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The Deuteronomic Code[a]

Chapter 12

One Place of Worship.[b] These are the statutes and the decrees that you must be careful to observe in the land that the Lord, the God of your fathers, has given you as an inheritance for the whole time that you live upon the earth. You must totally destroy all the places where the nations that you shall dispossess served their gods, whether they be on the high mountains or upon the hills or under every green tree. You are to overturn their altars and break their sacred pillars. You must burn their wooden idols in fires, you must cut down their carved idols and obliterate their names from that place. This is not the way that you are to worship the Lord, your God.

You are to seek out the place that the Lord, your God, has chosen from among all the tribes to be where you shall place his name and establish his dwelling. This is where you are to go to bring your burnt offering, your sacrifices, your tithes, your wave offerings, what you have vowed to give as a freewill offering, and the firstborn from your herds and flocks. There you and your families will eat before the Lord, your God, and you shall rejoice at everything you have put your hand to, for the Lord, your God, will have blessed you. You are not to do things the way we do them today, that each person does as he sees fit, for you have not yet come to your resting place, the inheritance that the Lord, your God, is giving you. 10 But when you cross the Jordan and live in the land that the Lord, your God, is giving to you as an inheritance, a place where he will give you peace from all the enemies who surround you so that you can live in safety, 11 then you shall bring everything that I command you to the place that the Lord, your God, will have chosen for the dwelling place of his name: your burnt offerings, your sacrifices, your tithes, your wave offerings, and all of your choice vow offerings that you have vowed onto the Lord. 12 You and your sons and daughters, your menservants and your maidservants, and the Levite who lives in your town (for he has no claim to your inheritance) will rejoice before the Lord, your God.

13 Make sure that you do not offer burnt offerings any place you might happen to see, 14 but you are to offer burnt offerings in the place that the Lord will choose in one of your tribes. There you are to fulfill all that I command you to do.

15 Permissible Slaughter. Nevertheless, you can slaughter animals and eat meat within your town gates with the blessing that the Lord, your God, gives you, as much as you desire. The clean and the unclean may eat of it, the gazelle and the roebuck alike. 16 Only you are not to consume its blood; you are to pour it on the ground as if it were water.[c]

17 You are not to eat the following things within your town gates: the tithe of the grain, wine, and oil, the firstborn of the herds or flocks, any of the vow offerings you have offered with a vow, any freewill offering and any wave offering. 18 You are to eat these before the Lord, your God, in the place that the Lord, your God, will have chosen, you and your son and your daughter, your manservant and your maidservant, and the Levite who lives in your town. You are to rejoice before the Lord, your God, in all of your undertakings.

19 Take heed not to forsake the Levite for as long as you live in the land. 20 When the Lord, your God, enlarges your boundaries, as he has promised that he will do, and you say to yourself, “I am going to eat some meat,”[d] because you feel like eating some meat, you can eat as much meat as you desire.

21 If the place that the Lord, your God, will have chosen to put his name is too far from where you are living, you can kill any animal from the herd or the flock that the Lord has given you, just as I have instructed you. You can eat as much as you want of it within your town gates. 22 You can eat them like you would eat the gazelle or the roebuck. Both the unclean and the clean can eat of it. 23 Only be careful that you do not consume the blood, for the blood is its life. You are not to eat the life with the meat. 24 You are not to consume the blood; you are to pour it on the ground as if it were water. 25 You are not to eat it, so that things may turn out well for you and your children after you, for you will be doing the right thing from the Lord’s point of view.

26 Take your consecrated things and whatever you have vowed to give, and go to the place that the Lord has chosen. 27 Present your burnt offerings, both the meat and the blood, on the altar of the Lord, your God. You are to pour the blood out on the altar of the Lord, your God, but you can eat the meat. 28 Take heed to observe all of the things that I have commanded you, that things may go well with you and your children forever, when you do what is right and good in the sight of the Lord, your God. 29 The Lord, your God, will cut down the nations of the place where you are going before you so that you can dispossess them. When you take their place and settle in their land 30 and they have been destroyed before you, be careful not to be ensnared by asking questions about their gods such as, “How did these nations serve their gods? We should do the same thing as they did.” 31 You shall not do these things to the Lord, your God. They have worshiped their gods with every kind of abomination that the Lord hates. They have even offered their sons and daughters as burnt sacrifices to their gods.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 12:1 By means of its liturgy the people of God seek to establish a lifegiving relationship with God. Deuteronomy does not mean to suppress all other liturgical activity; the point is that worship must express the faith of the entire people. It is enough that any deviations be avoided and that every trace of pagan practices be rejected.
  2. Deuteronomy 12:1 In the sanctuaries that had been built in various parts of the country the ceremonies were often contaminated by the Canaanite religion. To get rid of these pagan deviations and to strengthen the religious and political unity of the people, Deuteronomy requires the suppression of these sanctuaries, some of which had played an important role in Israel’s past, even though they had originally been pagan. This centralization of worship in the place determined by God, namely, the Jerusalem temple, goes back probably to the time of the great reform of King Josiah at the end of the seventh century (2 Ki 22–23), but it is here attributed to Moses, who had inspired Israel’s life of worship. As a result of this centralization, certain everyday actions such as the slaughtering of animals, which had hitherto been done at the sanctuaries, would be done by each individual at home and would therefore no longer have a sacral character (Deut 12:15).
  3. Deuteronomy 12:16 Blood is life and belongs to God (see v. 23; Gen 9:4).
  4. Deuteronomy 12:20 Eat some meat: this indicates the freedom to choose to eat meat when the people entered Canaan instead of only the manna they were forced to eat in the wilderness.

合宜的敬拜

12 「只要你們生活在你們祖先的上帝耶和華賜給你們的土地上,就要謹遵以下律例和典章。

「你們趕走那裡的列邦後,要徹底摧毀他們在高山上、丘陵上、綠樹下供奉其神明的地方。 你們要拆毀他們的祭壇,打碎他們的神柱,焚燒他們的亞舍拉神像,砍倒他們的偶像,使它們的名字從那裡消失。 你們不可按照他們的方式敬拜你們的上帝耶和華。 你們的上帝耶和華要在你們眾支派中選一個地方作祂的居所,你們要去那裡敬拜祂, 把你們的燔祭及其他祭物、十一奉獻、舉祭、還願祭、自願獻的祭和頭生的牛羊帶到那裡。 你們和家人要在那裡,在你們的上帝耶和華面前吃喝;要為你們所做的一切蒙祂賜福而歡喜快樂。

「你們不可再像今日這樣各行其是, 因為到如今你們還沒有進入你們的上帝耶和華賜給你們作產業的安歇之地。 10 但不久你們將渡過約旦河,定居在那片土地上。耶和華將使你們四境太平,安然居住, 11 你們要把我吩咐你們獻的燔祭、各種牲祭、十一奉獻、舉祭和一切還願祭帶到你們的上帝耶和華選定的敬拜場所。 12 在那裡,你們和兒女、僕婢及同城中沒有分到土地作產業的利未人,要一起在你們的上帝耶和華面前歡喜快樂。 13 你們不可隨處向耶和華獻燔祭。 14 耶和華會在你們的一個支派中選定敬拜的場所,你們只可以在那裡獻燔祭,做我吩咐你們的一切事。

15 「你們可以隨時在居住的各城宰殺牲畜吃,享受你們的上帝耶和華所賜的福,像吃羚羊和鹿一樣。潔淨的人和不潔淨的人都可以吃。 16 但你們不可吃血。要把血倒在地上,像倒水一樣。 17 不可在你們的城裡吃十一奉獻的穀物、新酒和油、頭生的牛羊、還願祭、自願獻的祭和舉祭; 18 要在你們的上帝耶和華選定的地方,與兒女、僕婢及同城的利未人一起在耶和華面前吃。要為你們所做的一切,在你們的上帝耶和華面前歡喜快樂。 19 切記,只要你們還住在自己的土地上,就不可忘記利未人。

20 「你們的上帝耶和華按照祂的應許擴展你們的疆域後,你們若想吃肉,隨時都可以吃。 21 如果你們的上帝耶和華選定的敬拜場所離你們太遠,你們可以在自己的城裡,按照我的吩咐,隨時宰殺耶和華賜給你們的牛羊吃, 22 就像你們吃羚羊和鹿一樣。潔淨的人和不潔淨的人都可以吃。 23 但你們不可吃血,因為血就是生命;你們不可把生命和肉一起吃, 24 要把血倒在地上,像倒水一樣。 25 你們要做耶和華視為正的事——不可吃血,以便你們及子孫凡事順利。 26 你們要把聖物和還願祭帶到耶和華選定的地方。 27 你們要在你們的上帝耶和華的祭壇上獻燔祭,連肉帶血都要獻上。要把其他祭牲的血倒在壇上,但可以吃祭肉。 28 你們要認真聽從我給你們的這些吩咐,做你們的上帝耶和華視為正與善的事,以便你們及子孫凡事順利,直到永遠。

29 「你們的上帝耶和華將為你們剷除列國。你們要趕走他們,住在他們的土地上。 30 那時,你們要謹慎,不可受誘惑去效法他們的習俗,不可打聽他們神明的事,說,『這些民族怎樣供奉他們的神明呢?我也要效法。』 31 你們不可按照他們的方式敬拜你們的上帝耶和華。他們祭拜自己神明的種種行為令耶和華憎惡,他們甚至焚燒自己的兒女獻給他們的神明。

32 「你們要謹遵我的一切吩咐,不可增添,也不可刪減。