The Burden of Folly

10 Dead flies make a perfumer’s oil ferment and stink;(A)
so a little folly outweighs wisdom and honor.
A wise person’s heart goes to the[a] right,
but a fool’s heart to the left.
Even when the fool walks along the road, his heart lacks sense,
and he shows everyone he is a fool.(B)
If the ruler’s anger rises against you, don’t leave your post,(C)
for calmness puts great offenses to rest.(D)

There is an evil I have seen under the sun, an error proceeding from the presence of the ruler:

The fool is appointed to great heights,(E)
but the rich remain in lowly positions.
I have seen slaves on horses,(F)
but princes walking on the ground like slaves.(G)

The one who digs a pit may fall into it,(H)
and the one who breaks through a wall may be bitten by a snake.(I)
The one who quarries stones may be hurt by them;
the one who splits logs may be endangered by them.
10 If the ax is dull, and one does not sharpen its edge,
then one must exert more strength;
however, the advantage of wisdom is that it brings success.
11 If the snake bites before it is charmed,(J)
then there is no advantage for the charmer.[b]
12 The words from the mouth of a wise person are gracious,(K)
but the lips of a fool consume him.(L)
13 The beginning of the words from his mouth is folly,
but the end of his speaking is evil madness;
14 yet the fool multiplies words.
No one knows what will happen,
and who can tell anyone what will happen after him?(M)
15 The struggles of fools weary them,
for they don’t know how to go to the city.
16 Woe to you, land, when your king is a youth(N)
and your princes feast in the morning.
17 Blessed are you, land, when your king is a son of nobles
and your princes feast at the proper time—
for strength and not for drunkenness.(O)
18 Because of laziness the roof caves in,
and because of negligent hands the house leaks.
19 A feast is prepared for laughter,
and wine makes life happy,(P)
and money[c] is the answer for everything.(Q)
20 Do not curse the king even in your thoughts,(R)
and do not curse a rich person even in your bedroom,(S)
for a bird of the sky may carry the message,
and a winged creature may report the matter.

Invest in Life

11 Send your bread on the surface of the water,(T)
for after many days you may find it.
Give a portion to seven or even to eight,(U)
for you don’t know what disaster may happen on earth.
If the clouds are full, they will pour out rain on the earth;
whether a tree falls to the south or the north,
the place where the tree falls, there it will lie.
One who watches the wind will not sow,
and the one who looks at the clouds will not reap.
Just as you don’t know the path of the wind,
or how bones develop in[d] the womb of a pregnant woman,
so also you don’t know the work of God who makes everything.(V)
In the morning sow your seed,
and at evening do not let your hand rest,
because you don’t know which will succeed,
whether one or the other,
or if both of them will be equally good.
Light is sweet,
and it is pleasing for the eyes to see the sun.(W)
Indeed, if someone lives many years,
let him rejoice in them all,
and let him remember the days of darkness,(X) since they will be many.
All that comes is futile.
Rejoice, young person, while you are young,
and let your heart be glad in the days of your youth.
And walk in the ways of your heart
and in the desire of your eyes;(Y)
but know that for all of these things God will bring you to judgment.
10 Remove sorrow from your heart,
and put away pain from your flesh,(Z)
because youth and the prime of life are fleeting.

The Twilight of Life

12 So remember your Creator in the days of your youth:

Before the days of adversity come,
and the years approach when you will say,(AA)
“I have no delight in them”;
before the sun and the light are darkened,(AB)
and the moon and the stars,
and the clouds return after[e] the rain;
on the day when the guardians of the house tremble,
and the strong men stoop,
the women who grind grain cease because they are few,
and the ones who watch through the windows see dimly,(AC)
the doors at the street are shut
while the sound of the mill fades;(AD)
when one rises at the sound of a bird,
and all the daughters of song grow faint.
Also, they are afraid of heights and dangers on the road;
the almond tree blossoms,
the grasshopper loses its spring,[f]
and the caper berry has no effect;
for the mere mortal is headed to his eternal home,(AE)
and mourners will walk around in the street;(AF)
before the silver cord is snapped,[g]
and the gold bowl is broken,(AG)
and the jar is shattered at the spring,
and the wheel is broken into the well;
and the dust returns to the earth as it once was,
and the spirit returns to God who gave it.(AH)

“Absolute futility,” says the Teacher. “Everything is futile.”(AI)

The Teacher’s Objectives and Conclusion

In addition to the Teacher being a wise man, he constantly taught the people knowledge; he weighed, explored, and arranged many proverbs.(AJ) 10 The Teacher sought to find delightful sayings and write words of truth accurately. 11 The sayings of the wise are like cattle prods,(AK) and those from masters of collections are like firmly embedded nails.(AL) The sayings are given by one Shepherd.[h]

12 But beyond these, my son, be warned: there is no end to the making of many books,(AM) and much study wearies the body.(AN) 13 When all has been heard, the conclusion of the matter is this: fear God(AO) and keep his commands, because this is for all[i] humanity.(AP) 14 For God will bring every act to judgment,(AQ) including every hidden thing, whether good or evil.

Footnotes

  1. 10:2 Lit his
  2. 10:11 Lit master of the tongue
  3. 10:19 Lit silver
  4. 11:5 Or know how the life-breath comes to the bones in
  5. 12:2 Or with
  6. 12:5 Or grasshopper is weighed down, or grasshopper drags itself along
  7. 12:6 Alt Hb tradition reads removed
  8. 12:11 Or by a shepherd
  9. 12:13 Or is the whole duty of

Fulfill Your Ministry

I solemnly charge you before God and Christ Jesus, who is going to judge(A) the living and the dead,(B) and because of his appearing and his kingdom:(C) Preach the word; be ready in season and out of season; correct, rebuke, and encourage with great patience and teaching. For the time will come when people will not tolerate sound doctrine,(D) but according to their own desires, will multiply teachers for themselves because they have an itch to hear what they want to hear. They will turn away from hearing the truth and will turn aside to myths.(E) But as for you, exercise self-control in everything, endure hardship, do the work of an evangelist,(F) fulfill your ministry.

For I am already being poured out as a drink offering,(G) and the time for my departure is close. I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. There is reserved for me the crown(H) of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge,(I) will give me on that day, and not only to me, but to all those who have loved his appearing.[a](J)

Final Instructions

Make every effort to come to me soon,(K) 10 because Demas(L) has deserted me,(M) since he loved this present world, and has gone to Thessalonica.(N) Crescens has gone to Galatia,(O) Titus(P) to Dalmatia. 11 Only Luke(Q) is with me. Bring Mark(R) with you, for he is useful to me in the ministry. 12 I have sent Tychicus(S) to Ephesus. 13 When you come, bring the cloak I left in Troas(T) with Carpus, as well as the scrolls, especially the parchments. 14 Alexander(U) the coppersmith did great harm to me. The Lord will repay him according to his works. 15 Watch out(V) for him yourself because he strongly opposed our words.

16 At my first defense, no one stood by me, but everyone deserted me.(W) May it not be counted against them. 17 But the Lord stood with me and strengthened me, so that I might fully preach the word and all the Gentiles might hear it. So I was rescued from the lion’s mouth. 18 The Lord will rescue me from every evil work and will bring me safely into his heavenly kingdom.(X) To him be the glory forever and ever! Amen.

Benediction

19 Greet Prisca and Aquila,(Y) and the household of Onesiphorus.(Z) 20 Erastus(AA) has remained at Corinth; I left Trophimus(AB) sick at Miletus.(AC) 21 Make every effort to come before winter. Eubulus greets you, as do Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers and sisters.

22 The Lord be with your spirit. Grace be with you all.

Footnotes

  1. 4:8 Or have longed for his appearing

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