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David dans la caverne d’Adullam, puis en Moab

22 David partit de là, et se sauva dans la caverne d’Adullam. Ses frères et toute la maison de son père l’apprirent, et ils descendirent vers lui. Tous ceux qui se trouvaient dans la détresse, qui avaient des créanciers, ou qui étaient mécontents, se rassemblèrent auprès de lui, et il devint leur chef. Ainsi se joignirent à lui environ quatre cents hommes.

De là David s’en alla à Mitspé dans le pays de Moab. Il dit au roi de Moab: Permets, je te prie, à mon père et à ma mère de se retirer chez vous, jusqu’à ce que je sache ce que Dieu fera de moi. Et il les conduisit devant le roi de Moab, et ils demeurèrent avec lui tout le temps que David fut dans la forteresse.

Le prophète Gad dit à David: Ne reste pas dans la forteresse, va-t’en, et entre dans le pays de Juda. Et David s’en alla, et parvint à la forêt de Héreth.

Massacre des sacrificateurs de Nob sur l’ordre de Saül

Saül apprit que l’on avait des renseignements sur David et sur ses gens. Saül était assis sous le tamaris, à Guibea, sur la hauteur; il avait sa lance à la main, et tous ses serviteurs se tenaient près de lui. Et Saül dit à ses serviteurs qui se tenaient près de lui: Ecoutez, Benjamites! Le fils d’Isaï vous donnera-t-il à tous des champs et des vignes? Fera-t-il de vous tous des chefs de mille et des chefs de cent? Sinon, pourquoi avez-vous tous conspiré contre moi, et n’y a-t-il personne qui m’informe de l’alliance de mon fils avec le fils d’Isaï? Pourquoi n’y a-t-il personne de vous qui souffre à mon sujet, et qui m’avertisse que mon fils a soulevé mon serviteur contre moi, afin qu’il me dresse des embûches, comme il le fait aujourd’hui?

Doëg, l’Edomite, qui se trouvait aussi parmi les serviteurs de Saül, répondit: J’ai vu le fils d’Isaï venir à Nob, auprès d’Achimélec, fils d’Achithub. 10 Achimélec a consulté pour lui l’Eternel, il lui a donné des vivres et lui a remis l’épée de Goliath, le Philistin.

11 Le roi envoya chercher Achimélec, fils d’Achithub, le sacrificateur, et toute la maison de son père, les sacrificateurs qui étaient à Nob. Ils se rendirent tous vers le roi. 12 Saül dit: Ecoute, fils d’Achithub! Il répondit: Me voici, mon seigneur! 13 Saül lui dit: Pourquoi avez-vous conspiré contre moi, toi et le fils d’Isaï? Pourquoi lui as-tu donné du pain et une épée, et as-tu consulté Dieu pour lui, afin qu’il s’élève contre moi et me dresse des embûches, comme il le fait aujourd’hui? 14 Achimélec répondit au roi: Lequel d’entre tous tes serviteurs peut être comparé au fidèle David, gendre du roi, dévoué à ses ordres, et honoré dans ta maison? 15 Est-ce aujourd’hui que j’ai commencé à consulter Dieu pour lui? Loin de moi! Que le roi ne mette rien à la charge de son serviteur ni de personne de la maison de mon père, car ton serviteur ne connaît de tout ceci aucune chose, petite ou grande.

16 Le roi dit: Tu mourras, Achimélec, toi et toute la maison de ton père. 17 Et le roi dit aux coureurs qui se tenaient près de lui: Tournez-vous, et mettez à mort les sacrificateurs de l’Eternel; car ils sont d’accord avec David, ils ont bien su qu’il s’enfuyait, et ils ne m’ont point averti. Mais les serviteurs du roi ne voulurent pas avancer la main pour frapper les sacrificateurs de l’Eternel. 18 Alors le roi dit à Doëg: Tourne-toi, et frappe les sacrificateurs. Et Doëg, l’Edomite, se tourna, et ce fut lui qui frappa les sacrificateurs; il fit mourir en ce jour quatre-vingt-cinq hommes portant l’éphod de lin. 19 Saül frappa encore du tranchant de l’épée Nob, ville sacerdotale; hommes et femmes, enfants et nourrissons, bœufs, ânes et brebis, tombèrent sous le tranchant de l’épée.

20 Un fils d’Achimélec, fils d’Achithub, échappa. Son nom était Abiathar. Il s’enfuit auprès de David, 21 et lui rapporta que Saül avait tué les sacrificateurs de l’Eternel. 22 David dit à Abiathar: J’ai bien pensé ce jour même que Doëg, l’Edomite, se trouvant là, ne manquerait pas d’informer Saül. C’est moi qui suis cause de la mort de toutes les personnes de la maison de ton père. 23 Reste avec moi, ne crains rien, car celui qui cherche ma vie cherche la tienne; près de moi tu seras bien gardé.

Chapter 22

David Flees. David left and escaped to the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and all of his father’s household heard, they went down to him there. Everyone who was in distress, everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented gathered around him, and he became their leader. He had about four hundred men with him.[a]

From there, David traveled to Mizpah in Moab. He said to the king of Moab, “Please let my father and my mother stay with you until I know what God will do with me.” He brought them to the king of Moab, and they lived with him the whole time that David was in the stronghold.

But the prophet Gad said to David, “Do not stay in the stronghold.[b] Leave, and go to the land of Judah.” David left and went into the forest of Hareth.

Doeg Betrays Ahimelech. Saul heard that David and his men had been discovered. Saul, holding a spear in his hand, was sitting in Gibeah under the tree of Ramah, and all of his servants were standing around him. Saul said to his servants who were standing around him, “Hear now, you Benjaminites. Will each of you give fields and vineyards to the son of Jesse? Will you all be officers of thousands and officers of hundreds? Is that why all of you have conspired against me? No one tells me when my son makes a covenant with the son of Jesse. None of you is concerned about me or tells me that my son has incited my servant to lie in wait for me today.”

But Doeg the Edomite, who was standing with Saul’s servants, said, “I saw the son of Jesse go to Nob, to Ahimelech, the son of Ahitub. 10 Ahimelech inquired of the Lord for him, and he gave him provisions, and he gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”

11 Saul Slays the Priests. The king summoned Ahimelech, the son of Ahitub, the priest, as well as all of his father’s family in Nob who were also priests. All of them came to the king. 12 He said, “Listen now, O son of Ahitub.” He answered, “Here I am, my lord.” 13 Saul said to him, “Why have you conspired with the son of Jesse against me? You gave him bread and a sword. You inquired of God whether he should lie in wait for me today.”

14 Ahimelech answered the king, “Who among all of your servants is as faithful as David, the king’s son-in-law, who goes about at your bidding, and who is respected in your house? 15 Was that the first time I inquired of the Lord for him? No! Let the king not accuse your servant or any of my father’s family, for your servant knows absolutely nothing about any of this.”

16 The king said, “You must die, Ahimelech, you and all of your father’s family.” 17 The king said to the guards who were standing around him, “Turn around and kill the priests of the Lord, for they are in league with David. They knew about his fleeing, and they did not tell me.” But the king’s servants would not stretch out their hands to fall upon the priests of the Lord.

18 So the king said to Doeg, “You turn around and fall upon the priests.” Doeg the Edomite turned around, and he fell upon the priests, killing eighty-five men who wore a linen ephod that day. 19 He put Nob, the city of the priests, to the sword: men, women, children and infants, oxen, donkeys, and sheep.

20 Abiathar Escapes. Now one of the sons of Ahimelech, the son of Ahitub, escaped. He was named Abiathar, and he fled to David. 21 Abiathar told David that Saul had killed the Lord’s priests. 22 David said to Abiathar, “I knew that day, when I saw that Doeg the Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul. I have caused the death of everyone in your father’s family. 23 Stay with me, and do not be afraid. The same man who seeks my life seeks your life as well, but you will be safe with me.”[c]

Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 22:2 David, himself a fugitive, gathers around him a motley crew of followers, who somehow remain faithful to him and who become military leaders and “mighty men” (2 Sam 23:8).
  2. 1 Samuel 22:5 Stronghold: a safe place, most likely connected with the cave in verse 1.
  3. 1 Samuel 22:23 You will be safe with me: unlike Saul, who destroyed the priesthood, David takes Abiathar, the lone survivor, under his wing.

22 David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his brethren and all his father's house heard it, they went down thither to him.

And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.

And David went thence to Mizpeh of Moab: and he said unto the king of Moab, Let my father and my mother, I pray thee, come forth, and be with you, till I know what God will do for me.

And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the hold.

And the prophet Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold; depart, and get thee into the land of Judah. Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hareth.

When Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him, (now Saul abode in Gibeah under a tree in Ramah, having his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him;)

Then Saul said unto his servants that stood about him, Hear now, ye Benjamites; will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards, and make you all captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds;

That all of you have conspired against me, and there is none that sheweth me that my son hath made a league with the son of Jesse, and there is none of you that is sorry for me, or sheweth unto me that my son hath stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?

Then answered Doeg the Edomite, which was set over the servants of Saul, and said, I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub.

10 And he enquired of the Lord for him, and gave him victuals, and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.

11 Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father's house, the priests that were in Nob: and they came all of them to the king.

12 And Saul said, Hear now, thou son of Ahitub. And he answered, Here I am, my lord.

13 And Saul said unto him, Why have ye conspired against me, thou and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast enquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?

14 Then Ahimelech answered the king, and said, And who is so faithful among all thy servants as David, which is the king's son in law, and goeth at thy bidding, and is honourable in thine house?

15 Did I then begin to enquire of God for him? be it far from me: let not the king impute any thing unto his servant, nor to all the house of my father: for thy servant knew nothing of all this, less or more.

16 And the king said, Thou shalt surely die, Ahimelech, thou, and all thy father's house.

17 And the king said unto the footmen that stood about him, Turn, and slay the priests of the Lord: because their hand also is with David, and because they knew when he fled, and did not shew it to me. But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the Lord.

18 And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod.

19 And Nob, the city of the priests, smote he with the edge of the sword, both men and women, children and sucklings, and oxen, and asses, and sheep, with the edge of the sword.

20 And one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David.

21 And Abiathar shewed David that Saul had slain the Lord's priests.

22 And David said unto Abiathar, I knew it that day, when Doeg the Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul: I have occasioned the death of all the persons of thy father's house.

23 Abide thou with me, fear not: for he that seeketh my life seeketh thy life: but with me thou shalt be in safeguard.