Hiram’s Building Materials

5 ^[a]Hiram king of Tyre^(A) sent his servants to Solomon when he heard that he had been anointed king in his father’s place,^(B) for Hiram had always been friends with David.^(C)

² Solomon sent this message to Hiram: ³ “You know my father David was not able to build a temple for the name of Yahweh his God. This was because of the warfare all around him until the Lord put his enemies under his feet.^{(D) 4} The Lord my God has now given me rest all around; there is no enemy or crisis.^{(E) 5} So I plan to build a temple for the name of Yahweh my God,^(F) according to what the Lord promised my father David: ‘I will put your son on your throne in your place, and he will build the temple for My name.’^(G)

⁶ “Therefore, command that cedars from Lebanon be cut down for me. My servants will be with your servants, and I will pay your servants’ wages according to whatever you say, for you know that not a man among us knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians.”^(H)

⁷ When Hiram heard Solomon’s words, he greatly rejoiced and said, “May the Lord be praised today!^(I) He has given David a wise son to be over this great people!” ⁸ Then Hiram sent a reply to Solomon, saying, “I have heard your message; I will do everything you want regarding the cedar and cypress timber. ⁹ My servants will bring the logs down from Lebanon to the sea, and I will make them into rafts to go by sea to the place you indicate. I will break them apart there, and you can take them away. You then can meet my needs by providing my household with food.”^(J)

¹⁰ So Hiram provided Solomon with all the cedar and cypress timber he wanted, ¹¹ and Solomon provided Hiram with 100,000 bushels^[b] of wheat as food for his household and 110,000 gallons^[c] of oil from crushed olives.^(K) Solomon did this for Hiram year after year.

¹² The Lord gave Solomon wisdom, as He had promised him.^(L) There was peace between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a treaty.^(M)

Solomon’s Letter to Hiram

2 ^[a]Solomon decided to build a temple for the name of Yahweh and a royal palace for himself,^{(A) 2 [b]}so he assigned 70,000 men as porters, 80,000 men as stonecutters in the mountains, and 3,600 as supervisors over them.^(B)

³ Then Solomon sent word to King Hiram^[c](C) of Tyre:^(D)

Hiram’s Reply

¹¹ Then King Hiram of Tyre wrote a letter^[i] and sent it to Solomon:

¹² Hiram also said:

Solomon’s Work Force

¹⁷ Solomon took a census of all the foreign men in the land of Israel, after the census that his father David had conducted,^(W) and the total was 153,600. ¹⁸ Solomon made 70,000 of them porters, 80,000 stonecutters in the mountains, and 3,600 supervisors to make the people work.^(X)

Solomon’s Work Force

¹³ Then King Solomon drafted forced laborers from all Israel;^(A) the labor force numbered 30,000 men. ¹⁴ He sent 10,000 to Lebanon each month in shifts; one month they were in Lebanon, two months they were at home. Adoniram was in charge of the forced labor. ¹⁵ Solomon had 70,000 porters and 80,000 stonecutters in the mountains,^{(B) 16} not including his 3,300^[a] deputies^(C) in charge of the work. They ruled over the people doing the work. ¹⁷ The king commanded them to quarry large, costly stones to lay the foundation of the temple with dressed stones.^{(D) 18} So Solomon’s builders and Hiram’s builders,^(E) along with the Gebalites,^(F) quarried the stone and prepared the timber and stone for the temple’s construction.

Solomon’s Forced Labor

¹⁵ This is the account of the forced labor^(A) that King Solomon had imposed to build the Lord’s temple, his own palace, the supporting terraces,^(B) the wall of Jerusalem,^(C) and Hazor,^(D) Megiddo,^(E) and Gezer.^{(F) 16} Pharaoh king of Egypt had attacked and captured Gezer. He then burned it down, killed the Canaanites who lived in the city, and gave it as a dowry to his daughter, Solomon’s wife.^(G)

²⁰ As for all the peoples who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, who were not Israelites— ²¹ their descendants who remained in the land after them, those whom the Israelites were unable to completely destroy^(A)—Solomon imposed forced labor on them; it is this way until today.^{(B) 22} But Solomon did not consign the Israelites to slavery;^(C) they were soldiers, his servants, his commanders, his captains, and commanders of his chariots and his cavalry. ²³ These were the deputies^(D) who were over Solomon’s work: 550 who ruled over the people doing the work.^(E)

⁷ As for all the peoples who remained of the Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, who were not from Israel^(A)— ⁸ their descendants who remained in the land after them, those the Israelites had not completely destroyed—Solomon imposed forced labor on them; it is this way today.^{(B) 9} But Solomon did not consign the Israelites to be slaves for his work; they were soldiers, commanders of his captains, and commanders of his chariots and his cavalry. ¹⁰ These were King Solomon’s deputies: 250 who ruled over the people.

Building the Temple

6 Solomon began to build the temple for the Lord in the four hundred eightieth year^(A) after the Israelites came out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of his reign over Israel, in the second month, in the month of Ziv.^{[a](B) 2} The temple that King Solomon built for the Lord^(C) was 90 feet^[b] long, 30 feet^[c] wide, and 45 feet^[d] high.^{(D) 3} The portico in front of the temple sanctuary was 30 feet^[e] long extending across the temple’s width, and 15 feet deep^[f] in front of the temple.^{(E) 4} He also made windows with beveled frames^[g] for the temple.^(F)

⁵ He then built a chambered structure^[h] along the temple wall, encircling the walls of the temple, that is, the sanctuary and the inner sanctuary.^(G) And he made side chambers^[i] all around.^{(H) 6} The lowest chamber was 7½ feet^[j] wide, the middle was nine feet^[k] wide, and the third was 10½ feet^[l] wide. He also provided offset ledges for the temple all around the outside so that nothing would be inserted into the temple walls. ⁷ The temple’s construction used finished stones cut at the quarry so that no hammer, chisel, or any iron tool was heard in the temple while it was being built.^(I)

⁸ The door for the lowest^[m] side chamber was on the right side of the temple. They^[n] went up a stairway^[o] to the middle chamber, and from the middle to the third. ⁹ When he finished building the temple,^(J) he paneled it with boards and planks of cedar. ¹⁰ He built the chambers along the entire temple, joined to the temple with cedar beams;^(K) each story was 7½ feet^[p] high.

¹¹ The word of the Lord came to Solomon:^{(L) 12} “As for this temple you are building—if you walk in My statutes, observe My ordinances, and keep all My commands by walking in them,^(M) I will fulfill My promise to you, which I made to your father David.^{(N) 13} I will live among the Israelites and not abandon My people Israel.”^(O)

¹⁴ When Solomon finished building the temple,^{[q](P) 15} he paneled the interior temple walls with cedar boards; from the temple floor to the surface of the ceiling he overlaid the interior with wood. He also overlaid the floor with cypress boards.^{(Q) 16} Then he lined 30 feet^[r] of the rear of the temple with cedar boards from the floor to the surface of the ceiling,^[s] and he built the interior as an inner sanctuary, the most holy place.^{(R) 17} The temple, that is, the sanctuary in front of the most holy place,^[t] was 60 feet^[u] long. ¹⁸ The cedar paneling inside the temple was carved with ornamental gourds^(S) and flower blossoms. Everything was cedar;^(T) not a stone could be seen.

¹⁹ He prepared the inner sanctuary^(U) inside the temple to put the ark of the Lord’s covenant^(V) there. ²⁰ The interior of the sanctuary was 30 feet^[v] long, 30 feet^[w] wide, and 30 feet^[x] high; he overlaid it with pure gold.^(W) He also overlaid the cedar altar. ²¹ Next, Solomon overlaid the interior of the temple with pure gold, and he hung^[y] gold chains^(X) across the front of the inner sanctuary^(Y) and overlaid it with gold. ²² So he added the gold overlay to the entire temple until everything was completely finished, including the entire altar^(Z) that belongs to the inner sanctuary.

²³ In the inner sanctuary he made two cherubim^(AA) 15 feet^[z] high out of olive wood. ²⁴ One wing of the first cherub was 7½ feet long,^[aa] and the other wing was 7½ feet long. The wingspan was 15 feet^[ab] from tip to tip. ²⁵ The second cherub also was 15 feet;^[ac] both cherubim had the same size and shape. ²⁶ The first cherub’s height was 15 feet^[ad] and so was the second cherub’s. ²⁷ Then he put the cherubim inside the inner temple. Since their wings were spread out, the first one’s wing touched one wall while the second cherub’s wing touched the other^[ae] wall, and in the middle of the temple their wings were touching wing to wing.^{(AB) 28} He also overlaid the cherubim with gold.

²⁹ He carved all the surrounding temple walls with carved engravings—cherubim,^(AC) palm trees and flower blossoms—in both the inner and outer sanctuaries. ³⁰ He overlaid the temple floor with gold in both the inner and outer sanctuaries.

³¹ For the entrance of the inner sanctuary, he made olive wood doors.^(AD) The pillars of the doorposts were five-sided.^{[af] 32} The two doors were made of olive wood. He carved cherubim, palm trees, and flower blossoms on them and overlaid them with gold, hammering gold over the cherubim and palm trees. ³³ In the same way, he made four-sided^[ag] olive wood doorposts for the sanctuary entrance. ³⁴ The two doors^(AE) were made of cypress wood; the first door had two folding sides, and the second door had two folding panels. ³⁵ He carved cherubim, palm trees, and flower blossoms on them and overlaid them with gold applied evenly over the carving. ³⁶ He built the inner courtyard^(AF) with three rows of dressed stone^(AG) and a row of trimmed cedar beams.

³⁷ The foundation of the Lord’s temple was laid in Solomon’s fourth year in the month of Ziv. ³⁸ In his eleventh year in the eighth month, in the month of Bul,^[ah] the temple was completed in every detail and according to every specification.^(AH) So he built it in seven years.^(AI)

Building the Temple

3 Then Solomon began^(A) to build the Lord’s temple in Jerusalem on Mount Moriah^(B) where the Lord^[a] had appeared to his father David, at the site David had prepared on the threshing floor of Ornan^[b] the Jebusite. ² He began to build on the second day of the second month in the fourth year of his reign. ³ These are Solomon’s foundations^[c] for building God’s temple: the length^[d] was 90 feet,^[e] and the width 30 feet.^{[f] 4} The portico, which was across the front extending across the width of the temple, was 30 feet^[g] wide; its height was 30 feet;^[h][i] he overlaid its inner surface with pure gold. ⁵ The larger room^[j] he paneled with cypress wood, overlaid with fine gold, and decorated with palm trees and chains. ⁶ He adorned the temple with precious stones for beauty, and the gold was the gold of Parvaim. ⁷ He overlaid the temple—the beams, the thresholds, its walls and doors—with gold,^(C) and he carved cherubim on the walls.^(D)

The Most Holy Place

⁸ Then he made the most holy place; its length corresponded to the width of the temple, 30 feet,^[k] and its width was 30 feet.^[l](E) He overlaid it with 45,000 pounds^[m] of fine gold. ⁹ The weight of the nails was 20 ounces^[n] of gold, and he overlaid the ceiling with gold.

¹⁰ He made^(F) two cherubim of sculptured work, for the most holy place, and he overlaid them with gold. ¹¹ The overall length of the wings of the cherubim was 30 feet:^[o] the wing of one was 7½ feet,^[p] touching the wall of the room; its other wing was 7½ feet,^[q] touching the wing of the other cherub. ¹² The wing of the other^[r] cherub was 7½ feet,^[s] touching the wall of the room; its other wing was 7½ feet,^[t] reaching the wing of the other cherub. ¹³ The wingspan of these cherubim was 30 feet.^[u] They stood on their feet and faced the larger room.^[v]

¹⁴ He made the veil of blue, purple, and crimson yarn and fine linen, and he wove cherubim into it.^(G)

The Bronze Pillars

¹⁵ In front of the temple^(H) he made two pillars, each 27 feet^[w][x] high. The capital on top of each was 7½ feet^[y] high. ¹⁶ He had made chainwork in the inner sanctuary and also put it on top of the pillars.^(I) He made 100 pomegranates and fastened them into the chainwork. ¹⁷ Then he set up the pillars in front of the sanctuary, one on the right and one on the left. He named the one on the right Jachin^[z] and the one on the left Boaz.^[aa]