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Chapter 20

David and Jonathan’s Friendship. David fled from Naioth in Ramah and he went to Jonathan and said, “What have I done? What is my crime? How have I wronged your father that he is trying to take my life?” He answered him, “You will surely not die! Everything that my father does, whether it is important or insignificant, he confides to me. Why would my father hide this from me? It is just not so.” But David swore an oath saying, “Your father knows very well that you like me, so he said to himself, ‘I will not let Jonathan know about it, lest he be grieved by it.’ As the Lord lives and as you live, there is only one step between me and death.”

So Jonathan said to David, “Whatever you want me to do for you, I will do it.” David said to Jonathan, “Tomorrow is the new moon celebration,[a] and I am supposed to dine with the king. Let me go and hide myself in the field until the evening of the day after tomorrow. If your father should miss me, tell him, ‘David begged me for permission to hurry to Bethlehem because they are offering an annual sacrifice there for the whole clan.’ If he says, ‘That is fine,’ then your servant is safe. But if he becomes very angry, you can be sure that he is plotting harm. Deal kindly with your servant, for you have entered into a covenant before the Lord with your servant. If I am guilty, kill me yourself, why should you hand me over to your father?”

Jonathan answered, “Never! If I knew for sure that my father was planning to harm you, would I not tell you?” 10 David asked Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father’s answer is harsh?” 11 Jonathan said, “Come. Let us go out into the field.” So they went out into the field together. 12 Jonathan said to David, “By the Lord, the God of Israel, by this time on the day after tomorrow, I will have sounded out my father. If he is well disposed toward David, will I not send word to you to let you know? 13 Otherwise, may the Lord do this and more to Jonathan. But if my father wishes to harm you, I will send you away so that you can be safe. May the Lord be with you as he has been with my father. 14 Only will you not treat me with the Lord’s kindness as long as I live, so that I not be killed? 15 Never cease being kind to my family, even when the Lord has eliminated all of David’s enemies from the face of the earth.”

16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David saying, “May the Lord take vengeance on all of David’s enemies.” 17 Jonathan made David swear again by his love for him, for he loved him more than he loved himself.

18 Then Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is a new moon, and you will be missed because your seat will be empty. 19 The day after tomorrow, hurry down to the place where you hid yourself when this trouble began, and stay by the stone of Ezel. 20 I will shoot three arrows off to the side of it, as if I were shooting at a target. 21 Then I will send a boy out saying, ‘Go and find the arrows.’ If I say to him, ‘Look, the arrows are on this side of you. Bring them,’ then, as the Lord lives, you are safe, there is no danger. 22 But if I say to the boy, ‘Look, the arrows are ahead of you,’ then go on your way, for the Lord is sending you. 23 The Lord is a witness between me and you forever in regard to the things about which we have spoken.”

24 David’s Absence. So David hid himself in the field. When the new moon celebration began and the king sat down to eat, 25 the king sat in his usual place by the wall. Jonathan sat facing him, and Abner was sitting by Saul’s side, but David’s place was empty. 26 Saul did not say anything that day, because he thought, “Something must have happened to him so that he is impure, surely he is unclean.”[b]

27 But the next day, the second day of the month, David’s place was still empty. Saul asked Jonathan, his son, “Why did the son of Jesse not come to eat yesterday nor today?” 28 Jonathan answered Saul, “David begged me for permission to go to Bethlehem. 29 He said to me, ‘Please let me go, for our family is offering a sacrifice in the city. My brother has told me to be there. If I have found favor with you, please, let me leave to go to see my brothers.’This is why he has not come to the king’s table.” 30 Saul became angry at Jonathan and he said to him, “You son of a perverse and rebellious woman. I knew that you sided with the son of Jesse to your own shame and the shame of your mother’s nakedness. 31 For as long as the son of Jesse lives upon the earth, neither you nor your kingdom will be stable. Send for him and bring him to me, for he must die.”[c] 32 Jonathan answered Saul, his father, saying, “Why must he die? What has he done?” 33 Saul cast a javelin at him to kill him. Jonathan thus knew that his father intended to kill David.

34 Jonathan was enraged and he got up from table. He did not eat on the second day of the month because he was angry at his father for the shameful way he had treated David.

35 Jonathan Warns David. The next morning, Jonathan went out into the field at the time he had arranged with David. He had a small boy with him. 36 He said to the boy, “Run, find the arrows that I shoot.” The boy ran off, and he shot an arrow beyond him. 37 When the boy arrived at the place that Jonathan had shot the arrow, Jonathan said, “Is the arrow not ahead of you?” 38 Then Jonathan cried out to the boy, “Hurry, run, do not stop!” The boy picked up Jonathan’s arrows and returned to his master. 39 (The boy did not know anything about this, only Jonathan and David knew what was happening.)

40 Jonathan gave his weapons to his boy and said, “Go, carry them into the city.” 41 After the boy had left, David got up from the south side of the place, and he bowed down three times before him, face to the ground. They kissed one another, and they wept over one another, David more so. 42 Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, since we have both sworn in the name of the Lord saying, ‘May the Lord be between me and you, between my descendants and your descendants, forever.’ ” He got up and left, and Jonathan went back into the city.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 20:5 The new moon celebration: a time for the Israelites to gather socially to dedicate themselves anew to the Lord. They preferred to celebrate when the moon was not yet visible, as opposed to pagan worship that focused on the full moon, not on the Creator God.
  2. 1 Samuel 20:26 The meal that accompanied the festival of the new moon involved a sacrifice to God and required ritual purification (see Ex 19:10, Lev 15:16, Num 19:11-22). Without such a cleansing, David could not participate.
  3. 1 Samuel 20:31 Saul continues to view David, son of Jesse, as the major impediment to the continuation of his dynasty. Jonathan, because of his love of God and David, bypasses any opportunity to prevent David from succeeding Saul (1 Sam 23:16-18).

Jonathan’s Loyalty to David

20 Then David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and went and said to Jonathan, “What have I done? What is my iniquity, and what is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?”

So Jonathan said to him, “By no means! You shall not die! Indeed, my father will do nothing either great or small without first telling me. And why should my father hide this thing from me? It is not so!

Then David took an oath again, and said, “Your father certainly knows that I have found favor in your eyes, and he has said, ‘Do not let Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved.’ But (A)truly, as the Lord lives and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death.”

So Jonathan said to David, “Whatever you yourself desire, I will do it for you.”

And David said to Jonathan, “Indeed tomorrow is the (B)New Moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king to eat. But let me go, that I may (C)hide in the field until the third day at evening. If your father misses me at all, then say, ‘David earnestly asked permission of me that he might run over (D)to Bethlehem, his city, for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family.’ (E)If he says thus: ‘It is well,’ your servant will be safe. But if he is very angry, be sure that (F)evil is determined by him. Therefore you shall (G)deal kindly with your servant, for (H)you have brought your servant into a covenant of the Lord with you. Nevertheless, (I)if there is iniquity in me, kill me yourself, for why should you bring me to your father?”

But Jonathan said, “Far be it from you! For if I knew certainly that evil was determined by my father to come upon you, then would I not tell you?”

10 Then David said to Jonathan, “Who will tell me, or what if your father answers you roughly?”

11 And Jonathan said to David, “Come, let us go out into the field.” So both of them went out into the field. 12 Then Jonathan said to David: “The Lord God of Israel is witness! When I have [a]sounded out my father sometime tomorrow, or the third day, and indeed there is good toward David, and I do not send to you and tell you, 13 may (J)the Lord do so and much more to Jonathan. But if it pleases my father to do you evil, then I will report it to you and send you away, that you may go in safety. And (K)the Lord be with you as He has (L)been with my father. 14 And you shall not only show me the kindness of the Lord while I still live, that I may not die; 15 but (M)you shall not [b]cut off your kindness from my [c]house forever, no, not when the Lord has cut off every one of the enemies of David from the face of the earth.” 16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the [d]house of David, saying, (N)“Let the Lord require it at the hand of David’s enemies.”

17 Now Jonathan again caused David to vow, because he loved him; (O)for he loved him as he loved his own soul. 18 Then Jonathan said to David, (P)“Tomorrow is the New Moon; and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty. 19 And when you have stayed three days, go down quickly and come to (Q)the place where you hid on the day of the deed; and remain by the stone Ezel. 20 Then I will shoot three arrows to the side, as though I shot at a target; 21 and there I will send a lad, saying, ‘Go, find the arrows.’ If I expressly say to the lad, ‘Look, the arrows are on this side of you; get them and come’—then, (R)as the Lord lives, there is safety for you and no harm. 22 But if I say thus to the young man, ‘Look, the arrows are beyond you’—go your way, for the Lord has sent you away. 23 And as for (S)the matter which you and I have spoken of, indeed the Lord be between you and me forever.”

24 Then David hid in the field. And when the New Moon had come, the king sat down to eat the feast. 25 Now the king sat on his seat, as at other times, on a seat by the wall. And [e]Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul’s side, but David’s place was empty. 26 Nevertheless Saul did not say anything that day, for he thought, “Something has happened to him; he is unclean, surely he is (T)unclean.” 27 And it happened the next day, the second day of the month, that David’s place was empty. And Saul said to Jonathan his son, “Why has the son of Jesse not come to eat, either yesterday or today?”

28 So Jonathan (U)answered Saul, “David earnestly asked permission of me to go to Bethlehem. 29 And he said, ‘Please let me go, for our family has a sacrifice in the city, and my brother has commanded me to be there. And now, if I have found favor in your eyes, please let me get away and see my brothers.’ Therefore he has not come to the king’s table.”

30 Then Saul’s anger was aroused against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness? 31 For as long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, you shall not be established, nor your kingdom. Now therefore, send and bring him to me, for he [f]shall surely die.”

32 And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said to him, (V)“Why should he be killed? What has he done?” 33 Then Saul (W)cast a spear at him to [g]kill him, (X)by which Jonathan knew that it was determined by his father to kill David.

34 So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and ate no food the second day of the month, for he was grieved for David, because his father had treated him shamefully.

35 And so it was, in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad was with him. 36 Then he said to his lad, “Now run, find the arrows which I shoot.” As the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him. 37 When the lad had come to the place where the arrow was which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried out after the lad and said, “Is not the arrow beyond you?” 38 And Jonathan cried out after the lad, “Make haste, hurry, do not delay!” So Jonathan’s lad gathered up the arrows and came back to his master. 39 But the lad did not know anything. Only Jonathan and David knew of the matter. 40 Then Jonathan gave his [h]weapons to his lad, and said to him, “Go, carry them to the city.”

41 As soon as the lad had gone, David arose from a place toward the south, fell on his face to the ground, and bowed down three times. And they kissed one another; and they wept together, but David more so. 42 Then Jonathan said to David, (Y)“Go in peace, since we have both sworn in the name of the Lord, saying, ‘May the Lord be between you and me, and between your descendants and my descendants, forever.’ ” So he arose and departed, and Jonathan went into the city.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 20:12 searched out
  2. 1 Samuel 20:15 stop being kind
  3. 1 Samuel 20:15 family
  4. 1 Samuel 20:16 family
  5. 1 Samuel 20:25 So with MT, Syr., Tg., Vg.; LXX he sat across from Jonathan
  6. 1 Samuel 20:31 Lit. is a son of death
  7. 1 Samuel 20:33 strike him down
  8. 1 Samuel 20:40 equipment

Amistad de David y Jonatán

20 David huyó de Nayot de Ramá, pero fue a hablar con Jonatán y le preguntó:

«¿Qué es lo que he hecho? ¿Cuál es mi pecado? ¿Qué mal he cometido contra tu padre, para que quiera matarme?»

Jonatán le respondió:

«¿Matarte? ¡De ninguna manera! Mi padre no hará nada, sea grande o pequeño, que no me lo haga saber. ¿Por qué habría de encubrirme este asunto? No puede ser.»

Pero David insistió, y le dijo:

«Tu padre sabe muy bien que yo cuento con tu buena voluntad, así que pensará no entristecerte al darte a conocer sus planes. Pero el Señor es testigo, lo mismo que tú, de que estoy a un paso de la muerte.»

Y Jonatán le respondió:

«Dime qué quieres que haga por ti, y lo haré.»

Y David le dijo a Jonatán:

«Mañana habrá luna nueva,(A) y por costumbre debo comer con el rey. Pero deja que me esconda en el campo hasta dentro de tres días, por la tarde. Si tu padre pregunta por mí, dile que yo te pedí que me dejaras ir a Belén, mi ciudad, porque toda mi familia celebra allí el sacrificio anual. Si tu padre está de acuerdo con esto, entonces podré estar tranquilo; pero si se enoja, sabrás que él ha decidido hacerme daño. Yo soy tu siervo. Y ya que nos hemos jurado amistad sincera delante del Señor, ten misericordia de mí. Si hay en mí alguna maldad, no hace falta que me mate tu padre; mátame tú.»

Pero Jonatán le respondió:

«Eso jamás te sucederá. Al contrario, si llego a saber que mi padre tiene malas intenciones contra ti, ¿crees que no te lo haré saber?»

10 Entonces David le preguntó:

«¿Cómo voy a saber si tu padre te respondió con enojo?»

11 Jonatán le respondió:

«Ven, vamos al campo.»

Y los dos se fueron al campo. 12 Allí Jonatán le dijo a David:

«Pongo por testigo al Señor, Dios de Israel, de que mañana a esta hora, o dentro de tres días, le preguntaré a mi padre si sus intenciones son buenas para contigo. Si no lo son, mandaré a alguien para que te avise. 13 Si acaso mi padre piensa hacerte daño, que el Señor me castigue, y más aún, si no te lo hago saber, para que puedas ponerte a salvo. ¡Que el Señor esté contigo, como estuvo con mi padre! 14 Y si logro sobrevivir, espero que me trates con la misericordia del Señor. Así no moriré. 15 Espero que siempre te muestres misericordioso con mi familia.(B) Y cuando el Señor haya eliminado a cada uno de tus enemigos, no permitas que el nombre de tu amigo Jonatán sea borrado de tu casa.»

16 Así fue como Jonatán hizo pacto con David, y añadió:

«Que el Señor tome venganza de tus enemigos.»

17 Luego Jonatán le rogó a David que, por el cariño que se tenían, le jurara cumplir con esto, 18 y añadió:

«Mañana es luna nueva, y cuando vean vacío tu asiento, te echarán de menos. 19 Escóndete durante tres días, y después de eso regresa adonde estabas escondido el día en que te amenazó mi padre. Espera mis noticias junto a la piedra de Ezel. 20 Yo saldré al campo, y lanzaré tres flechas hacia ese lugar, como si estuviera tirando al blanco. 21 Luego le diré a mi criado que vaya y busque las flechas; si le digo: “Mira, allí cerca de ti están las flechas, recógelas”, entonces podrás salir de tu escondite y te vendrás conmigo, porque nada malo te sucederá. El Señor es testigo. 22 Pero si le digo a mi sirviente: “Las flechas están más allá de donde tú estás”, entonces huye, porque el Señor quiere que te vayas. 23 En cuanto al pacto que tú y yo hemos hecho, que el Señor sea nuestro testigo para siempre.»

24 Entonces David se escondió en el campo, y cuando llegó la fiesta de la luna nueva el rey se sentó a comer. 25 Como de costumbre, Saúl ocupó su silla, junto a la pared; Jonatán se hizo a un lado y Abner se sentó junto a Saúl, pero el lugar de David quedó vacío.

26 Ese día Saúl no dijo nada, porque pensó que tal vez algo le habría pasado a David y no estaría purificado. 27 Al día siguiente, que era el de la fiesta de la luna nueva, el lugar de David seguía vacío. Entonces Saúl le preguntó a Jonatán:

«¿Por qué el hijo de Yesé ha faltado dos días a nuestra comida?»

28 Entonces Jonatán le dijo:

«David me pidió encarecidamente que le permitiera ir a Belén. 29 Me dijo: “Te ruego que me dejes ir, pues nuestra familia ofrece un sacrificio en el pueblo, y mi hermano me ha pedido que asista. Si soy digno de tu buena voluntad, permíteme ir a visitar a mis hermanos.” Por eso David no se ha sentado a la mesa de Su Majestad.»

30 Pero Saúl se llenó de ira en contra de Jonatán, y le dijo:

«¡Hijo de mala madre! ¿Tú crees que no sé que ustedes son muy amigos? Esta amistad tuya con el hijo de Yesé es bochornosa. ¡Es una vergüenza para ti y para tu madre! 31 Pero toma en cuenta que, mientras el hijo de Yesé tenga vida, ni tú ni tu reino estarán seguros. ¡Manda que lo traigan a mi presencia, porque tiene que morir!»

32 Pero Jonatán le respondió a su padre:

«¿Y por qué tiene que morir? ¿Qué mal ha cometido?»

33 Por respuesta, Saúl le arrojó una lanza con la intención de herirlo. Con esto, Jonatán se dio cuenta de que su padre había decidido matar a David. 34 Entonces Jonatán se levantó furioso de la mesa, y no comió ese segundo día de fiesta, pues le dolió que su padre lo hubiera puesto en ridículo, y que quisiera matar a David.

35 Al día siguiente por la mañana, a la hora convenida con David, Jonatán salió al campo acompañado de un criado, 36 y le dijo:

«Cuando yo arroje estas flechas, corre y ve por ellas.»

Y mientras más corría el criado, más lejos de él lanzaba Jonatán las flechas. 37 Cuando el criado llegaba a donde estaba la flecha, Jonatán le gritaba:

«Creo que la flecha está más allá.»

38 Y volvía Jonatán a gritarle al criado:

«¡Corre, date prisa; no te detengas!»

Y el criado recogió las flechas y se las entregó a Jonatán, 39 pero no entendió qué sucedía, pues sólo David y Jonatán sabían de qué se trataba. 40 Luego, Jonatán le dio sus armas al criado y le dijo:

«Anda, llévalas a la ciudad.»

41 Y cuando el criado se marchó, David salió de donde estaba escondido e hizo tres reverencias, hasta tocar el suelo; luego, ambos se besaron y lloraron, pero David lloró más. 42 Entonces Jonatán le dijo a David:

«Vete tranquilo. Recuerda que ante el Señor nos hemos jurado amistad. El Señor es nuestro testigo, y lo será de nuestros descendientes, para siempre.»

Luego David se levantó del suelo y se fue, mientras que Jonatán volvió a la ciudad.

20 And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?

And he said unto him, God forbid; thou shalt not die: behold, my father will do nothing either great or small, but that he will shew it me: and why should my father hide this thing from me? it is not so.

And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the Lord liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.

Then said Jonathan unto David, Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I will even do it for thee.

And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.

If thy father at all miss me, then say, David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem his city: for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family.

If he say thus, It is well; thy servant shall have peace: but if he be very wroth, then be sure that evil is determined by him.

Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast brought thy servant into a covenant of the Lord with thee: notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why shouldest thou bring me to thy father?

And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee: for if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee?

10 Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly?

11 And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the field.

12 And Jonathan said unto David, O Lord God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, and shew it thee;

13 The Lord do so and much more to Jonathan: but if it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace: and the Lord be with thee, as he hath been with my father.

14 And thou shalt not only while yet I live shew me the kindness of the Lord, that I die not:

15 But also thou shalt not cut off thy kindness from my house for ever: no, not when the Lord hath cut off the enemies of David every one from the face of the earth.

16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the Lord even require it at the hand of David's enemies.

17 And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul.

18 Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty.

19 And when thou hast stayed three days, then thou shalt go down quickly, and come to the place where thou didst hide thyself when the business was in hand, and shalt remain by the stone Ezel.

20 And I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though I shot at a mark.

21 And, behold, I will send a lad, saying, Go, find out the arrows. If I expressly say unto the lad, Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee, take them; then come thou: for there is peace to thee, and no hurt; as the Lord liveth.

22 But if I say thus unto the young man, Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way: for the Lord hath sent thee away.

23 And as touching the matter which thou and I have spoken of, behold, the Lord be between thee and me for ever.

24 So David hid himself in the field: and when the new moon was come, the king sat him down to eat meat.

25 And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon a seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul's side, and David's place was empty.

26 Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day: for he thought, Something hath befallen him, he is not clean; surely he is not clean.

27 And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month, that David's place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday, nor to day?

28 And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem:

29 And he said, Let me go, I pray thee; for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; and my brother, he hath commanded me to be there: and now, if I have found favour in thine eyes, let me get away, I pray thee, and see my brethren. Therefore he cometh not unto the king's table.

30 Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness?

31 For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely die.

32 And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done?

33 And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David.

34 So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.

35 And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him.

36 And he said unto his lad, Run, find out now the arrows which I shoot. And as the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him.

37 And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee?

38 And Jonathan cried after the lad, Make speed, haste, stay not. And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.

39 But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the matter.

40 And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city.

41 And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times: and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.

42 And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, saying, The Lord be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city.