Les serviteurs de la nouvelle alliance

En parlant ainsi, commençons-nous de nouveau à nous recommander nous-mêmes, ou avons-nous besoin, comme certains, de vous présenter des lettres de recommandation ou de vous en demander[a] ? Notre lettre c’est vous-mêmes, une lettre écrite dans notre cœur, que tout le monde peut connaître et lire. Il est évident que vous êtes une lettre que Christ a confiée à notre ministère et qu’il nous a fait écrire, non avec de l’encre, mais par l’Esprit du Dieu vivant, non sur des tablettes de pierre[b], mais sur des tablettes de chair : sur votre cœur[c].

Telle est l’assurance que nous avons par Christ, devant Dieu. Cela ne veut pas dire que nous puissions nous considérer par nous-mêmes à la hauteur d’une telle tâche[d] ; au contraire, notre capacité vient de Dieu. C’est lui qui nous a rendus capables d’être les serviteurs d’une nouvelle alliance qui ne dépend pas de la Loi, avec ses commandements écrits, mais de l’Esprit. Car la Loi, avec ses commandements écrits, inflige la mort. L’Esprit, lui, communique la vie.

Le ministère de Moïse, au service de la Loi, dont les lettres ont été gravées sur des pierres, a conduit à la mort. Cependant, ce ministère a été glorieux, au point que les Israélites n’ont pas pu regarder Moïse en face, à cause de la gloire, pourtant passagère, dont rayonnait son visage. Mais alors, le ministère au service de l’Esprit ne sera-t-il pas bien plus glorieux encore ?

En effet, si le ministère qui a entraîné la condamnation des hommes a été glorieux, combien plus glorieux est celui qui conduit les hommes à être déclarés justes par Dieu ! 10 On peut même dire que cette gloire du passé perd tout son éclat quand on la compare à la gloire présente qui lui est bien supérieure. 11 Car si ce qui est passager a été touché par la gloire, combien plus grande sera la gloire de ce qui demeure éternellement !

12 Cette espérance nous remplit d’assurance. 13 Nous ne faisons pas comme Moïse qui « couvrait son visage d’un voile » pour empêcher les Israélites de voir la réalité vers laquelle tendait ce qui était passager[e].

14 Mais leur esprit est devenu incapable de comprendre : aujourd’hui encore, lorsqu’ils lisent le Livre de l’Ancienne Alliance[f], ce même voile demeure ; il ne leur est pas ôté, car c’est dans l’union avec Christ qu’il est levé.

15 Aussi, jusqu’à ce jour, toutes les fois que les Israélites lisent les écrits de Moïse, un voile leur couvre l’esprit. 16 Mais, comme le dit l’Ecriture : Lorsque Moïse se tournait vers le Seigneur, il ôtait le voile[g]. 17 Le Seigneur dont parle le texte, c’est l’Esprit[h], et là où est l’Esprit du Seigneur, là règne la liberté.

18 Et nous tous qui, le visage découvert, contemplons[i], comme dans un miroir, la gloire du Seigneur, nous sommes transformés en son image dans une gloire dont l’éclat ne cesse de grandir. C’est là l’œuvre du Seigneur, c’est-à-dire de l’Esprit.

Footnotes

  1. 3.1 Les adversaires de Paul étaient venus à Corinthe munis de lettres de recommandation émanant probablement de Jérusalem. Avant de repartir, ils avaient demandé de telles lettres aux Corinthiens pour continuer leur mission dans d’autres Eglises.
  2. 3.3 Allusion aux tables de la Loi (Ex 24.12 ; 31.18 ; 34.28-29).
  3. 3.3 Voir Jr 31.33.
  4. 3.5 Autre traduction : cela ne veut pas dire que nous soyons capables de concevoir quelque chose par nous-mêmes.
  5. 3.13 Ex 34.35. D’autres comprennent : de voir le terme auquel tendait ce qui était passager.
  6. 3.14 C’est-à-dire l’Ancien Testament.
  7. 3.16 Ex 34.34. D’autres comprennent : lorsque quelqu’un se tourne vers le Seigneur, le voile est ôté.
  8. 3.17 D’autres comprennent : le Seigneur, c’est l’Esprit.
  9. 3.18 Autre traduction : reflétons.

Christ’s Epistle(A)

Do (B)we begin again to commend ourselves? Or do we need, as some others, (C)epistles of commendation to you or letters of commendation from you? (D)You are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read by all men; clearly you are an epistle of Christ, (E)ministered by us, written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God, not (F)on tablets of stone but (G)on tablets of flesh, that is, of the heart.

The Spirit, Not the Letter

And we have such trust through Christ toward God. (H)Not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think of anything as being from ourselves, but (I)our sufficiency is from God, who also made us sufficient as (J)ministers of (K)the new covenant, not (L)of the letter but of the [a]Spirit; for (M)the letter kills, (N)but the Spirit gives life.

Glory of the New Covenant

But if (O)the ministry of death, (P)written and engraved on stones, was glorious, (Q)so that the children of Israel could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of the glory of his countenance, which glory was passing away, how will (R)the ministry of the Spirit not be more glorious? For if the ministry of condemnation had glory, the ministry (S)of righteousness exceeds much more in glory. 10 For even what was made glorious had no glory in this respect, because of the glory that excels. 11 For if what is passing away was glorious, what remains is much more glorious.

12 Therefore, since we have such hope, (T)we use great boldness of speech— 13 unlike Moses, (U)who put a veil over his face so that the children of Israel could not look steadily at (V)the end of what was passing away. 14 But (W)their minds were blinded. For until this day the same veil remains unlifted in the reading of the Old Testament, because the veil is taken away in Christ. 15 But even to this day, when Moses is read, a veil lies on their heart. 16 Nevertheless (X)when one turns to the Lord, (Y)the veil is taken away. 17 Now (Z)the Lord is the Spirit; and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is (AA)liberty. 18 But we all, with unveiled face, beholding (AB)as in a mirror (AC)the glory of the Lord, (AD)are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as [b]by the Spirit of the Lord.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Corinthians 3:6 Or spirit
  2. 2 Corinthians 3:18 Or from the Lord, the Spirit

Ministers of the New Covenant

(A)Are we beginning to commend ourselves again? Or do we need, (B)as some do, (C)letters of recommendation to you, or from you? (D)You yourselves are our letter of recommendation, written on our[a] hearts, to be known and read by all. And you show that you are a letter from Christ delivered by us, written not with ink but with the Spirit of (E)the living God, not on (F)tablets of stone but on (G)tablets of (H)human hearts.[b]

(I)Such is the confidence that we have through Christ toward God. (J)Not that we are sufficient in ourselves to claim anything as coming from us, but (K)our sufficiency is from God, who has made us sufficient to be (L)ministers of (M)a new covenant, not of (N)the letter but of the Spirit. For the letter kills, but (O)the Spirit gives life.

Now if (P)the ministry of death, carved in letters on stone, came with such glory (Q)that the Israelites could not gaze at Moses' face because of its glory, which was being brought to an end, will not the ministry of the Spirit have even more glory? For if there was glory in (R)the ministry of condemnation, (S)the ministry of righteousness must far exceed it in glory. 10 Indeed, in this case, what once had glory has come to have no glory at all, because of the glory that surpasses it. 11 For if what was being brought to an end came with glory, much more will what is permanent have glory.

12 Since we have such a hope, (T)we are very bold, 13 not like Moses, (U)who would put a veil over his face so that the Israelites might not gaze at the outcome of what was being brought to an end. 14 But (V)their minds were (W)hardened. For to this day, (X)when they read (Y)the old covenant, that same veil remains unlifted, because only through Christ is it taken away. 15 Yes, to this day whenever Moses is read a veil lies over their hearts. 16 But when (Z)one[c] turns to the Lord, (AA)the veil is removed. 17 Now the Lord[d] is the Spirit, and where (AB)the Spirit of the Lord is, there is (AC)freedom. 18 And we all, with unveiled face, (AD)beholding (AE)the glory of the Lord,[e] (AF)are being transformed into the same image (AG)from one degree of glory to another.[f] For this comes from the Lord who is the Spirit.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Corinthians 3:2 Some manuscripts your
  2. 2 Corinthians 3:3 Greek fleshly hearts
  3. 2 Corinthians 3:16 Greek he
  4. 2 Corinthians 3:17 Or this Lord
  5. 2 Corinthians 3:18 Or reflecting the glory of the Lord
  6. 2 Corinthians 3:18 Greek from glory to glory

You yourselves are the proof of our ministry

1-3 Is this going to be more self-advertisement in your eyes? Do we need, as some apparently do, to exchange testimonials before we can be friends? You yourselves are our testimonial, written in our hearts and yet open for anyone to inspect and read. You are an open letter about Christ which we ourselves have written, not with pen and ink but with the Spirit of the living God. Our message has been engraved not in stone, but in living men and women.

4-6 We dare to say such things because of the confidence we have in God through Christ, and not because we are confident of our own powers. It is God who makes us competent administrators of the new agreement, and we deal not in the letter but in the Spirit. The letter of the Law leads to the death of the soul; the spirit of God alone can give life to the soul.

The splendour of our ministry outshines that of Moses

7-11 The administration of the Law which was engraved in stone (and which led in fact to spiritual death) was so magnificent that the Israelites were unable to look unflinchingly at Moses’ face, for it was alight with heavenly splendour. Now if the old administration held such heavenly, even though transitory, splendour, can we not see what a much more glorious thing is the new administration of the Spirit of life? If to administer a system which is to end in condemning men was a splendid task, how infinitely more splendid is it to administer a system which ends in making men good! And while it is true that the former temporary glory has been completely eclipsed by the latter, we do well to remember that is eclipsed simply because the present permanent plan is such a very much more glorious thing than the old.

Our ministry is an open and splendid thing

12-17 With this hope in our hearts we are quite frank and open in our ministry. We are not like Moses, who veiled his face to prevent the Israelites from seeing its fading glory. But it was their minds really which were blinded, for even today when the old agreement is read to them there is still a veil over their minds—though the veil has actually been lifted by Christ. Yes, alas, even to this day there is still a veil over their hearts when the writings of Moses are read. Yet if they “turned to the Lord” the veil would disappear. For the Lord to whom they could turn is the spirit of the new agreement, and wherever the Spirit of the Lord is, men’s souls are set free.

18 But all of us who are Christians have no veils on our faces, but reflect like mirrors the glory of the Lord. We are transfigured by the Spirit of the Lord in ever-increasing splendour into his own image.