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Ahaz’s Reign over Judah

16 In the seventeenth year of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah, Jotham’s son Ahaz became king over Judah. Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. He did not do what pleased the Lord his God, in contrast to his ancestor David.[a] He followed in the footsteps of[b] the kings of Israel. He passed his son through the fire,[c] a horrible sin practiced by the nations[d] whom the Lord drove out from before the Israelites. He offered sacrifices and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 16:2 tn Heb “and he did not do what was proper in the eyes of the Lord his God, like David his father.”
  2. 2 Kings 16:3 tn Heb “he walked in the way of.”
  3. 2 Kings 16:3 sn This may refer to child sacrifice, though some interpret it as a less drastic cultic practice. For discussion see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 266-67.
  4. 2 Kings 16:3 tn Heb “like the abominable practices of the nations.”

Hezekiah Becomes King of Judah

18 In the third year of the reign of Israel’s King Hoshea son of Elah, Ahaz’s son Hezekiah became king over Judah. He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother[a] was Abi,[b] the daughter of Zechariah. He did what the Lord approved, just as his ancestor David had done.[c] He eliminated the high places, smashed the sacred pillars to bits, and cut down the Asherah pole.[d] He also demolished the bronze serpent that Moses had made, for up to that time[e] the Israelites had been offering incense to it; it was called Nehushtan.[f] He trusted in the Lord God of Israel; in this regard there was none like him among the kings of Judah either before or after.[g] He was loyal to[h] the Lord and did not abandon him.[i] He obeyed the commandments that the Lord had given to[j] Moses.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 18:2 tn Heb “the name of his mother.”
  2. 2 Kings 18:2 tn The parallel passage in 2 Chr 29:1 has “Abijah.”
  3. 2 Kings 18:3 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the Lord, according to all which David his father had done.”
  4. 2 Kings 18:4 tn The term is singular in the MT but plural in the LXX and other ancient versions. It is also possible to regard the singular as a collective singular, especially in the context of other plural items.sn Asherah was a leading deity of the Canaanite pantheon, wife/sister of El and goddess of fertility. She was commonly worshiped at shrines in or near groves of evergreen trees, or, failing that, at places marked by wooden poles. These were to be burned or cut down (Deut 12:3; 16:21; Judg 6:25, 28, 30; 2 Kgs 18:4).
  5. 2 Kings 18:4 tn Heb “until those days.”
  6. 2 Kings 18:4 tn In Hebrew the name sounds like the phrase נְחַשׁ הַנְּחֹשֶׁת (nekhash hannekhoshet), “bronze serpent.”
  7. 2 Kings 18:5 tn Heb “and after him there was none like him among all the kings of Judah, and those who were before him.”
  8. 2 Kings 18:6 tn Heb “he hugged.”
  9. 2 Kings 18:6 tn Heb “and did not turn aside from after him.”
  10. 2 Kings 18:6 tn Heb “had commanded.”

Amon’s Reign over Judah

19 Amon was twenty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned for two years in Jerusalem. His mother[a] was Meshullemeth, the daughter of Haruz, from Jotbah. 20 He did evil in the sight of[b] the Lord, just as his father Manasseh had done. 21 He followed in the footsteps of his father[c] and worshiped and bowed down to the disgusting idols[d] that his father had worshiped.[e] 22 He abandoned the Lord, God of his ancestors, and did not follow the Lord’s instructions.[f] 23 Amon’s servants conspired against him and killed the king in his palace. 24 The people of the land executed all those who had conspired against King Amon, and they[g] made his son Josiah king in his place.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 21:19 tn Heb “the name of his mother.”
  2. 2 Kings 21:20 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
  3. 2 Kings 21:21 tn Heb “walked in all the way which his father walked.”
  4. 2 Kings 21:21 sn See the note at 1 Kgs 15:12.
  5. 2 Kings 21:21 tn Heb “and he served the disgusting idols which his father served and he bowed down to them.”
  6. 2 Kings 21:22 tn Heb “and did not walk in the way of the Lord.”
  7. 2 Kings 21:24 tn Heb “the people of the land.” The pronoun “they” has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons, to avoid the repetition of the phrase “the people of the land” from the beginning of the verse.

Josiah Repents

22 Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned for thirty-one years in Jerusalem. His mother[a] was Jedidah, daughter of Adaiah, from Bozkath. He did what the Lord approved[b] and followed in his ancestor David’s footsteps;[c] he did not deviate to the right or the left.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 22:1 tn Heb “the name of his mother.”
  2. 2 Kings 22:2 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the Lord.”
  3. 2 Kings 22:2 tn Heb “and walked in all the way of David his father.”

25 No king before or after repented before the Lord as he did, with his whole heart, soul, and being in accordance with the whole law of Moses.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 23:25 tn Heb “and like him there was not a king before him who returned to the Lord with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his being according to all the law of Moses, and after him none arose like him.”sn The description of Josiah’s devotion as involving his whole “heart, soul, and being” echoes the language of Deut 6:5.

Ahaz’s Reign

28 Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. He did not do what pleased the Lord, in contrast to his ancestor David.[a] He followed in the footsteps of[b] the kings of Israel; he also made images of the Baals. He offered sacrifices in the Valley of Ben Hinnom and passed his sons through the fire,[c] a horrible sin practiced by the nations[d] whom the Lord drove out before the Israelites. He offered sacrifices and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 28:1 tn Heb “and he did not do what was proper in the eyes of the Lord, like David his father.”
  2. 2 Chronicles 28:2 tn Heb “he walked in the ways of.”
  3. 2 Chronicles 28:3 sn This may refer to child sacrifice, though some interpret it as a less drastic cultic practice (NEB “burnt his sons in the fire”; NASB “burned his sons in the fire”; NIV “sacrificed his sons in the fire”; NRSV “made his sons pass through fire”). For discussion see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 266-67.
  4. 2 Chronicles 28:3 tn Heb “like the abominable practices of the nations.”

Hezekiah Consecrates the Temple

29 Hezekiah was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother[a] was Abijah,[b] the daughter of Zechariah. He did what the Lord approved, just as his ancestor David had done.[c]

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 29:1 tn Heb “the name of his mother.”
  2. 2 Chronicles 29:1 tn The parallel passage in 2 Kgs 18:2 has “Abi.”
  3. 2 Chronicles 29:2 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the Lord, according to all which David his father had done.”

20 This is what Hezekiah did throughout Judah. He did what the Lord his God considered good and right and faithful. 21 He wholeheartedly and successfully reinstituted service in God’s temple and obedience to the law, in order to follow his God.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 31:21 tn Heb “and in all the work which he began with regard to the service of the house of God and with respect to the law and with respect to the commandment, to seek his God; with all his heart he acted and he succeeded.”

Amon’s Reign

21 Amon was twenty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned for two years in Jerusalem. 22 He did evil in the sight of[a] the Lord, just as his father Manasseh had done. Amon offered sacrifices to all the idols his father Manasseh had made, and worshiped[b] them. 23 He did not humble himself before the Lord as his father Manasseh had done.[c] Amon was guilty of great sin.[d] 24 His servants conspired against him and killed him in his palace. 25 The people of the land executed all who had conspired against King Amon, and they[e] made his son Josiah king in his place.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 33:22 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
  2. 2 Chronicles 33:22 tn Or “served.”
  3. 2 Chronicles 33:23 tn Heb “as Manasseh his father had humbled himself.”
  4. 2 Chronicles 33:23 tn Heb “for he, Amon, multiplied guilt.”
  5. 2 Chronicles 33:25 tn Heb “and the people of the land.”

Josiah Institutes Religious Reforms

34 Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned for thirty-one years in Jerusalem. He did what the Lord approved[a] and followed in his ancestor David’s footsteps;[b] he did not deviate to the right or the left.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 34:2 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the Lord.”
  2. 2 Chronicles 34:2 tn Heb “and walked in the ways of David his father.”

33 Josiah removed all the detestable idols from all the areas belonging to the Israelites and encouraged[a] all who were in Israel to worship the Lord their God. Throughout the rest of his reign[b] they did not turn aside from following the Lord God of their ancestors.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 34:33 tn Or “caused, forced.”
  2. 2 Chronicles 34:33 tn Heb “All his days.”

14 “But suppose he in turn has a son who notices all the sins his father commits, considers them, and does not follow his father’s example.[a] 15 He does not eat pagan sacrifices on the mountains, does not pray to the idols of the house of Israel, does not defile his neighbor’s wife, 16 does not oppress anyone or keep what has been given in pledge, does not commit robbery, gives his food to the hungry and clothes the naked, 17 refrains from wrongdoing,[b] does not engage in usury or charge interest, carries out my regulations, and follows my statutes. He will not die for his father’s iniquity;[c] he will surely live. 18 As for his father, because he practices extortion, robs his brother, and does what is not good among his people, he will die for his iniquity.

19 “Yet you say, ‘Why should the son not suffer[d] for his father’s iniquity?’ When the son does what is just and right, and observes all my statutes and carries them out, he will surely live. 20 The person who sins is the one who will die. A son will not suffer[e] for his father’s iniquity, and a father will not suffer[f] for his son’s iniquity; the righteous person will be judged according to his righteousness, and the wicked person according to his wickedness.[g]

21 “But if the wicked person turns from all the sin he has committed and observes all my statutes and does what is just and right, he will surely live; he will not die. 22 None of the sins he has committed will be held[h] against him; because of the righteousness he has done, he will live. 23 Do I actually delight in the death of the wicked, declares the Sovereign Lord? Do I not prefer that he turn from his wicked conduct and live?

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Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 18:14 tn Heb “and he sees and does not do likewise.”
  2. Ezekiel 18:17 tc This translation follows the LXX. The MT reads: “restrains his hand from the poor,” which makes no sense here.
  3. Ezekiel 18:17 tn Or “in his father’s punishment.” The phrase “in/for [a person’s] iniquity/punishment” occurs fourteen times in Ezekiel: here and in vv. 18, 19, 20; 3:18, 19; 4:17; 7:13, 16; 24:23; 33:6, 8, 9; 39:23. The Hebrew word for “iniquity” may also mean the “punishment for iniquity.”
  4. Ezekiel 18:19 tn Heb “lift up, bear.”
  5. Ezekiel 18:20 tn Heb “lift up, bear.”
  6. Ezekiel 18:20 tn Heb “lift up, bear.”
  7. Ezekiel 18:20 tn Heb “the righteousness of the righteous one will be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked one will be upon him.”
  8. Ezekiel 18:22 tn Heb “remembered.”

10 Even if my father and mother abandoned me,[a]
the Lord would take me in.[b]

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Footnotes

  1. Psalm 27:10 tn Or “though my father and mother have abandoned me.”
  2. Psalm 27:10 tn Heb “gather me in”; or “receive me.”

16 Fathers must not be put to death for what their children[a] do, nor children for what their fathers do; each must be put to death for his own sin.

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Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 24:16 tn Heb “sons” (so NASB; twice in this verse). Many English versions, including the KJV, read “children” here.

Eliab’s descendants were Nemuel, Dathan, and Abiram. It was Dathan and Abiram who as leaders of the community rebelled against Moses and Aaron with the followers[a] of Korah when they rebelled against the Lord. 10 The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them and Korah at the time that company died, when the fire consumed 250 men. So they became a warning. 11 But the descendants of Korah did not die.

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Footnotes

  1. Numbers 26:9 tn Or “company” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); Heb “congregation.”

19 Shallum son of Kore, son of Ebiasaph, son of Korah, and his relatives from his family (the Korahites) were assigned to guard the entrance to the sanctuary.[a] Their ancestors had guarded the entrance to the Lord’s dwelling place.[b]

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Chronicles 9:19 tn Heb “and his brothers belonging to the house of his father, the Korachites, to the work of the task, guardians of the threshold of the tent.”
  2. 1 Chronicles 9:19 tn Heb “and their fathers to the camp of the Lord, guardians of the entrance.” Here “fathers” is used in a more general sense of “forefathers” or “ancestors” and is not limited specifically to their fathers only.