ta charge ! Qu’ils la portent avec toi ! 23 Si tu agis comme je te le conseille et que Dieu te dirige, tu pourras tenir bon et tous ces gens arriveront chez eux dans de bonnes conditions.

24 Moïse suivit le conseil de son beau-père et fit tout ce que celui-ci lui avait suggéré. 25 Il choisit dans tout Israël des hommes capables et les plaça à la tête du peuple comme chefs de « milliers », de « centaines », de « cinquantaines » et de « dizaines ». 26 Ils étaient constamment à la disposition du peuple pour rendre la justice, réglant eux-mêmes les cas faciles et portant devant Moïse les affaires difficiles. 27 Moïse prit congé de son beau-père qui reprit le chemin de son pays.

Footnotes

  1. 18.2 Séphora avait suivi son mari en Egypte (4.24-26) mais celui-ci a peut-être voulu la mettre à l’abri durant sa lutte avec le pharaon. D’autres pensent qu’elle venait de rentrer chez son père avec la nouvelle de la délivrance d’Israël (v. 1).

Jethro Visits Moses

18 Now Jethro,(A) the priest of Midian(B) and father-in-law of Moses, heard of everything God had done for Moses and for his people Israel, and how the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt.(C)

After Moses had sent away his wife Zipporah,(D) his father-in-law Jethro received her and her two sons.(E) One son was named Gershom,[a] for Moses said, “I have become a foreigner in a foreign land”;(F) and the other was named Eliezer,[b](G) for he said, “My father’s God was my helper;(H) he saved me from the sword of Pharaoh.”

Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, together with Moses’ sons and wife, came to him in the wilderness, where he was camped near the mountain(I) of God. Jethro had sent word to him, “I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you with your wife and her two sons.”

So Moses went out to meet his father-in-law and bowed down(J) and kissed(K) him. They greeted each other and then went into the tent. Moses told his father-in-law about everything the Lord had done to Pharaoh and the Egyptians for Israel’s sake and about all the hardships(L) they had met along the way and how the Lord had saved(M) them.

Jethro was delighted to hear about all the good things(N) the Lord had done for Israel in rescuing them from the hand of the Egyptians. 10 He said, “Praise be to the Lord,(O) who rescued you from the hand of the Egyptians and of Pharaoh, and who rescued the people from the hand of the Egyptians. 11 Now I know that the Lord is greater than all other gods,(P) for he did this to those who had treated Israel arrogantly.”(Q) 12 Then Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law,(R) brought a burnt offering(S) and other sacrifices(T) to God, and Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to eat a meal(U) with Moses’ father-in-law in the presence(V) of God.

13 The next day Moses took his seat to serve as judge for the people, and they stood around him from morning till evening. 14 When his father-in-law saw all that Moses was doing for the people, he said, “What is this you are doing for the people? Why do you alone sit as judge, while all these people stand around you from morning till evening?”

15 Moses answered him, “Because the people come to me to seek God’s will.(W) 16 Whenever they have a dispute,(X) it is brought to me, and I decide between the parties and inform them of God’s decrees and instructions.”(Y)

17 Moses’ father-in-law replied, “What you are doing is not good. 18 You and these people who come to you will only wear yourselves out. The work is too heavy for you; you cannot handle it alone.(Z) 19 Listen now to me and I will give you some advice, and may God be with you.(AA) You must be the people’s representative before God and bring their disputes(AB) to him. 20 Teach them his decrees and instructions,(AC) and show them the way they are to live(AD) and how they are to behave.(AE) 21 But select capable men(AF) from all the people—men who fear(AG) God, trustworthy men who hate dishonest gain(AH)—and appoint them as officials(AI) over thousands, hundreds, fifties and tens. 22 Have them serve as judges for the people at all times, but have them bring every difficult case(AJ) to you; the simple cases they can decide themselves. That will make your load lighter, because they will share(AK) it with you. 23 If you do this and God so commands, you will be able to stand the strain, and all these people will go home satisfied.”

24 Moses listened to his father-in-law and did everything he said. 25 He chose capable men from all Israel and made them leaders(AL) of the people, officials over thousands, hundreds, fifties and tens.(AM) 26 They served as judges(AN) for the people at all times. The difficult cases(AO) they brought to Moses, but the simple ones they decided themselves.(AP)

27 Then Moses sent his father-in-law on his way, and Jethro returned to his own country.(AQ)

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 18:3 Gershom sounds like the Hebrew for a foreigner there.
  2. Exodus 18:4 Eliezer means my God is helper.
'Exodus 18 ' not found for the version: Worldwide English (New Testament).

Jethro’s Advice(A)

18 And (B)Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard of all that (C)God had done for Moses and for Israel His people—that the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt. Then Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, took (D)Zipporah, Moses’ wife, after he had sent her back, with her (E)two sons, of whom the name of one was [a]Gershom (for he said, (F)“I have been a [b]stranger in a foreign land”) and the name of the other was [c]Eliezer (for he said, “The God of my father was my (G)help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh”); and Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, came with his sons and his wife to Moses in the wilderness, where he was encamped at (H)the mountain of God. Now he had said to Moses, “I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you with your wife and her two sons with her.”

So Moses (I)went out to meet his father-in-law, bowed down, and (J)kissed him. And they asked each other about their well-being, and they went into the tent. And Moses told his father-in-law all that the Lord had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel’s sake, all the hardship that had come upon them on the way, and how the Lord had (K)delivered them. Then Jethro rejoiced for all the (L)good which the Lord had done for Israel, whom He had delivered out of the hand of the Egyptians. 10 And Jethro said, (M)“Blessed be the Lord, who has delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians and out of the hand of Pharaoh, and who has delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians. 11 Now I know that the Lord is (N)greater than all the gods; (O)for in the very thing in which they [d]behaved (P)proudly, He was above them.” 12 Then Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, [e]took a burnt (Q)offering and other sacrifices to offer to God. And Aaron came with all the elders of Israel (R)to eat bread with Moses’ father-in-law before God.

13 And so it was, on the next day, that Moses (S)sat to judge the people; and the people stood before Moses from morning until evening. 14 So when Moses’ father-in-law saw all that he did for the people, he said, “What is this thing that you are doing for the people? Why do you alone [f]sit, and all the people stand before you from morning until evening?”

15 And Moses said to his father-in-law, “Because (T)the people come to me to inquire of God. 16 When they have (U)a [g]difficulty, they come to me, and I judge between one and another; and I make known the statutes of God and His laws.”

17 So Moses’ father-in-law said to him, “The thing that you do is not good. 18 Both you and these people who are with you will surely wear yourselves out. For this thing is too much for you; (V)you are not able to perform it by yourself. 19 Listen now to my voice; I will give you [h]counsel, and God will be with you: Stand (W)before God for the people, so that you may (X)bring the difficulties to God. 20 And you shall (Y)teach them the statutes and the laws, and show them the way in which they must walk and (Z)the work they must do. 21 Moreover you shall select from all the people (AA)able men, such as (AB)fear God, (AC)men of truth, (AD)hating covetousness; and place such over them to be rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. 22 And let them judge the people at all times. (AE)Then it will be that every great matter they shall bring to you, but every small matter they themselves shall judge. So it will be easier for you, for (AF)they will bear the burden with you. 23 If you do this thing, and God so commands you, then you will be able to endure, and all this people will also go to their (AG)place in peace.”

24 So Moses heeded the voice of his father-in-law and did all that he had said. 25 And (AH)Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people: rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. 26 So they judged the people at all times; the (AI)hard[i] cases they brought to Moses, but they judged every small case themselves.

27 Then Moses let his father-in-law depart, and (AJ)he went his way to his own land.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 18:3 Lit. Stranger There
  2. Exodus 18:3 sojourner, temporary resident
  3. Exodus 18:4 Lit. My God Is Help
  4. Exodus 18:11 acted presumptuously
  5. Exodus 18:12 So with MT, LXX; Syr., Tg., Vg. offered
  6. Exodus 18:14 Sit as judge
  7. Exodus 18:16 dispute
  8. Exodus 18:19 advice
  9. Exodus 18:26 difficult matters