Les sept paroles sur Babylone

Introduction : présentation de la prostituée

17 L’un des sept anges qui tenaient les sept coupes vint me parler : Viens ici, me dit-il, je te montrerai le jugement de la grande prostituée[a] qui est assise sur les grandes eaux. Les rois de la terre se sont livrés à la débauche avec elle, et les habitants de la terre se sont enivrés du vin de sa prostitution.

Il me transporta alors en esprit dans un désert. Je vis une femme assise sur une bête au pelage écarlate. Cette bête était couverte de titres insultants pour Dieu, elle avait sept têtes et dix cornes. La femme était vêtue d’habits de pourpre et d’écarlate, et parée de bijoux d’or, de pierres précieuses et de perles. Elle tenait à la main une coupe d’or pleine de choses abominables et d’obscénités dues à sa prostitution. Sur son front, elle portait gravé un nom mystérieux signifiant : « La grande Babylone, la mère des prostituées et des abominations de la terre. » Je vis qu’elle était ivre du sang des membres du peuple saint et des témoins de Jésus. A sa vue, je fus profondément bouleversé.

Première parole : le mystère de la prostituée

L’ange me demanda : Pourquoi t’étonnes-tu ainsi ? Je vais te dévoiler le mystère de la femme et de la bête qui la porte, cette bête aux sept têtes et aux dix cornes. La bête que tu as vue était. Elle n’est plus, elle va monter de l’abîme pour aller à la perdition. Les habitants de la terre dont le nom n’est pas écrit dans le livre de vie depuis la fondation du monde, s’émerveilleront en voyant la bête, car elle était, elle n’est plus et elle viendra.

C’est ici qu’il faut une intelligence éclairée par la sagesse.

Les sept têtes sont sept montagnes[b], sur lesquelles siège la femme. 10 Mais elles représentent aussi sept rois : cinq d’entre eux ont été renversés, un autre règne en ce moment, et un autre n’est pas encore venu. Une fois qu’il sera là, il ne doit rester que peu de temps. 11 Quant à la bête qui était et qui n’est plus, elle est elle-même un huitième roi. Elle est aussi l’un des sept[c] et elle va à la perdition.

12 Les dix cornes que tu as vues sont dix rois qui ne sont pas encore parvenus au pouvoir. Mais ils recevront pendant une heure l’autorité royale et ils l’exerceront en commun avec la bête. 13 Ils poursuivent un même but et mettent leur puissance et leur autorité au service de la bête. 14 Ils feront la guerre à l’Agneau, mais celui-ci les vaincra, car il est le Seigneur des seigneurs et le Roi des rois. Les siens, ceux qu’il a appelés et élus, ceux qui lui sont fidèles, vaincront avec lui.

15 L’ange me dit ensuite : Les eaux que tu as vues, là où est assise la prostituée, représentent des peuples, des foules, des nations et des langues. 16 Mais les dix cornes que tu as vues, ainsi que la bête, prendront la prostituée en haine, elles la dépouilleront de tout ce qu’elle a et la laisseront nue ; elles dévoreront ses chairs et la consumeront par le feu. 17 Car Dieu leur a inspiré la résolution d’exécuter son propre plan, en faisant cause commune et en mettant leur pouvoir royal au service de la bête jusqu’à ce que toutes les décisions de Dieu soient accomplies.

18 Cette femme que tu as vue représente la grande ville qui exerce son pouvoir sur tous les souverains du monde.

Footnotes

  1. 17.1 La prostitution, dans l’Ancien Testament, est souvent une image pour l’idolâtrie.
  2. 17.9 Beaucoup d’écrivains romains (Virgile, Martial, Cicéron…) désignaient Rome comme la ville aux sept collines.
  3. 17.11 Autre traduction : Elle est aussi des sept.

Chapter 17

Babylon the Great, the Infamous Harlot.[a] One of the seven angels who held the seven bowls approached me and said, “Come here and I will show you the judgment on the great harlot who is enthroned over many waters. The kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the inhabitants of the earth have become drunk on the wine of her harlotry.”

Then he carried me away in the spirit[b] into the wilderness, and I saw a woman seated on a scarlet beast that had seven heads and ten horns and was covered with blasphemous names. The woman was clothed in purple and scarlet and adorned with gold and jewels and pearls. In her hand she held a gold cup filled with accursed things and the impurities of her harlotry.

On her forehead was written a mysterious name: “Babylon the Great, the mother of harlots and of every abomination on the earth.” And I noticed that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and the blood of those who had borne witness to Jesus.

When I saw her, I was utterly astounded. But the angel said to me, “Why are you astounded? I will explain to you the mystery of the woman and of the beast with the seven heads and the ten horns that carries her. The beast that you saw was once alive but is now alive no longer. It is about to ascend from the abyss and go to its destruction. All the inhabitants of the earth whose names have not been written in the book of life since the foundation of the world will be astonished when they see the beast, because it was once alive but is now alive no longer, and yet it is still to come.

“This calls for a mind with wisdom. The seven heads represent seven hills upon which the woman is seated. They also represent seven kings. 10 Five have already fallen, one is still living, and the other has not yet come. When he does come, he must remain only for a short while. 11 As for the beast that was alive but is now alive no longer, it is at the same time the eighth and one of the seven, and it is headed for destruction.

12 “The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet begun to reign. They will have royal authority for only a single hour together with the beast. 13 They are all of the same mind and will confer their power and authority on the beast. 14 They will wage war against the Lamb, but because the Lamb is Lord of lords and King of kings,[c] he will overcome them—he and those who are with him, the called, the chosen, and the faithful.”

15 The angel continued, “The waters that you saw, where the harlot sits, represent peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages. 16 The ten horns that you saw and the beast will hate the harlot. They will render her desolate and naked; after they devour her flesh, they will burn her up with fire.

17 “For God has influenced their hearts to carry out his purpose by agreeing to confer their royal powers upon the beast until the words of God will be fulfilled. 18 The woman you saw is the great city that has authority over the kings of the earth.”

Footnotes

  1. Revelation 17:1 Harlot and mother of harlots: such is Babylon because it is the wellspring of idolatry, especially by imposing emperor worship; and for the people of the Bible an idol is an abomination, and idolatry is prostitution (Ezek, chs. 16 and 23). The woman on the beast is named Babylon, a name that stands for all oppressions and all sufferings; the real reference is to imperial Rome, the famous city on the seven hills (v. 9), the center of the great empire that has enslaved the peoples of the Mediterranean basin (vv. 1, 15). She will drink the blood of Christians, especially during the terrible persecutions of Nero and Domitian.
    The beast that once was and now is not, but is returning—a parody of God who is described as “hIm who is, who was, and who is to come” (Rev 1:4)—is probably Nero (A.D. 54–68), whose resurrection was predicted in some popular legends. And if the seven kings need to be identified (vv. 9-11), the list is as follows: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Vespasian, and Titus (omitting Galba, Otho, and Vitellius, interim emperors, who ruled in quick succession in A.D. 68–69, after the death of Nero). The eighth emperor acts as people would expect Nero to act if he returned to life, i.e., as a beast; we can give him a name: Domitian (A.D. 81–96), during whose reign the Book of Revelation was probably composed. The other ten kings (v. 12) lead peoples subject to the empire. Empires and governors waste the political and cultural patrimony of Rome (v. 16): tyranny and bullying will be the cause of its destruction.
  2. Revelation 17:3 In the spirit: see note on Rev 1:10.
  3. Revelation 17:14 Lord of lords and King of kings: a title that stresses the Lamb’s supreme sovereignty (see Deut 10:17; Ps 136:2-3; Dan 2:47; 1 Tim 6:15).

Great Babylon, Mother of Whores

17 1-2 One of the Seven Angels who carried the seven bowls came and invited me, “Come, I’ll show you the judgment of the great Whore who sits enthroned over many waters, the Whore with whom the kings of the earth have gone whoring, show you the judgment on earth dwellers drunk on her whorish lust.”

3-6 In the Spirit he carried me out in the desert. I saw a woman mounted on a Scarlet Beast. Stuffed with blasphemies, the Beast had seven heads and ten horns. The woman was dressed in purple and scarlet, festooned with gold and gems and pearls. She held a gold chalice in her hand, brimming with defiling obscenities, her foul fornications. A riddle-name was branded on her forehead: great babylon, mother of whores and abominations of the earth. I could see that the woman was drunk, drunk on the blood of God’s holy people, drunk on the blood of the martyrs of Jesus.

6-8 Astonished, I rubbed my eyes. I shook my head in wonder. The Angel said, “Does this surprise you? Let me tell you the riddle of the woman and the Beast she rides, the Beast with seven heads and ten horns. The Beast you saw once was, is no longer, and is about to ascend from the Abyss and head straight for Hell. Earth dwellers whose names weren’t written in the Book of Life from the foundation of the world will be dazzled when they see the Beast that once was, is no longer, and is to come.

9-11 “But don’t drop your guard. Use your head. The seven heads are seven hills; they are where the woman sits. They are also seven kings: five dead, one living, the other not yet here—and when he does come his time will be brief. The Beast that once was and is no longer is both an eighth and one of the seven—and headed for Hell.

12-14 “The ten horns you saw are ten kings, but they’re not yet in power. They will come to power with the Scarlet Beast, but won’t last long—a very brief reign. These kings will agree to turn over their power and authority to the Beast. They will go to war against the Lamb but the Lamb will defeat them, proof that he is Lord over all lords, King over all kings, and those with him will be the called, chosen, and faithful.”

15-18 The Angel continued, “The waters you saw on which the Whore was enthroned are peoples and crowds, nations and languages. And the ten horns you saw, together with the Beast, will turn on the Whore—they’ll hate her, violate her, strip her naked, rip her apart with their teeth, then set fire to her. It was God who put the idea in their heads to turn over their rule to the Beast until the words of God are completed. The woman you saw is the great city, tyrannizing the kings of the earth.”