Deuteronomio 1
La Palabra (Hispanoamérica)
I.— PRIMER DISCURSO DE MOISÉS (1,1—4,43)
Introducción histórica
1 Estas son las palabras que Moisés comunicó a todo Israel, al otro lado del Jordán, en el desierto, en la Arabá, frente a Suf, entre Parán, Tofel, Labán, Jaserot y Di Zahab. 2 Desde el monte Horeb hasta Cadés Barnea hay once jornadas de camino, por la ruta de la montaña de Seír. 3 El día primero del undécimo mes, en el año cuarenta, Moisés comunicó a los israelitas todo lo que el Señor le había encomendado que les dijese, 4 después de haber derrotado a Sijón, rey de los amorreos, que residía en Jesbón, y a Og, rey de Basán, que residía en Astarot y Edreí.
5 Al otro lado del Jordán, en tierra de Moab, comenzó Moisés a promulgar esta ley, diciendo:
Dios da la orden de partida
6 El Señor, nuestro Dios, nos dijo esto en el Horeb:
— ¡Ya llevan mucho tiempo en estas montañas! 7 Desmonten, pues, el campamento y pónganse en marcha; diríjanse a las montañas de los amorreos y a todas sus zonas vecinas: la Arabá, la Montaña, la Sefela, el Négueb y el litoral. Sigan por la tierra de los cananeos hasta llegar al Líbano y al río grande: el río Éufrates. 8 ¡Miren! Yo les he entregado el país; ahora entren y tomen posesión de la tierra que el Señor les prometió según juró a sus antepasados, Abrahán, Isaac y Jacob, y a sus descendientes.
Nombramiento de jueces (Ex 18,13-27)
9 En aquella ocasión les dije: “Yo solo no doy abasto con todos ustedes, 10 porque el Señor su Dios, los ha multiplicado de tal manera que son tan numerosos como las estrellas del cielo. 11 ¡Que el Señor, el Dios de sus antepasados, los haga mil veces más numerosos todavía y los bendiga como les ha prometido! 12 Pero, ¿cómo podré yo solo sobrellevar sus cargas, sus disputas y pleitos? 13 Elijan de cada tribu hombres experimentados, que sean conocidos por su sabiduría y prudencia y yo los pondré al frente de ustedes”.
14 Ustedes me respondieron: “Estamos de acuerdo con lo que nos propones”. 15 Entonces elegí de entre los jefes de las tribus a algunos hombres sabios y experimentados, y les di autoridad sobre ustedes. A unos los puse a cargo de grupos de mil hombres; a otros, a cargo de cien; a otros, de cincuenta; a otros, de diez, y a otros los nombré oficiales responsables de cada tribu. 16 Al mismo tiempo, di a los jueces estas normas: “Escuchen a sus hermanos y administren justicia cuando tengan pleitos entre ellos o con extranjeros. 17 No sean parciales en las sentencias; consideren de igual manera la causa de los débiles y la de los poderosos; no se dejen intimidar por nadie, porque el juicio es de Dios. Y si el asunto les sobrepasa, pásenmelo a mí para que yo lo atienda”.
18 Yo les indiqué entonces todo lo que debían hacer.
Misión de los doce espías (Nm 13,1—14,4)
19 Así, pues, dejamos el Horeb y recorrimos todo ese inmenso y espantoso desierto que ustedes han visto, camino de las montañas de los amorreos, hasta que llegamos a Cadés Barnea, como el Señor nuestro Dios nos había mandado. 20 Entonces les dije: “Ya han llegado a las montañas de los amorreos, que el Señor nuestro Dios nos da. 21 El Señor tu Dios te entrega esta tierra: ¡Adelante, pues!, toma posesión de ella tal como te ha dicho el Señor, el Dios de tus antepasados. No temas ni te acobardes”. 22 Pero todos ustedes vinieron a decirme: “¿Qué tal si primero enviamos algunos hombres para que inspeccionen esta tierra y averigüen qué rutas debemos seguir y las ciudades en las que podemos entrar?”.
23 Su propuesta me pareció buena, así que escogí a doce de ustedes, uno por cada tribu. 24 Ellos partieron y subieron por la montaña hasta llegar al valle de Escol y exploraron la zona. 25 Después tomaron algunos frutos de la tierra, nos los trajeron y nos dijeron: “La tierra que el Señor nuestro Dios nos da es realmente espléndida”.
26 Sin embargo, ustedes se rebelaron contra la orden del Señor su Dios, se negaron a subir, 27 y se pusieron a murmurar dentro de sus tiendas diciendo: “El Señor debe odiarnos; nos sacó de Egipto para entregarnos en manos de los amorreos y destruirnos”. 28 ¡A dónde vamos a ir! Nuestros hermanos nos han metido el miedo en el cuerpo al decirnos que la gente de allí es más fuerte y más alta que nosotros, que las ciudades son enormes y están provistas de murallas que tocan el cielo. ¡Para colmo, nos dicen que vieron anaquitas por allí!
29 Entonces les respondí: “No se asusten ni les tengan miedo. 30 El Señor su Dios va delante de ustedes y combatirá por ustedes, como ya vieron que lo hizo en Egipto. 31 Y también has visto cómo el Señor tu Dios te conducía a lo largo de todo el camino que han recorrido por el desierto hasta llegar aquí, con el cuidado con que un padre lleva a su hijo”. 32 A pesar de eso, ninguno de ustedes confió en el Señor su Dios, 33 que iba delante de ustedes para buscarles dónde acampar. De noche lo hacía en forma de fuego, para que vieran el camino a seguir, y de día los acompañaba en forma de nube.
El Señor se enoja contra los israelitas y los castiga (Nm 14,20-35)
34 Cuando el Señor escuchó sus murmuraciones, se enojó e hizo este juramento: 35 “Nadie de esta generación perversa verá esta tierra fértil que juré dar a sus antepasados. 36 Solo la verá Caleb, hijo de Jefuné. A él y a sus hijos les daré la tierra que ha explorado, porque él sí ha confiado plenamente en el Señor”.
37 También el Señor se enojó conmigo, por culpa de ustedes, y me dijo: “Tampoco tú entrarás en esa tierra. 38 Quien sí entrará es tu ayudante, Josué hijo de Nun. Infúndele valor, porque él será quien haga que Israel posea la tierra. 39 En cuanto a sus niños, que aún no tienen uso de razón —y que ustedes pensaron que acabarían siendo botín de guerra—, ellos sí entrarán en la tierra y la poseerán, porque yo se la he dado. 40 En cuanto a ustedes, den media vuelta, regresen al desierto y encamínense de nuevo al mar de las Cañas”.
La derrota en Jormá (Nm 14,39-45)
41 Entonces me respondieron diciendo: “Hemos pecado contra el Señor, pero ahora iremos y lucharemos tal como el Señor nuestro Dios nos lo ha mandado”. Y se equiparon para la guerra, pensando que era fácil subir a la montaña. 42 Pero el Señor me dijo: “Adviérteles que no suban a pelear si no quieren ser derrotados por el enemigo, porque yo no estaré con ellos”.
43 Yo le advertí, pero no me escucharon; se rebelaron contra la orden del Señor y tuvieron la osadía de subir a la montaña. 44 Entonces los amorreos que habitaban las montañas salieron a su encuentro y los hicieron correr como si los persiguiese un enjambre de avispas, y los derrotaron desde Seír hasta Jormá. 45 De vuelta lloraron ante el Señor, pero no los escuchó ni les prestó atención. 46 Por eso tuvieron que permanecer tanto tiempo en Cadés Barnea.
Deuteronomy 1
English Standard Version
The Command to Leave Horeb
1 These are the words that Moses spoke to all Israel beyond the Jordan in the wilderness, in (A)the Arabah opposite (B)Suph, between (C)Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Dizahab. 2 It is eleven days' journey from Horeb by the way of Mount Seir to (D)Kadesh-barnea. 3 (E)In the fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses spoke to the people of Israel according to all that the Lord had given him in commandment to them, 4 after (F)he had defeated Sihon the king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and (G)Og the king of Bashan, who lived in Ashtaroth and in (H)Edrei. 5 Beyond the Jordan, (I)in the land of Moab, Moses undertook to explain this law, saying, 6 “The Lord our God said to us in Horeb, (J)‘You have stayed long enough at this mountain. 7 Turn and take your journey, and go to (K)the hill country of the Amorites and to all their neighbors in (L)the Arabah, (M)in the hill country and in the lowland and in the Negeb and (N)by the seacoast, the land of the Canaanites, and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates. 8 See, I have set the land before you. Go in and take possession of the land that the Lord swore to your fathers, (O)to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give to them and to their offspring after them.’
Leaders Appointed
9 “At that time (P)I said to you, ‘I am not able to bear you by myself. 10 The Lord your God has multiplied you, and behold, (Q)you are today as numerous as the stars of heaven. 11 (R)May the Lord, the God of your fathers, make you a thousand times as many as you are and bless you, (S)as he has promised you! 12 (T)How can I bear by myself the weight and burden of you and your strife? 13 (U)Choose for your tribes wise, understanding, and experienced men, and I will appoint them as your heads.’ 14 And you answered me, ‘The thing that you have spoken is good for us to do.’ 15 So I took the heads of your tribes, wise and experienced men, (V)and set them as heads over you, commanders of thousands, commanders of hundreds, commanders of fifties, commanders of tens, and officers, throughout your tribes. 16 And I charged your judges at that time, ‘Hear the cases between your brothers, and (W)judge righteously between a man and his brother or the alien who is with him. 17 (X)You shall not be partial in judgment. You shall hear the small and the great alike. You shall not be intimidated by anyone, for (Y)the judgment is God's. And the case that is too hard for you, you shall (Z)bring to me, and I will hear it.’ 18 And I commanded you at that time all the things that you should do.
Israel's Refusal to Enter the Land
19 “Then we set out from Horeb and (AA)went through all that great and terrifying wilderness that you saw, on the way to the hill country of the Amorites, as the Lord our God commanded us. And (AB)we came to Kadesh-barnea. 20 And I said to you, ‘You have come to the hill country of the Amorites, which the Lord our God is giving us. 21 See, the Lord your God has set the land before you. Go up, take possession, as the Lord, the God of your fathers, has told you. (AC)Do not fear or be dismayed.’ 22 Then all of you came near me and said, ‘Let us send men before us, that they may explore the land for us and bring us word again of the way by which we must go up and the cities into which we shall come.’ 23 The thing seemed good to me, and (AD)I took twelve men from you, one man from each tribe. 24 And (AE)they turned and went up into the hill country, and came to the Valley of Eshcol and spied it out. 25 And they took in their hands some of the fruit of the land and brought it down to us, and brought us word again and said, ‘It is a good land that the Lord our God is giving us.’
26 “Yet you would not go up, but rebelled against the command of the Lord your God. 27 And (AF)you murmured in your tents and said, ‘Because the Lord (AG)hated us he has brought us out of the land of Egypt, (AH)to give us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us. 28 Where are we going up? (AI)Our brothers have made our hearts melt, saying, (AJ)“The people are greater and taller than we. The cities are great and fortified up to heaven. And besides, we have seen (AK)the sons of the Anakim there.”’ 29 Then I said to you, ‘Do not be in dread or afraid of them. 30 The Lord your God who goes before you (AL)will himself fight for you, just as he did for you in Egypt before your eyes, 31 and in the wilderness, where you have seen how the Lord your God (AM)carried you, as a man carries his son, all the way that you went until you came to this place.’ 32 Yet in spite of this word (AN)you did not believe the Lord your God, 33 (AO)who went before you in the way (AP)to seek you out a place to pitch your tents, in fire by night and in the cloud by day, to show you by what way you should go.
The Penalty for Israel's Rebellion
34 “And the Lord heard your words and was angered, and he swore, 35 (AQ)‘Not one of these men of this evil generation shall see the good land that I swore to give to your fathers, 36 (AR)except Caleb the son of Jephunneh. He shall see it, and to him and to his children I will give the land on which he has trodden, because he has wholly followed the Lord!’ 37 Even with me (AS)the Lord was angry on your account and said, ‘You also shall not go in there. 38 (AT)Joshua the son of Nun, (AU)who stands before you, he shall enter. (AV)Encourage him, for he shall cause Israel to inherit it. 39 And as for (AW)your little ones, who you said would become a prey, and your children, who today (AX)have no knowledge of good or evil, they shall go in there. And to them I will give it, and they shall possess it. 40 But as for you, (AY)turn, and journey into the wilderness in the direction of the Red Sea.’
41 “Then you answered me, (AZ)‘We have sinned against the Lord. We ourselves will go up and fight, just as the Lord our God commanded us.’ And every one of you fastened on his weapons of war and thought it easy to go up into the hill country. 42 And the Lord said to me, (BA)‘Say to them, Do not go up or fight, (BB)for I am not in your midst, lest you be defeated before your enemies.’ 43 So I spoke to you, and you would not listen; but you rebelled against the command of the Lord and (BC)presumptuously went up into the hill country. 44 (BD)Then the Amorites who lived in that hill country came out against you and chased you (BE)as bees do and beat you down in Seir as far as (BF)Hormah. 45 And you returned and wept before the Lord, but the Lord did not listen to your voice or give ear to you. 46 So (BG)you remained at Kadesh many days, the days that you remained there.
Deuteronomy 1
New International Version
The Command to Leave Horeb
1 These are the words Moses spoke to all Israel in the wilderness east of the Jordan(A)—that is, in the Arabah(B)—opposite Suph, between Paran(C) and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth and Dizahab. 2 (It takes eleven days to go from Horeb(D) to Kadesh Barnea(E) by the Mount Seir(F) road.)(G)
3 In the fortieth year,(H) on the first day of the eleventh month,(I) Moses proclaimed(J) to the Israelites all that the Lord had commanded him concerning them. 4 This was after he had defeated Sihon(K) king of the Amorites,(L) who reigned in Heshbon,(M) and at Edrei had defeated Og(N) king of Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth.(O)
5 East of the Jordan in the territory of Moab,(P) Moses began to expound this law, saying:
6 The Lord our God said to us(Q) at Horeb,(R) “You have stayed long enough(S) at this mountain. 7 Break camp and advance into the hill country of the Amorites;(T) go to all the neighboring peoples in the Arabah,(U) in the mountains, in the western foothills, in the Negev(V) and along the coast, to the land of the Canaanites(W) and to Lebanon,(X) as far as the great river, the Euphrates.(Y) 8 See, I have given you this land(Z).(AA) Go in and take possession of the land the Lord swore(AB) he would give to your fathers—to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob—and to their descendants after them.”
The Appointment of Leaders
9 At that time I said to you, “You are too heavy a burden(AC) for me to carry alone.(AD) 10 The Lord your God has increased(AE) your numbers(AF) so that today you are as numerous(AG) as the stars in the sky.(AH) 11 May the Lord, the God of your ancestors, increase(AI) you a thousand times and bless you as he has promised!(AJ) 12 But how can I bear your problems and your burdens and your disputes all by myself?(AK) 13 Choose some wise, understanding and respected men(AL) from each of your tribes, and I will set them over you.”
14 You answered me, “What you propose to do is good.”
15 So I took(AM) the leading men of your tribes,(AN) wise and respected men,(AO) and appointed them to have authority over you—as commanders(AP) of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of tens and as tribal officials.(AQ) 16 And I charged your judges at that time, “Hear the disputes between your people and judge(AR) fairly,(AS) whether the case is between two Israelites or between an Israelite and a foreigner residing among you.(AT) 17 Do not show partiality(AU) in judging; hear both small and great alike. Do not be afraid of anyone,(AV) for judgment belongs to God. Bring me any case too hard for you, and I will hear it.”(AW) 18 And at that time I told you everything you were to do.(AX)
Spies Sent Out
19 Then, as the Lord our God commanded us, we set out from Horeb and went toward the hill country of the Amorites(AY) through all that vast and dreadful wilderness(AZ) that you have seen, and so we reached Kadesh Barnea.(BA) 20 Then I said to you, “You have reached the hill country of the Amorites, which the Lord our God is giving us. 21 See, the Lord your God has given you the land. Go up and take possession(BB) of it as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, told you. Do not be afraid;(BC) do not be discouraged.”(BD)
22 Then all of you came to me and said, “Let us send men ahead to spy(BE) out the land(BF) for us and bring back a report about the route we are to take and the towns we will come to.”
23 The idea seemed good to me; so I selected(BG) twelve of you, one man from each tribe. 24 They left and went up into the hill country, and came to the Valley of Eshkol(BH) and explored it. 25 Taking with them some of the fruit of the land, they brought it down to us and reported,(BI) “It is a good land(BJ) that the Lord our God is giving us.”(BK)
Rebellion Against the Lord
26 But you were unwilling to go up;(BL) you rebelled(BM) against the command of the Lord your God. 27 You grumbled(BN) in your tents and said, “The Lord hates us; so he brought us out of Egypt to deliver us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us. 28 Where can we go? Our brothers have made our hearts melt in fear. They say, ‘The people are stronger and taller(BO) than we are; the cities are large, with walls up to the sky. We even saw the Anakites(BP) there.’”
29 Then I said to you, “Do not be terrified; do not be afraid(BQ) of them.(BR) 30 The Lord your God, who is going before you, will fight(BS) for you, as he did for you in Egypt, before your very eyes, 31 and in the wilderness. There you saw how the Lord your God carried(BT) you, as a father carries his son, all the way you went until you reached this place.”(BU)
32 In spite of this,(BV) you did not trust(BW) in the Lord your God, 33 who went ahead of you on your journey, in fire by night and in a cloud by day,(BX) to search(BY) out places for you to camp and to show you the way you should go.
34 When the Lord heard(BZ) what you said, he was angry(CA) and solemnly swore:(CB) 35 “No one from this evil generation shall see the good land(CC) I swore to give your ancestors, 36 except Caleb(CD) son of Jephunneh. He will see it, and I will give him and his descendants the land he set his feet on, because he followed the Lord wholeheartedly.(CE)”
37 Because of you the Lord became angry(CF) with me also and said, “You shall not enter(CG) it, either. 38 But your assistant, Joshua(CH) son of Nun, will enter it. Encourage(CI) him, because he will lead(CJ) Israel to inherit(CK) it. 39 And the little ones that you said would be taken captive,(CL) your children who do not yet know(CM) good from bad—they will enter the land. I will give it to them and they will take possession of it. 40 But as for you, turn around and set out toward the desert along the route to the Red Sea.[a](CN)”
41 Then you replied, “We have sinned against the Lord. We will go up and fight, as the Lord our God commanded us.” So every one of you put on his weapons, thinking it easy to go up into the hill country.
42 But the Lord said to me, “Tell them, ‘Do not go up and fight, because I will not be with you. You will be defeated by your enemies.’”(CO)
43 So I told you, but you would not listen. You rebelled against the Lord’s command and in your arrogance you marched up into the hill country. 44 The Amorites who lived in those hills came out against you; they chased you like a swarm of bees(CP) and beat you down from Seir(CQ) all the way to Hormah.(CR) 45 You came back and wept before the Lord,(CS) but he paid no attention(CT) to your weeping and turned a deaf ear(CU) to you. 46 And so you stayed in Kadesh(CV) many days—all the time you spent there.
Footnotes
- Deuteronomy 1:40 Or the Sea of Reeds
La Palabra, (versión hispanoamericana) © 2010 Texto y Edición, Sociedad Bíblica de España
The ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. ESV Text Edition: 2025.
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