The Birth of Moses

2 Now a man of the tribe of Levi^(A) married a Levite woman,^{(B) 2} and she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. When she saw that he was a fine^(C) child, she hid him for three months.^{(D) 3} But when she could hide him no longer, she got a papyrus^(E) basket^[a] for him and coated it with tar and pitch.^(F) Then she placed the child in it and put it among the reeds^(G) along the bank of the Nile. ⁴ His sister^(H) stood at a distance to see what would happen to him.

⁵ Then Pharaoh’s daughter went down to the Nile to bathe, and her attendants were walking along the riverbank.^(I) She saw the basket among the reeds and sent her female slave to get it. ⁶ She opened it and saw the baby. He was crying, and she felt sorry for him. “This is one of the Hebrew babies,” she said.

⁷ Then his sister asked Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall I go and get one of the Hebrew women to nurse the baby for you?”

⁸ “Yes, go,” she answered. So the girl went and got the baby’s mother. ⁹ Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this baby and nurse him for me, and I will pay you.” So the woman took the baby and nursed him. ¹⁰ When the child grew older, she took him to Pharaoh’s daughter and he became her son. She named^(J) him Moses,^[b] saying, “I drew^(K) him out of the water.”

Moses Flees to Midian

¹¹ One day, after Moses had grown up, he went out to where his own people^(L) were and watched them at their hard labor.^(M) He saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his own people. ¹² Looking this way and that and seeing no one, he killed the Egyptian and hid him in the sand. ¹³ The next day he went out and saw two Hebrews fighting. He asked the one in the wrong, “Why are you hitting your fellow Hebrew?”^(N)

¹⁴ The man said, “Who made you ruler and judge over us?^(O) Are you thinking of killing me as you killed the Egyptian?” Then Moses was afraid and thought, “What I did must have become known.”

¹⁵ When Pharaoh heard of this, he tried to kill^(P) Moses, but Moses fled^(Q) from Pharaoh and went to live in Midian,^(R) where he sat down by a well. ¹⁶ Now a priest of Midian^(S) had seven daughters, and they came to draw water^(T) and fill the troughs^(U) to water their father’s flock. ¹⁷ Some shepherds came along and drove them away, but Moses got up and came to their rescue^(V) and watered their flock.^(W)

¹⁸ When the girls returned to Reuel^(X) their father, he asked them, “Why have you returned so early today?”

¹⁹ They answered, “An Egyptian rescued us from the shepherds. He even drew water for us and watered the flock.”

²⁰ “And where is he?” Reuel asked his daughters. “Why did you leave him? Invite him to have something to eat.”^(Y)

²¹ Moses agreed to stay with the man, who gave his daughter Zipporah^(Z) to Moses in marriage. ²² Zipporah gave birth to a son, and Moses named him Gershom,^[c](AA) saying, “I have become a foreigner^(AB) in a foreign land.”

²³ During that long period,^(AC) the king of Egypt died.^(AD) The Israelites groaned in their slavery^(AE) and cried out, and their cry^(AF) for help because of their slavery went up to God. ²⁴ God heard their groaning and he remembered^(AG) his covenant^(AH) with Abraham, with Isaac and with Jacob. ²⁵ So God looked on the Israelites and was concerned^(AI) about them.

The Israelites Oppressed

1 These are the names of the sons of Israel^(A) who went to Egypt with Jacob, each with his family: ² Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah; ³ Issachar, Zebulun and Benjamin; ⁴ Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher.^{(B) 5} The descendants of Jacob numbered seventy^[a] in all;^(C) Joseph was already in Egypt.

⁶ Now Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation died,^{(D) 7} but the Israelites were exceedingly fruitful; they multiplied greatly, increased in numbers^(E) and became so numerous that the land was filled with them.

⁸ Then a new king, to whom Joseph meant nothing, came to power in Egypt.^{(F) 9} “Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites have become far too numerous^(G) for us.^{(H) 10} Come, we must deal shrewdly^(I) with them or they will become even more numerous and, if war breaks out, will join our enemies, fight against us and leave the country.”^(J)

¹¹ So they put slave masters^(K) over them to oppress them with forced labor,^(L) and they built Pithom and Rameses^(M) as store cities^(N) for Pharaoh. ¹² But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites ¹³ and worked them ruthlessly.^{(O) 14} They made their lives bitter with harsh labor^(P) in brick^(Q) and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their harsh labor the Egyptians worked them ruthlessly.^(R)

¹⁵ The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives,^(S) whose names were Shiphrah and Puah, ¹⁶ “When you are helping the Hebrew women during childbirth on the delivery stool, if you see that the baby is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live.”^{(T) 17} The midwives, however, feared^(U) God and did not do what the king of Egypt had told them to do;^(V) they let the boys live. ¹⁸ Then the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, “Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live?”

¹⁹ The midwives answered Pharaoh, “Hebrew women are not like Egyptian women; they are vigorous and give birth before the midwives arrive.”^(W)

²⁰ So God was kind to the midwives^(X) and the people increased and became even more numerous. ²¹ And because the midwives feared^(Y) God, he gave them families^(Z) of their own.

²² Then Pharaoh gave this order to all his people: “Every Hebrew boy that is born you must throw into the Nile,^(AA) but let every girl live.”^(AB)

The Birth of Moses

2 Now a man of the tribe of Levi^(AC) married a Levite woman,^{(AD) 2} and she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. When she saw that he was a fine^(AE) child, she hid him for three months.^{(AF) 3} But when she could hide him no longer, she got a papyrus^(AG) basket^[b] for him and coated it with tar and pitch.^(AH) Then she placed the child in it and put it among the reeds^(AI) along the bank of the Nile. ⁴ His sister^(AJ) stood at a distance to see what would happen to him.

⁵ Then Pharaoh’s daughter went down to the Nile to bathe, and her attendants were walking along the riverbank.^(AK) She saw the basket among the reeds and sent her female slave to get it. ⁶ She opened it and saw the baby. He was crying, and she felt sorry for him. “This is one of the Hebrew babies,” she said.

⁷ Then his sister asked Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall I go and get one of the Hebrew women to nurse the baby for you?”

⁸ “Yes, go,” she answered. So the girl went and got the baby’s mother. ⁹ Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this baby and nurse him for me, and I will pay you.” So the woman took the baby and nursed him. ¹⁰ When the child grew older, she took him to Pharaoh’s daughter and he became her son. She named^(AL) him Moses,^[c] saying, “I drew^(AM) him out of the water.”

Moses Flees to Midian

¹¹ One day, after Moses had grown up, he went out to where his own people^(AN) were and watched them at their hard labor.^(AO) He saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his own people. ¹² Looking this way and that and seeing no one, he killed the Egyptian and hid him in the sand. ¹³ The next day he went out and saw two Hebrews fighting. He asked the one in the wrong, “Why are you hitting your fellow Hebrew?”^(AP)

¹⁴ The man said, “Who made you ruler and judge over us?^(AQ) Are you thinking of killing me as you killed the Egyptian?” Then Moses was afraid and thought, “What I did must have become known.”

¹⁵ When Pharaoh heard of this, he tried to kill^(AR) Moses, but Moses fled^(AS) from Pharaoh and went to live in Midian,^(AT) where he sat down by a well. ¹⁶ Now a priest of Midian^(AU) had seven daughters, and they came to draw water^(AV) and fill the troughs^(AW) to water their father’s flock. ¹⁷ Some shepherds came along and drove them away, but Moses got up and came to their rescue^(AX) and watered their flock.^(AY)

¹⁸ When the girls returned to Reuel^(AZ) their father, he asked them, “Why have you returned so early today?”

¹⁹ They answered, “An Egyptian rescued us from the shepherds. He even drew water for us and watered the flock.”

²⁰ “And where is he?” Reuel asked his daughters. “Why did you leave him? Invite him to have something to eat.”^(BA)

²¹ Moses agreed to stay with the man, who gave his daughter Zipporah^(BB) to Moses in marriage. ²² Zipporah gave birth to a son, and Moses named him Gershom,^[d](BC) saying, “I have become a foreigner^(BD) in a foreign land.”

²³ During that long period,^(BE) the king of Egypt died.^(BF) The Israelites groaned in their slavery^(BG) and cried out, and their cry^(BH) for help because of their slavery went up to God. ²⁴ God heard their groaning and he remembered^(BI) his covenant^(BJ) with Abraham, with Isaac and with Jacob. ²⁵ So God looked on the Israelites and was concerned^(BK) about them.

Moses and the Burning Bush

3 Now Moses was tending the flock of Jethro^(BL) his father-in-law, the priest of Midian,^(BM) and he led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb,^(BN) the mountain^(BO) of God. ² There the angel of the Lord^(BP) appeared to him in flames of fire^(BQ) from within a bush.^(BR) Moses saw that though the bush was on fire it did not burn up. ³ So Moses thought, “I will go over and see this strange sight—why the bush does not burn up.”

⁴ When the Lord saw that he had gone over to look, God called^(BS) to him from within the bush,^(BT) “Moses! Moses!”

And Moses said, “Here I am.”^(BU)

⁵ “Do not come any closer,”^(BV) God said. “Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.”^{(BW) 6} Then he said, “I am the God of your father,^[e] the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob.”^(BX) At this, Moses hid^(BY) his face, because he was afraid to look at God.^(BZ)

⁷ The Lord said, “I have indeed seen^(CA) the misery^(CB) of my people in Egypt. I have heard them crying out because of their slave drivers, and I am concerned^(CC) about their suffering.^{(CD) 8} So I have come down^(CE) to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land into a good and spacious land,^(CF) a land flowing with milk and honey^(CG)—the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites^(CH) and Jebusites.^{(CI) 9} And now the cry of the Israelites has reached me, and I have seen the way the Egyptians are oppressing^(CJ) them. ¹⁰ So now, go. I am sending^(CK) you to Pharaoh to bring my people the Israelites out of Egypt.”^(CL)

¹¹ But Moses said to God, “Who am I^(CM) that I should go to Pharaoh and bring the Israelites out of Egypt?”

¹² And God said, “I will be with you.^(CN) And this will be the sign^(CO) to you that it is I who have sent you: When you have brought the people out of Egypt, you^[f] will worship God on this mountain.^(CP)”

¹³ Moses said to God, “Suppose I go to the Israelites and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’^(CQ) Then what shall I tell them?”

¹⁴ God said to Moses, “I am who I am.^[g] This is what you are to say to the Israelites: ‘I am^(CR) has sent me to you.’”

¹⁵ God also said to Moses, “Say to the Israelites, ‘The Lord,^[h] the God of your fathers^(CS)—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob^(CT)—has sent me to you.’

¹⁶ “Go, assemble the elders^(CW) of Israel and say to them, ‘The Lord, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob^(CX)—appeared to me and said: I have watched over you and have seen^(CY) what has been done to you in Egypt. ¹⁷ And I have promised to bring you up out of your misery in Egypt^(CZ) into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites—a land flowing with milk and honey.’^(DA)

¹⁸ “The elders of Israel will listen^(DB) to you. Then you and the elders are to go to the king of Egypt and say to him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews,^(DC) has met^(DD) with us. Let us take a three-day journey^(DE) into the wilderness to offer sacrifices^(DF) to the Lord our God.’ ¹⁹ But I know that the king of Egypt will not let you go unless a mighty hand^(DG) compels him. ²⁰ So I will stretch out my hand^(DH) and strike the Egyptians with all the wonders^(DI) that I will perform among them. After that, he will let you go.^(DJ)

²¹ “And I will make the Egyptians favorably disposed^(DK) toward this people, so that when you leave you will not go empty-handed.^{(DL) 22} Every woman is to ask her neighbor and any woman living in her house for articles of silver^(DM) and gold^(DN) and for clothing, which you will put on your sons and daughters. And so you will plunder^(DO) the Egyptians.”^(DP)

Joshua Installed as Leader

1 After the death of Moses the servant of the Lord,^(A) the Lord said to Joshua^(B) son of Nun, Moses’ aide: ² “Moses my servant is dead. Now then, you and all these people, get ready to cross the Jordan River^(C) into the land^(D) I am about to give to them^(E)—to the Israelites. ³ I will give you every place where you set your foot,^(F) as I promised Moses.^{(G) 4} Your territory will extend from the desert to Lebanon,^(H) and from the great river, the Euphrates^(I)—all the Hittite^(J) country—to the Mediterranean Sea in the west.^{(K) 5} No one will be able to stand against you^(L) all the days of your life. As I was with^(M) Moses, so I will be with you; I will never leave you nor forsake^(N) you. ⁶ Be strong^(O) and courageous,^(P) because you will lead these people to inherit the land I swore to their ancestors^(Q) to give them.

⁷ “Be strong and very courageous. Be careful to obey^(R) all the law^(S) my servant Moses^(T) gave you; do not turn from it to the right or to the left,^(U) that you may be successful wherever you go.^{(V) 8} Keep this Book of the Law^(W) always on your lips;^(X) meditate^(Y) on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do everything written in it. Then you will be prosperous and successful.^{(Z) 9} Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid;^(AA) do not be discouraged,^(AB) for the Lord your God will be with you wherever you go.”^(AC)

¹⁰ So Joshua ordered the officers of the people:^{(AD) 11} “Go through the camp^(AE) and tell the people, ‘Get your provisions^(AF) ready. Three days^(AG) from now you will cross the Jordan^(AH) here to go in and take possession^(AI) of the land the Lord your God is giving you for your own.’”

¹² But to the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh,^(AJ) Joshua said, ¹³ “Remember the command that Moses the servant of the Lord gave you after he said, ‘The Lord your God will give you rest^(AK) by giving you this land.’ ¹⁴ Your wives,^(AL) your children and your livestock may stay in the land^(AM) that Moses gave you east of the Jordan, but all your fighting men, ready for battle,^(AN) must cross over ahead of your fellow Israelites.^(AO) You are to help them ¹⁵ until the Lord gives them rest, as he has done for you, and until they too have taken possession of the land the Lord your God is giving them. After that, you may go back and occupy your own land, which Moses the servant of the Lord gave you east of the Jordan toward the sunrise.”^(AP)

¹⁶ Then they answered Joshua, “Whatever you have commanded us we will do, and wherever you send us we will go.^{(AQ) 17} Just as we fully obeyed Moses, so we will obey you.^(AR) Only may the Lord your God be with you as he was with Moses. ¹⁸ Whoever rebels against your word and does not obey^(AS) it, whatever you may command them, will be put to death. Only be strong and courageous!^(AT)”

Joshua Installed as Leader

1 After the death of Moses the servant of the Lord,^(A) the Lord said to Joshua^(B) son of Nun, Moses’ aide: ² “Moses my servant is dead. Now then, you and all these people, get ready to cross the Jordan River^(C) into the land^(D) I am about to give to them^(E)—to the Israelites. ³ I will give you every place where you set your foot,^(F) as I promised Moses.^{(G) 4} Your territory will extend from the desert to Lebanon,^(H) and from the great river, the Euphrates^(I)—all the Hittite^(J) country—to the Mediterranean Sea in the west.^{(K) 5} No one will be able to stand against you^(L) all the days of your life. As I was with^(M) Moses, so I will be with you; I will never leave you nor forsake^(N) you. ⁶ Be strong^(O) and courageous,^(P) because you will lead these people to inherit the land I swore to their ancestors^(Q) to give them.

⁷ “Be strong and very courageous. Be careful to obey^(R) all the law^(S) my servant Moses^(T) gave you; do not turn from it to the right or to the left,^(U) that you may be successful wherever you go.^{(V) 8} Keep this Book of the Law^(W) always on your lips;^(X) meditate^(Y) on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do everything written in it. Then you will be prosperous and successful.^{(Z) 9} Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid;^(AA) do not be discouraged,^(AB) for the Lord your God will be with you wherever you go.”^(AC)

¹⁰ So Joshua ordered the officers of the people:^{(AD) 11} “Go through the camp^(AE) and tell the people, ‘Get your provisions^(AF) ready. Three days^(AG) from now you will cross the Jordan^(AH) here to go in and take possession^(AI) of the land the Lord your God is giving you for your own.’”

¹² But to the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh,^(AJ) Joshua said, ¹³ “Remember the command that Moses the servant of the Lord gave you after he said, ‘The Lord your God will give you rest^(AK) by giving you this land.’ ¹⁴ Your wives,^(AL) your children and your livestock may stay in the land^(AM) that Moses gave you east of the Jordan, but all your fighting men, ready for battle,^(AN) must cross over ahead of your fellow Israelites.^(AO) You are to help them ¹⁵ until the Lord gives them rest, as he has done for you, and until they too have taken possession of the land the Lord your God is giving them. After that, you may go back and occupy your own land, which Moses the servant of the Lord gave you east of the Jordan toward the sunrise.”^(AP)

¹⁶ Then they answered Joshua, “Whatever you have commanded us we will do, and wherever you send us we will go.^{(AQ) 17} Just as we fully obeyed Moses, so we will obey you.^(AR) Only may the Lord your God be with you as he was with Moses. ¹⁸ Whoever rebels against your word and does not obey^(AS) it, whatever you may command them, will be put to death. Only be strong and courageous!^(AT)”

Rahab and the Spies

2 Then Joshua son of Nun secretly sent two spies^(AU) from Shittim.^(AV) “Go, look over^(AW) the land,” he said, “especially Jericho.^(AX)” So they went and entered the house of a prostitute named Rahab^(AY) and stayed there.

² The king of Jericho was told, “Look, some of the Israelites have come here tonight to spy out the land.” ³ So the king of Jericho sent this message to Rahab:^(AZ) “Bring out the men who came to you and entered your house, because they have come to spy out the whole land.”

⁴ But the woman had taken the two men^(BA) and hidden them.^(BB) She said, “Yes, the men came to me, but I did not know where they had come from. ⁵ At dusk, when it was time to close the city gate,^(BC) they left. I don’t know which way they went. Go after them quickly. You may catch up with them.”^{(BD) 6} (But she had taken them up to the roof and hidden them under the stalks of flax^(BE) she had laid out on the roof.)^{(BF) 7} So the men set out in pursuit of the spies on the road that leads to the fords of the Jordan,^(BG) and as soon as the pursuers^(BH) had gone out, the gate was shut.

⁸ Before the spies lay down for the night, she went up on the roof^{(BI) 9} and said to them, “I know that the Lord has given you this land and that a great fear^(BJ) of you has fallen on us, so that all who live in this country are melting in fear because of you. ¹⁰ We have heard how the Lord dried up^(BK) the water of the Red Sea^[a] for you when you came out of Egypt,^(BL) and what you did to Sihon and Og,^(BM) the two kings of the Amorites^(BN) east of the Jordan,^(BO) whom you completely destroyed.^{[b](BP) 11} When we heard of it, our hearts melted in fear^(BQ) and everyone’s courage failed^(BR) because of you,^(BS) for the Lord your God^(BT) is God in heaven above and on the earth^(BU) below.

¹² “Now then, please swear to me^(BV) by the Lord that you will show kindness^(BW) to my family, because I have shown kindness to you. Give me a sure sign^{(BX) 13} that you will spare the lives of my father and mother, my brothers and sisters, and all who belong to them^(BY)—and that you will save us from death.”

¹⁴ “Our lives for your lives!”^(BZ) the men assured her. “If you don’t tell what we are doing, we will treat you kindly and faithfully^(CA) when the Lord gives us the land.”

¹⁵ So she let them down by a rope^(CB) through the window,^(CC) for the house she lived in was part of the city wall. ¹⁶ She said to them, “Go to the hills^(CD) so the pursuers^(CE) will not find you. Hide yourselves there three days^(CF) until they return, and then go on your way.”^(CG)

¹⁷ Now the men had said to her, “This oath^(CH) you made us swear will not be binding on us ¹⁸ unless, when we enter the land, you have tied this scarlet cord^(CI) in the window^(CJ) through which you let us down, and unless you have brought your father and mother, your brothers and all your family^(CK) into your house. ¹⁹ If any of them go outside your house into the street, their blood will be on their own heads;^(CL) we will not be responsible. As for those who are in the house with you, their blood will be on our head^(CM) if a hand is laid on them. ²⁰ But if you tell what we are doing, we will be released from the oath you made us swear.^(CN)”

²¹ “Agreed,” she replied. “Let it be as you say.”

So she sent them away, and they departed. And she tied the scarlet cord^(CO) in the window.^(CP)

²² When they left, they went into the hills and stayed there three days,^(CQ) until the pursuers^(CR) had searched all along the road and returned without finding them. ²³ Then the two men started back. They went down out of the hills, forded the river and came to Joshua son of Nun and told him everything that had happened to them. ²⁴ They said to Joshua, “The Lord has surely given the whole land into our hands;^(CS) all the people are melting in fear^(CT) because of us.”

Crossing the Jordan

3 Early in the morning Joshua and all the Israelites set out from Shittim^(CU) and went to the Jordan,^(CV) where they camped before crossing over. ² After three days^(CW) the officers^(CX) went throughout the camp,^{(CY) 3} giving orders to the people: “When you see the ark of the covenant^(CZ) of the Lord your God, and the Levitical^(DA) priests^(DB) carrying it, you are to move out from your positions and follow it. ⁴ Then you will know which way to go, since you have never been this way before. But keep a distance of about two thousand cubits^[c](DC) between you and the ark; do not go near it.”

⁵ Joshua told the people, “Consecrate yourselves,^(DD) for tomorrow the Lord will do amazing things^(DE) among you.”

⁶ Joshua said to the priests, “Take up the ark of the covenant and pass on ahead of the people.” So they took it up and went ahead of them.

⁷ And the Lord said to Joshua, “Today I will begin to exalt you^(DF) in the eyes of all Israel, so they may know that I am with you as I was with Moses.^{(DG) 8} Tell the priests^(DH) who carry the ark of the covenant: ‘When you reach the edge of the Jordan’s waters, go and stand in the river.’”

⁹ Joshua said to the Israelites, “Come here and listen to the words of the Lord your God. ¹⁰ This is how you will know that the living God^(DI) is among you^(DJ) and that he will certainly drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites,^(DK) Hivites, Perizzites,^(DL) Girgashites, Amorites and Jebusites.^{(DM) 11} See, the ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth^(DN) will go into the Jordan ahead of you.^{(DO) 12} Now then, choose twelve men^(DP) from the tribes of Israel, one from each tribe. ¹³ And as soon as the priests who carry the ark of the Lord—the Lord of all the earth^(DQ)—set foot in the Jordan, its waters flowing downstream^(DR) will be cut off^(DS) and stand up in a heap.^(DT)”

¹⁴ So when the people broke camp to cross the Jordan, the priests carrying the ark of the covenant^(DU) went ahead^(DV) of them. ¹⁵ Now the Jordan^(DW) is at flood stage^(DX) all during harvest.^(DY) Yet as soon as the priests who carried the ark reached the Jordan and their feet touched the water’s edge, ¹⁶ the water from upstream stopped flowing.^(DZ) It piled up in a heap^(EA) a great distance away, at a town called Adam in the vicinity of Zarethan,^(EB) while the water flowing down^(EC) to the Sea of the Arabah^(ED) (that is, the Dead Sea^(EE)) was completely cut off.^(EF) So the people crossed over opposite Jericho.^{(EG) 17} The priests^(EH) who carried the ark of the covenant of the Lord stopped in the middle of the Jordan and stood on dry ground,^(EI) while all Israel passed by until the whole nation had completed the crossing on dry ground.^(EJ)

4 When the whole nation had finished crossing the Jordan,^(EK) the Lord said to Joshua, ² “Choose twelve men^(EL) from among the people, one from each tribe, ³ and tell them to take up twelve stones^(EM) from the middle of the Jordan,^(EN) from right where the priests are standing, and carry them over with you and put them down at the place where you stay tonight.^(EO)”

⁴ So Joshua called together the twelve men^(EP) he had appointed from the Israelites, one from each tribe, ⁵ and said to them, “Go over before the ark of the Lord your God into the middle of the Jordan.^(EQ) Each of you is to take up a stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the Israelites, ⁶ to serve as a sign^(ER) among you. In the future, when your children^(ES) ask you, ‘What do these stones mean?’^{(ET) 7} tell them that the flow of the Jordan was cut off^(EU) before the ark of the covenant of the Lord. When it crossed the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off. These stones are to be a memorial^(EV) to the people of Israel forever.”

⁸ So the Israelites did as Joshua commanded them. They took twelve stones^(EW) from the middle of the Jordan,^(EX) according to the number of the tribes of the Israelites, as the Lord had told Joshua;^(EY) and they carried them over with them to their camp, where they put them down. ⁹ Joshua set up the twelve stones^(EZ) that had been^[d] in the middle of the Jordan at the spot where the priests who carried the ark of the covenant had stood. And they are there to this day.^(FA)

¹⁰ Now the priests who carried the ark remained standing in the middle of the Jordan until everything the Lord had commanded Joshua was done by the people, just as Moses had directed Joshua. The people hurried over, ¹¹ and as soon as all of them had crossed, the ark of the Lord and the priests came to the other side while the people watched. ¹² The men of Reuben,^(FB) Gad^(FC) and the half-tribe of Manasseh^(FD) crossed over, ready for battle, in front of the Israelites,^(FE) as Moses had directed them.^{(FF) 13} About forty thousand armed for battle^(FG) crossed over^(FH) before the Lord to the plains of Jericho for war.

¹⁴ That day the Lord exalted^(FI) Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they stood in awe of him all the days of his life, just as they had stood in awe of Moses.

¹⁵ Then the Lord said to Joshua, ¹⁶ “Command the priests carrying the ark of the covenant law^(FJ) to come up out of the Jordan.”

¹⁷ So Joshua commanded the priests, “Come up out of the Jordan.”

¹⁸ And the priests came up out of the river carrying the ark of the covenant of the Lord. No sooner had they set their feet on the dry ground than the waters of the Jordan returned to their place^(FK) and ran at flood stage^(FL) as before.

¹⁹ On the tenth day of the first month the people went up from the Jordan and camped at Gilgal^(FM) on the eastern border of Jericho. ²⁰ And Joshua set up at Gilgal the twelve stones^(FN) they had taken out of the Jordan. ²¹ He said to the Israelites, “In the future when your descendants ask their parents, ‘What do these stones mean?’^{(FO) 22} tell them, ‘Israel crossed the Jordan on dry ground.’^{(FP) 23} For the Lord your God dried up the Jordan before you until you had crossed over. The Lord your God did to the Jordan what he had done to the Red Sea^[e] when he dried it up before us until we had crossed over.^{(FQ) 24} He did this so that all the peoples of the earth might know^(FR) that the hand of the Lord is powerful^(FS) and so that you might always fear the Lord your God.^(FT)”

5 Now when all the Amorite kings west of the Jordan and all the Canaanite kings along the coast^(FU) heard how the Lord had dried up the Jordan before the Israelites until they^[f] had crossed over, their hearts melted in fear^(FV) and they no longer had the courage to face the Israelites.

Circumcision and Passover at Gilgal

² At that time the Lord said to Joshua, “Make flint knives^(FW) and circumcise^(FX) the Israelites again.” ³ So Joshua made flint knives and circumcised the Israelites at Gibeath Haaraloth.^[g]

⁴ Now this is why he did so: All those who came out of Egypt—all the men of military age^(FY)—died in the wilderness on the way after leaving Egypt.^{(FZ) 5} All the people that came out had been circumcised, but all the people born in the wilderness during the journey from Egypt had not. ⁶ The Israelites had moved about in the wilderness^(GA) forty years^(GB) until all the men who were of military age when they left Egypt had died, since they had not obeyed the Lord. For the Lord had sworn to them that they would not see the land he had solemnly promised their ancestors to give us,^(GC) a land flowing with milk and honey.^{(GD) 7} So he raised up their sons in their place, and these were the ones Joshua circumcised. They were still uncircumcised because they had not been circumcised on the way. ⁸ And after the whole nation had been circumcised, they remained where they were in camp until they were healed.^(GE)

⁹ Then the Lord said to Joshua, “Today I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you.” So the place has been called Gilgal^[h](GF) to this day.

¹⁰ On the evening of the fourteenth day of the month,^(GG) while camped at Gilgal on the plains of Jericho, the Israelites celebrated the Passover.^{(GH) 11} The day after the Passover, that very day, they ate some of the produce of the land:^(GI) unleavened bread^(GJ) and roasted grain.^{(GK) 12} The manna stopped the day after^[i] they ate this food from the land; there was no longer any manna for the Israelites, but that year they ate the produce of Canaan.^(GL)

The Fall of Jericho

¹³ Now when Joshua was near Jericho, he looked up and saw a man^(GM) standing in front of him with a drawn sword^(GN) in his hand. Joshua went up to him and asked, “Are you for us or for our enemies?”

¹⁴ “Neither,” he replied, “but as commander of the army of the Lord I have now come.” Then Joshua fell facedown^(GO) to the ground^(GP) in reverence, and asked him, “What message does my Lord^[j] have for his servant?”

¹⁵ The commander of the Lord’s army replied, “Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy.”^(GQ) And Joshua did so.

6 Now the gates of Jericho^(GR) were securely barred because of the Israelites. No one went out and no one came in.

² Then the Lord said to Joshua, “See, I have delivered^(GS) Jericho into your hands, along with its king and its fighting men. ³ March around the city once with all the armed men. Do this for six days. ⁴ Have seven priests carry trumpets of rams’ horns^(GT) in front of the ark. On the seventh day, march around the city seven times, with the priests blowing the trumpets.^{(GU) 5} When you hear them sound a long blast^(GV) on the trumpets, have the whole army give a loud shout;^(GW) then the wall of the city will collapse and the army will go up, everyone straight in.”

⁶ So Joshua son of Nun called the priests and said to them, “Take up the ark of the covenant of the Lord and have seven priests carry trumpets in front of it.”^{(GX) 7} And he ordered the army, “Advance^(GY)! March around the city, with an armed guard going ahead of the ark^(GZ) of the Lord.”

⁸ When Joshua had spoken to the people, the seven priests carrying the seven trumpets before the Lord went forward, blowing their trumpets, and the ark of the Lord’s covenant followed them. ⁹ The armed guard marched ahead of the priests who blew the trumpets, and the rear guard^(HA) followed the ark. All this time the trumpets were sounding. ¹⁰ But Joshua had commanded the army, “Do not give a war cry, do not raise your voices, do not say a word until the day I tell you to shout. Then shout!^(HB)” ¹¹ So he had the ark of the Lord carried around the city, circling it once. Then the army returned to camp and spent the night there.

¹² Joshua got up early the next morning and the priests took up the ark of the Lord. ¹³ The seven priests carrying the seven trumpets went forward, marching before the ark of the Lord and blowing the trumpets. The armed men went ahead of them and the rear guard followed the ark of the Lord, while the trumpets kept sounding. ¹⁴ So on the second day they marched around the city once and returned to the camp. They did this for six days.

¹⁵ On the seventh day, they got up at daybreak and marched around the city seven times in the same manner, except that on that day they circled the city seven times.^{(HC) 16} The seventh time around, when the priests sounded the trumpet blast, Joshua commanded the army, “Shout! For the Lord has given you the city!^{(HD) 17} The city and all that is in it are to be devoted^[k](HE) to the Lord. Only Rahab the prostitute^(HF) and all who are with her in her house shall be spared, because she hid^(HG) the spies we sent. ¹⁸ But keep away from the devoted things,^(HH) so that you will not bring about your own destruction by taking any of them. Otherwise you will make the camp of Israel liable to destruction^(HI) and bring trouble^(HJ) on it. ¹⁹ All the silver and gold and the articles of bronze and iron^(HK) are sacred to the Lord and must go into his treasury.”

²⁰ When the trumpets sounded,^(HL) the army shouted, and at the sound of the trumpet, when the men gave a loud shout,^(HM) the wall collapsed; so everyone charged straight in, and they took the city.^{(HN) 21} They devoted^(HO) the city to the Lord and destroyed^(HP) with the sword every living thing in it—men and women, young and old, cattle, sheep and donkeys.

²² Joshua said to the two men^(HQ) who had spied out^(HR) the land, “Go into the prostitute’s house and bring her out and all who belong to her, in accordance with your oath to her.^(HS)” ²³ So the young men who had done the spying went in and brought out Rahab, her father and mother, her brothers and sisters and all who belonged to her.^(HT) They brought out her entire family and put them in a place outside the camp of Israel.

²⁴ Then they burned the whole city^(HU) and everything in it, but they put the silver and gold and the articles of bronze and iron^(HV) into the treasury of the Lord’s house.^{(HW) 25} But Joshua spared^(HX) Rahab the prostitute,^(HY) with her family and all who belonged to her, because she hid the men Joshua had sent as spies to Jericho^(HZ)—and she lives among the Israelites to this day.

²⁶ At that time Joshua pronounced this solemn oath:^(IA) “Cursed^(IB) before the Lord is the one who undertakes to rebuild this city, Jericho:

²⁷ So the Lord was with Joshua,^(ID) and his fame spread^(IE) throughout the land.

Achan’s Sin

7 But the Israelites were unfaithful in regard to the devoted things^[l];^(IF) Achan^(IG) son of Karmi, the son of Zimri,^[m] the son of Zerah,^(IH) of the tribe of Judah,^(II) took some of them. So the Lord’s anger burned^(IJ) against Israel.^(IK)

² Now Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai,^(IL) which is near Beth Aven^(IM) to the east of Bethel,^(IN) and told them, “Go up and spy out^(IO) the region.” So the men went up and spied out Ai.

³ When they returned to Joshua, they said, “Not all the army will have to go up against Ai. Send two or three thousand men to take it and do not weary the whole army, for only a few people live there.” ⁴ So about three thousand went up; but they were routed by the men of Ai,^{(IP) 5} who killed about thirty-six^(IQ) of them. They chased the Israelites from the city gate as far as the stone quarries and struck them down on the slopes. At this the hearts of the people melted in fear^(IR) and became like water.

⁶ Then Joshua tore his clothes^(IS) and fell facedown^(IT) to the ground before the ark of the Lord, remaining there till evening.^(IU) The elders of Israel^(IV) did the same, and sprinkled dust^(IW) on their heads. ⁷ And Joshua said, “Alas, Sovereign Lord, why^(IX) did you ever bring this people across the Jordan to deliver us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?^(IY) If only we had been content to stay on the other side of the Jordan! ⁸ Pardon your servant, Lord. What can I say, now that Israel has been routed by its enemies? ⁹ The Canaanites and the other people of the country will hear about this and they will surround us and wipe out our name from the earth.^(IZ) What then will you do for your own great name?^(JA)”

¹⁰ The Lord said to Joshua, “Stand up! What are you doing down on your face? ¹¹ Israel has sinned;^(JB) they have violated my covenant,^(JC) which I commanded them to keep. They have taken some of the devoted things; they have stolen, they have lied,^(JD) they have put them with their own possessions.^{(JE) 12} That is why the Israelites cannot stand against their enemies;^(JF) they turn their backs^(JG) and run^(JH) because they have been made liable to destruction.^(JI) I will not be with you anymore^(JJ) unless you destroy whatever among you is devoted to destruction.

¹³ “Go, consecrate the people. Tell them, ‘Consecrate yourselves^(JK) in preparation for tomorrow; for this is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: There are devoted things among you, Israel. You cannot stand against your enemies until you remove them.