2 Samuël 2
BasisBijbel
David wordt koning van de stam van Juda
2 Hierna vroeg David aan de Heer: "Zal ik naar één van de steden in het gebied van Juda gaan?" De Heer antwoordde hem: "Ga." David vroeg: "Naar welke stad zal ik gaan?" Hij antwoordde: "Naar Hebron." 2 Toen ging hij naar Hebron met zijn twee vrouwen: Ahinoam uit Jizreël en Abigaïl de weduwe van Nabal uit Karmel. 3 Ook nam David de mannen mee die bij hem waren, met hun gezinnen. Ze gingen in het gebied van Hebron wonen. 4 En de mannen van Juda zalfden David daar tot koning van de stam van Juda.
David hoorde dat de mannen van Jabes in Gilead Saul hadden begraven. 5 Daarom stuurde hij boodschappers naar hen toe die moesten zeggen: "De Heer zal jullie zegenen, omdat jullie goed zijn geweest voor jullie heer Saul en hem hebben begraven. 6 De Heer zal daarom ook goed voor jullie zijn, en ik ook. 7 Wees dapper en houd moed. Saul is wel gestorven, maar nu hebben de Judeeërs mij tot koning van de stam van Juda gezalfd."
De strijd tussen David en Isboset
8 Abner, de zoon van Ner, was de legeraanvoerder van Saul geweest. Hij had Sauls zoon Isboset meegenomen naar Mahanaïm. 9 Daar had hij Isboset koning gemaakt van Gilead, de stam van Aser, Jizreël, de stam van Efraïm en de stam van Benjamin. Dus over heel Israël, behalve de stam van Juda. 10 Isboset was toen 40 jaar. Hij regeerde twee jaar. Alleen de stam van Juda volgde David. 11 David regeerde zeven jaar en zes maanden in Hebron als koning van de stam van Juda.
12 Toen trok Abner met het leger van Isboset van Mahanaïm naar Gibeon. 13 Joab, de zoon van Zeruja, trok met Davids mannen ook naar Gibeon. De twee legers ontmoetten elkaar bij de vijver van Gibeon. Daar bleven ze ieder aan een kant van de vijver staan. 14 Toen zei Abner tegen Joab: "Laten de jonge mannen naar voren komen en met elkaar strijden om de overwinning." Joab antwoordde: "Dat is goed." 15 Toen kwamen twaalf jonge mannen uit de stam van Benjamin naar voren. Zij zouden namens de mannen van Isboset vechten met twaalf van Davids mannen. 16 Toen de strijd begon, grepen ze elkaar bij het hoofd en doorstaken elkaar onmiddellijk met hun zwaarden. Ze vielen allemaal dood neer. Daarom wordt die plaats vlak bij Gibeon Helkat-Hazurim (= 'veld van de scherpe zwaarden') genoemd. 17 Die dag werd er zwaar gevochten. Abner en het leger van Israël werden verslagen door het leger van David.
18 De drie zonen van Davids zus Zeruja waren daar ook: Joab, Abisaï en Asaël. Asaël was zo snel als een hert in het veld. 19 Hij achtervolgde Abner en gunde hem geen moment rust. 20 Abner draaide zich om en vroeg: "Ben jij dat, Asaël?" Hij antwoordde: "Ja." 21 Toen zei Abner: "Achtervolg liever iemand anders en neem hém zijn wapenrusting af." Maar Asaël wilde niet opgeven. 22 Toen zei Abner opnieuw tegen hem: "Stop alsjeblieft met mij te achtervolgen. Anders moet ik je doden. En hoe zou ik je broer Joab dan nog onder ogen durven komen?" Maar Asaël wilde Abner niet laten gaan. 23 Toen stak Abner hem zó hard met de achterkant[a] van zijn speer in zijn buik, dat hij er aan de andere kant weer uit kwam. Asaël viel neer en stierf. Iedereen die bij de plek kwam waar Asaël lag, bleef staan.
24 Maar Joab en Abisaï achtervolgden Abner. Toen de zon onderging kwamen ze bij de heuvel Amma. Die is aan de oostkant van Gia, langs de weg naar de woestijn van Gibeon. 25 Daar sloten de mannen van de stam van Benjamin zich bij Abner aan. Ze verzamelden zich op de top van de heuvel. 26 Abner riep naar Joab: "Moet het zwaard dan blijven doden? Begrijp je dan niet dat dit uitloopt op een vreselijke ramp? Hoelang ga je nog door, vóórdat je je mannen beveelt om te stoppen? We horen toch bij hetzelfde volk?" 27 Joab antwoordde: "Had dat eerder gezegd! Ik zweer bij de Heer dat we dan vanmorgen al terug zouden zijn gegaan. Dan hadden we jullie niet langer achtervolgd. Want we horen bij hetzelfde volk." 28 Toen blies Joab op de ramshoorn en al zijn mannen stopten met de achtervolging van Israël. Er werd niet meer gevochten.
29 Abner en zijn mannen trokken die hele nacht verder. Ze gingen door de vlakte, staken de Jordaan over en trokken heel Bitron door tot ze in Mahanaïm terug kwamen. 30 Joab keerde terug van de achtervolging van Abner. Hij riep zijn mannen terug. Behalve Asaël waren er nóg 19 van Davids mannen gedood. 31 Maar van de stam van Benjamin waren er veel meer gesneuveld. Wel 360 van Abners mannen waren dood. 32 Asaël werd opgehaald. Ze begroeven hem in het graf van zijn vader in Betlehem. Joab en zijn mannen trokken de hele nacht verder. Toen het licht begon te worden, kwamen ze terug in Hebron. (lees verder)
Footnotes
- 2 Samuël 2:23 Waarschijnlijk had hij Asaël niet willen doden, maar alleen neerstoten zodat hij de achtervolging zou opgeven.
2 Samuel 2
New Century Version
David Is Made King of Judah
2 Later, David prayed to the Lord, saying, “Should I go up to any of the cities of Judah?”
The Lord said to David, “Go.”
David asked, “Where should I go?”
The Lord answered, “To Hebron.”
2 So David went up to Hebron with his two wives: Ahinoam from Jezreel and Abigail, the widow of Nabal from Carmel. 3 David also brought his men and their families, and they all made their homes in the cities of Hebron. 4 Then the men of Judah came to Hebron and appointed David king over Judah.
They told David that the men of Jabesh Gilead had buried Saul. 5 So David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh Gilead and said to them, “The Lord bless you. You have shown loyalty to your master Saul by burying him. 6 May the Lord now be loyal and true to you. I will also treat you well because you have done this. 7 Now be strong and brave. Saul your master is dead, and the people of Judah have appointed me their king.”
War Between Judah and Israel
8 Abner son of Ner was the commander of Saul’s army. Abner took Saul’s son Ish-Bosheth to Mahanaim 9 and made him king of Gilead, Ashuri, Jezreel, Ephraim, Benjamin, and all Israel. 10 Saul’s son Ish-Bosheth was forty years old when he became king over Israel, and he ruled two years. But the people of Judah followed David. 11 David was king in Hebron for seven years and six months.
12 Abner son of Ner and the servants of Ish-Bosheth son of Saul left Mahanaim and went to Gibeon. 13 Joab son of Zeruiah and David’s men also went there and met Abner and Ish-Bosheth’s men at the pool of Gibeon. Abner’s group sat on one side of the pool; Joab’s group sat on the other.
14 Abner said to Joab, “Let the young men have a contest here.”
Joab said, “Yes, let them have a contest.”
15 Then the men got up and were counted—twelve from the people of Benjamin for Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, and twelve from David’s men. 16 Each man grabbed the one opposite him by the head and stabbed him in the side with a knife. So the men fell down together. For that reason, that place in Gibeon is called the Field of Knives. 17 That day there was a terrible battle, and David’s men defeated Abner and the Israelites.
Abner Kills Asahel
18 Zeruiah’s three sons, Joab, Abishai, and Asahel, were there. Now Asahel was a fast runner, as fast as a deer in the field. 19 Asahel chased Abner, going straight toward him. 20 Abner looked back and asked, “Is that you, Asahel?”
Asahel said, “Yes, it is.”
21 Then Abner said to Asahel, “Turn to your right or left and catch one of the young men and take his armor.” But Asahel refused to stop chasing him.
22 Abner again said to Asahel, “Stop chasing me! If you don’t stop, I’ll have to kill you! Then I won’t be able to face your brother Joab again!”
23 But Asahel refused to stop chasing Abner. So using the back end of his spear, Abner stabbed Asahel in the stomach, and the spear came out of his back. Asahel died right there, and everyone stopped when they came to the place where Asahel’s body lay.
24 But Joab and Abishai continued chasing Abner. As the sun was going down, they arrived at the hill of Ammah, near Giah on the way to the desert near Gibeon. 25 The men of Benjamin came to Abner, and all stood together at the top of the hill.
26 Abner shouted to Joab, “Must the sword kill forever? Surely you must know this will only end in sadness! Tell the people to stop chasing their own brothers!”
27 Then Joab said, “As surely as God lives, if you had not said anything, the people would have chased their brothers until morning.” 28 Then Joab blew a trumpet, and his people stopped chasing the Israelites. They did not fight them anymore.
29 Abner and his men marched all night through the Jordan Valley. They crossed the Jordan River, and after marching all day, arrived at Mahanaim.
30 After he had stopped chasing Abner, Joab came back and gathered the people together. Asahel and nineteen of David’s men were missing. 31 But David’s men had killed three hundred sixty Benjaminites who had followed Abner. 32 David’s men took Asahel and buried him in the tomb of his father at Bethlehem. Then Joab and his men marched all night. The sun came up as they reached Hebron.
2 Samuel 2
King James Version
2 And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the Lord, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the Lord said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron.
2 So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal's wife the Carmelite.
3 And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron.
4 And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabeshgilead were they that buried Saul.
5 And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabeshgilead, and said unto them, Blessed be ye of the Lord, that ye have shewed this kindness unto your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him.
6 And now the Lord shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing.
7 Therefore now let your hands be strengthened, and be ye valiant: for your master Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them.
8 But Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host, took Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim;
9 And made him king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel.
10 Ishbosheth Saul's son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.
11 And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.
12 And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ishbosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.
13 And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met together by the pool of Gibeon: and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool.
14 And Abner said to Joab, Let the young men now arise, and play before us. And Joab said, Let them arise.
15 Then there arose and went over by number twelve of Benjamin, which pertained to Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David.
16 And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together: wherefore that place was called Helkathhazzurim, which is in Gibeon.
17 And there was a very sore battle that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.
18 And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe.
19 And Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he turned not to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner.
20 Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Art thou Asahel? And he answered, I am.
21 And Abner said to him, Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour. But Asahel would not turn aside from following of him.
22 And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me: wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother?
23 Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.
24 Joab also and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon.
25 And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner, and became one troop, and stood on the top of an hill.
26 Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?
27 And Joab said, As God liveth, unless thou hadst spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone up every one from following his brother.
28 So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
29 And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, and passed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to Mahanaim.
30 And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men and Asahel.
31 But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.
32 And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Bethlehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day.
2 Samuel 2
New English Translation
David is Anointed King
2 Afterward David inquired of the Lord, “Should I go up to one of the cities of Judah?” The Lord told him, “Go up.” David asked, “Where should I go?” The Lord replied,[a] “To Hebron.” 2 So David went up, along with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelite and Abigail, formerly the wife of Nabal the Carmelite. 3 David also brought along the men who were with him, each with his family. They settled in the cities[b] of Hebron. 4 The men of Judah came and there they anointed David as king over the people[c] of Judah.
David was told,[d] “The people[e] of Jabesh Gilead are the ones who buried Saul.” 5 So David sent messengers to the people of Jabesh Gilead and told them, “May you be blessed by the Lord because you have shown this kindness[f] to your lord Saul by burying him. 6 Now may the Lord show you true kindness![g] I also will reward you,[h] because you have done this deed. 7 Now be courageous[i] and prove to be valiant warriors, for your lord Saul is dead. The people of Judah have anointed me as king over them.”
David’s Army Clashes with the Army of Saul
8 Now Abner son of Ner, the general in command of Saul’s army, had taken Saul’s son Ish Bosheth[j] and had brought him to Mahanaim. 9 He appointed him king over Gilead, the Geshurites,[k] Jezreel, Ephraim, Benjamin, and all Israel. 10 Ish Bosheth son of Saul was forty years old when he began to rule over Israel. He ruled two years. However, the people[l] of Judah followed David. 11 David was king in Hebron over the people of Judah for seven-and-a-half years.[m]
12 Then Abner son of Ner and the servants of Ish Bosheth son of Saul went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon. 13 Joab son of Zeruiah and the servants of David also went out and confronted them at the pool of Gibeon. One group stationed themselves on one side of the pool, and the other group on the other side of the pool. 14 Abner said to Joab, “Let the soldiers get up and fight[n] before us.” Joab said, “So be it!”[o]
15 So they got up and crossed over by number: twelve belonging to Benjamin and to Ish Bosheth son of Saul, and twelve from the servants of David. 16 As they grappled with one another, each one stabbed his opponent with his sword and they fell dead together.[p] So that place is called the Field of Flints;[q] it is in Gibeon.
17 Now the battle was very severe that day; Abner and the men of Israel were overcome by David’s soldiers.[r] 18 The three sons of Zeruiah were there—Joab, Abishai, and Asahel. (Now Asahel was as quick on his feet as one of the gazelles in the field.) 19 Asahel chased Abner, without turning to the right or to the left as he followed Abner.
20 Then Abner turned and asked, “Is that you, Asahel?” He replied, “Yes it is!” 21 Abner said to him, “Turn aside to your right or to your left. Capture one of the soldiers[s] and take his equipment for yourself!” But Asahel was not willing to turn aside from following him. 22 So Abner spoke again to Asahel, “Turn aside from following me! I do not want to strike you to the ground.[t] How then could I show[u] my face in the presence of Joab your brother?” 23 But Asahel[v] refused to turn aside. So Abner struck him in the abdomen with the back end of his[w] spear. The spear came out his back; Asahel[x] collapsed on the spot and died there right before Abner.[y] Everyone who came to the place where Asahel fell dead paused in respect.[z]
24 So Joab and Abishai chased Abner. At sunset they came to the hill of Ammah near Giah on the way to the wilderness of Gibeon. 25 The Benjaminites formed their ranks[aa] behind Abner and were like a single army, standing at the top of a certain hill.
26 Then Abner called out to Joab, “Must the sword devour forever? Don’t you realize that this will turn bitter in the end? When will you tell the people to turn aside from pursuing their brothers?” 27 Joab replied, “As surely as God lives, if you had not said this, it would have been morning before the people would have abandoned pursuit[ab] of their brothers.” 28 Then Joab blew the ram’s horn and all the people stopped in their tracks.[ac] They stopped chasing Israel and ceased fighting.[ad] 29 Abner and his men went through the rift valley[ae] all that night. They crossed the Jordan River[af] and went through the whole region of Bitron[ag] and came to Mahanaim.
30 Now Joab returned from chasing Abner and assembled all the people. Nineteen of David’s soldiers were missing, in addition to Asahel. 31 But David’s soldiers had slaughtered the Benjaminites and Abner’s men—in all, 360 men had died! 32 They took Asahel’s body and buried him in his father’s tomb at Bethlehem. Joab and his men then traveled all that night and reached Hebron by dawn.
Footnotes
- 2 Samuel 2:1 tn Heb “he said.” The referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
- 2 Samuel 2:3 tc The expression “the cities of Hebron” is odd; we would expect the noun to be in the singular, if used at all. Although the Syriac Peshitta has the expected reading “in Hebron,” the MT is clearly the more difficult reading and should probably be retained here.
- 2 Samuel 2:4 tn Heb “house.”
- 2 Samuel 2:4 tn Heb “and they told David.” The subject appears to be indefinite, allowing one to translate the verb as passive with David as subject.
- 2 Samuel 2:4 tn Heb “men.”
- 2 Samuel 2:5 tn Or “loyalty.”
- 2 Samuel 2:6 tn Or “loyalty and devotion.”
- 2 Samuel 2:6 tn Heb “will do with you this good.”
- 2 Samuel 2:7 tn Heb “let your hands be strong.”
- 2 Samuel 2:8 sn The name Ish Bosheth means in Hebrew “man of shame.” It presupposes an earlier form such as Ish Baal (“man of the Lord”), with the word “baal” being used of Israel’s God. But because the Canaanite storm god was named “Baal,” that part of the name was later replaced with the word “shame.”
- 2 Samuel 2:9 tc The MT here reads “the Ashurite,” but this is problematic if it is taken to mean “the Assyrian.” Ish Bosheth’s kingdom obviously was not of such proportions as to extend to Assyria. The Syriac Peshitta and the Vulgate render the word as “the Geshurite,” while the Targum has “of the house of Ashur.” We should probably emend the Hebrew text to read “the Geshurite.” The Geshurites lived in the northeastern part of the land of Palestine.
- 2 Samuel 2:10 tn Heb “house.”
- 2 Samuel 2:11 tn Heb “And the number of the days in which David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.”
- 2 Samuel 2:14 tn Heb “play.” What is in view here is a gladiatorial contest in which representative groups of soldiers engage in mortal combat before the watching armies. Cf. NAB “perform for us”; NASB “hold (have NRSV) a contest before us”; NLT “put on an exhibition of hand-to-hand combat.”
- 2 Samuel 2:14 tn Heb “let them arise.”
- 2 Samuel 2:16 tn Heb “and they grabbed each one the head of his neighbor with his sword in the side of his neighbor and they fell together.”
- 2 Samuel 2:16 tn The meaning of the name “Helkath Hazzurim” (so NIV; KJV, NASB, NRSV similar) is not clear. BHK relates the name to the Hebrew term for “side,” and this is reflected in NAB “the Field of the Sides”; the Greek OT revocalizes the Hebrew to mean something like “Field of Adversaries.” Cf. also TEV, NLT “Field of Swords”; CEV “Field of Daggers.”
- 2 Samuel 2:17 tn Heb “servants.” So also elsewhere.
- 2 Samuel 2:21 tn Heb “young men.” So also elsewhere.
- 2 Samuel 2:22 tn Heb “Why should I strike you to the ground?”
- 2 Samuel 2:22 tn Heb “lift.”
- 2 Samuel 2:23 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Asahel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- 2 Samuel 2:23 tn Heb “the.” The article functions here as a possessive pronoun.
- 2 Samuel 2:23 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Asahel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- 2 Samuel 2:23 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Abner) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- 2 Samuel 2:23 tn Heb “and they stand.”
- 2 Samuel 2:25 tn Heb “were gathered together.”
- 2 Samuel 2:27 tn The Hebrew verb נַעֲלָה (naʿalah) used here is the Niphal perfect third person masculine singular of עָלָה (ʿalah, “to go up”). In the Niphal this verb “is used idiomatically, of getting away from so as to abandon…especially of an army raising a siege…” (see S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel, 244).
- 2 Samuel 2:28 tn Heb “stood.”
- 2 Samuel 2:28 tn Heb “they no longer chased after Israel and they no longer fought.”
- 2 Samuel 2:29 sn The rift valley is a large geographic feature extending from Galilee to the Gulf of Aqaba. Here only a section of the Jordan Valley is in view.
- 2 Samuel 2:29 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity.
- 2 Samuel 2:29 tn Heb “and they went, all the Bitron.” The meaning of the Hebrew word “Bitron,” which is used only here in the OT, is disputed. The translation above follows BDB 144 s.v. בִּתְרוֹן in taking the word to be a proper name of an area east of the Jordan. A different understanding was advocated by W. R. Arnold, who took the word to refer to the forenoon or morning; a number of modern scholars and translations have adopted this view (cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV, CEV, NLT). See W. R. Arnold, “The Meaning of בתרון,” AJSL 28 (1911-1912): 274-83 and HALOT 167 s.v. In this case one could translate “and they traveled all morning long.”
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