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1 Corinzi 12
Conferenza Episcopale Italiana

I doni spirituali o "carismi"

12 Riguardo ai doni dello Spirito, fratelli, non voglio che restiate nell'ignoranza. 2 Voi sapete infatti che, quando eravate pagani, vi lasciavate trascinare verso gli idoli muti secondo l'impulso del momento. 3 Ebbene, io vi dichiaro: come nessuno che parli sotto l'azione dello Spirito di Dio può dire «Gesù è anàtema», così nessuno può dire «Gesù è Signore» se non sotto l'azione dello Spirito Santo.

Diversità e unità dei carismi

4 Vi sono poi diversità di carismi, ma uno solo è lo Spirito; 5 vi sono diversità di ministeri, ma uno solo è il Signore; 6 vi sono diversità di operazioni, ma uno solo è Dio, che opera tutto in tutti. 7 E a ciascuno è data una manifestazione particolare dello Spirito per l'utilità comune: 8 a uno viene concesso dallo Spirito il linguaggio della sapienza; a un altro invece, per mezzo dello stesso Spirito, il linguaggio di scienza; 9 a uno la fede per mezzo dello stesso Spirito; a un altro il dono di far guarigioni per mezzo dell'unico Spirito; 10 a uno il potere dei miracoli; a un altro il dono della profezia; a un altro il dono di distinguere gli spiriti; a un altro le varietà delle lingue; a un altro infine l'interpretazione delle lingue. 11 Ma tutte queste cose è l'unico e il medesimo Spirito che le opera, distribuendole a ciascuno come vuole.

Paragone del corpo

12 Come infatti il corpo, pur essendo uno, ha molte membra e tutte le membra, pur essendo molte, sono un corpo solo, così anche Cristo. 13 E in realtà noi tutti siamo stati battezzati in un solo Spirito per formare un solo corpo, Giudei o Greci, schiavi o liberi; e tutti ci siamo abbeverati a un solo Spirito. 14 Ora il corpo non risulta di un membro solo, ma di molte membra. 15 Se il piede dicesse: «Poiché io non sono mano, non appartengo al corpo», non per questo non farebbe più parte del corpo. 16 E se l'orecchio dicesse: «Poiché io non sono occhio, non appartengo al corpo», non per questo non farebbe più parte del corpo. 17 Se il corpo fosse tutto occhio, dove sarebbe l'udito? Se fosse tutto udito, dove l'odorato? 18 Ora, invece, Dio ha disposto le membra in modo distinto nel corpo, come egli ha voluto. 19 Se poi tutto fosse un membro solo, dove sarebbe il corpo? 20 Invece molte sono le membra, ma uno solo è il corpo. 21 Non può l'occhio dire alla mano: «Non ho bisogno di te»; né la testa ai piedi: «Non ho bisogno di voi». 22 Anzi quelle membra del corpo che sembrano più deboli sono più necessarie; 23 e quelle parti del corpo che riteniamo meno onorevoli le circondiamo di maggior rispetto, e quelle indecorose sono trattate con maggior decenza, 24 mentre quelle decenti non ne hanno bisogno. Ma Dio ha composto il corpo, conferendo maggior onore a ciò che ne mancava, 25 perché non vi fosse disunione nel corpo, ma anzi le varie membra avessero cura le une delle altre. 26 Quindi se un membro soffre, tutte le membra soffrono insieme; e se un membro è onorato, tutte le membra gioiscono con lui. 27 Ora voi siete corpo di Cristo e sue membra, ciascuno per la sua parte.

La gerarchia dei carismi. Inno alla carità

28 Alcuni perciò Dio li ha posti nella Chiesa in primo luogo come apostoli, in secondo luogo come profeti, in terzo luogo come maestri; poi vengono i miracoli, poi i doni di far guarigioni, i doni di assistenza, di governare, delle lingue. 29 Sono forse tutti apostoli? Tutti profeti? Tutti maestri? Tutti operatori di miracoli? 30 Tutti possiedono doni di far guarigioni? Tutti parlano lingue? Tutti le interpretano?

31 Aspirate ai carismi più grandi! E io vi mostrerò una via migliore di tutte.

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1 Corinthians 12
New American Bible (Revised Edition)

C. Spiritual Gifts[a]

Chapter 12

Unity and Variety. 1 Now in regard to spiritual gifts, brothers, I do not want you to be unaware. 2 [b]You know how, when you were pagans, you were constantly attracted and led away to mute idols.(A) 3 Therefore, I tell you that nobody speaking by the spirit of God says, “Jesus be accursed.” And no one can say, “Jesus is Lord,” except by the holy Spirit.(B)

4 [c]There are different kinds of spiritual gifts but the same Spirit;(C) 5 there are different forms of service but the same Lord; 6 there are different workings but the same God who produces all of them in everyone. 7 To each individual the manifestation of the Spirit is given for some benefit. 8 To one is given through the Spirit the expression of wisdom; to another the expression of knowledge according to the same Spirit;(D) 9 to another faith by the same Spirit; to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit; 10 to another mighty deeds; to another prophecy; to another discernment of spirits; to another varieties of tongues; to another interpretation of tongues.(E) 11 But one and the same Spirit produces all of these, distributing them individually to each person as he wishes.(F)

One Body, Many Parts.[d] 12 As a body is one though it has many parts, and all the parts of the body, though many, are one body, so also Christ.(G) 13 For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, slaves or free persons, and we were all given to drink of one Spirit.(H)

14 Now the body is not a single part, but many. 15 If a foot should say, “Because I am not a hand I do not belong to the body,” it does not for this reason belong any less to the body. 16 Or if an ear should say, “Because I am not an eye I do not belong to the body,” it does not for this reason belong any less to the body. 17 If the whole body were an eye, where would the hearing be? If the whole body were hearing, where would the sense of smell be? 18 But as it is, God placed the parts, each one of them, in the body as he intended. 19 If they were all one part, where would the body be? 20 But as it is, there are many parts, yet one body. 21 The eye cannot say to the hand, “I do not need you,” nor again the head to the feet, “I do not need you.” 22 Indeed, the parts of the body that seem to be weaker are all the more necessary, 23 and those parts of the body that we consider less honorable we surround with greater honor, and our less presentable parts are treated with greater propriety, 24 whereas our more presentable parts do not need this. But God has so constructed the body as to give greater honor to a part that is without it, 25 so that there may be no division in the body, but that the parts may have the same concern for one another. 26 If [one] part suffers, all the parts suffer with it; if one part is honored, all the parts share its joy.

Application to Christ.[e] 27 Now you are Christ’s body, and individually parts of it.(I) 28 Some people God has designated in the church to be, first, apostles;[f] second, prophets; third, teachers; then, mighty deeds; then, gifts of healing, assistance, administration, and varieties of tongues.(J) 29 Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all work mighty deeds? 30 Do all have gifts of healing? Do all speak in tongues? Do all interpret? 31 Strive eagerly for the greatest spiritual gifts.

The Way of Love. But I shall show you a still more excellent way.

Footnotes

  1. 12:1–14:40 Ecstatic and charismatic activity were common in early Christian experience, as they were in other ancient religions. But the Corinthians seem to have developed a disproportionate esteem for certain phenomena, especially tongues, to the detriment of order in the liturgy. Paul’s response to this development provides us with the fullest exposition we have of his theology of the charisms.
  2. 12:2–3 There is an experience of the Spirit and an understanding of ecstatic phenomena that are specifically Christian and that differ, despite apparent similarities, from those of the pagans. It is necessary to discern which spirit is leading one; ecstatic phenomena must be judged by their effect (1 Cor 12:2). 1 Cor 12:3 illustrates this by an example: power to confess Jesus as Lord can come only from the Spirit, and it is inconceivable that the Spirit would move anyone to curse the Lord.
  3. 12:4–6 There are some features common to all charisms, despite their diversity: all are gifts (charismata), grace from outside ourselves; all are forms of service (diakoniai), an expression of their purpose and effect; and all are workings (energēmata), in which God is at work. Paul associates each of these aspects with what later theology will call one of the persons of the Trinity, an early example of “appropriation.”
  4. 12:12–26 The image of a body is introduced to explain Christ’s relationship with believers (1 Cor 12:12). 1 Cor 12:13 applies this model to the church: by baptism all, despite diversity of ethnic or social origins, are integrated into one organism. 1 Cor 12:14–26 then develop the need for diversity of function among the parts of a body without threat to its unity.
  5. 12:27–30 Paul now applies the image again to the church as a whole and its members (1 Cor 12:27). The lists in 1 Cor 12:28–30 spell out the parallelism by specifying the diversity of functions found in the church (cf. Rom 12:6–8; Eph 4:11).
  6. 12:28 First, apostles: apostleship was not mentioned in 1 Cor 12:8–10, nor is it at issue in these chapters, but Paul gives it pride of place in his listing. It is not just one gift among others but a prior and fuller gift that includes the others. They are all demonstrated in Paul’s apostolate, but he may have developed his theology of charisms by reflecting first of all on his own grace of apostleship (cf. 1 Cor 3:5–4:14; 9:1–27; 2 Cor 2:14–6:13; 10:1–13:30, esp. 1 Cor 11:23 and 12:12).
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1 Corinthians 12
1599 Geneva Bible

12 1 To draw away the Corinthians from contention and pride, he showeth that spiritual gifts are therefore diversely bestowed, 7 that the same being jointly to each other employed, 12 we may grow up together into one body of Christ in such equal proportion and measure, 20 as the members of man’s body do.

1 Now [a]concerning spiritual gifts, brethren, I would not have you [b]ignorant.

2 [c]Ye know that ye were [d]Gentiles, and were carried away unto the dumb idols, as ye were led.

3 [e]Wherefore I declare unto you, that no man (A)speaking by the spirit of God, calleth Jesus (B)[f]execrable: also no man can say that Jesus is the Lord, but by the holy Ghost.

4 [g]Now there are diversities of gifts, but the [h]same Spirit.

5 And there are diversities of administrations, but the same Lord.

6 And there are diversities of [i]operations, but God is the same which worketh all in all.

7 But the manifestation of the Spirit is [j]given to every man, to [k]profit withal.

8 [l]For to one is given by the Spirit the word of [m]wisdom: and to another the word of knowledge, by the same Spirit:

9 And to another is given faith by the same Spirit: and to another the gifts of healing, by the same Spirit:

10 And to another the [n]operations of great works: and to another, [o]prophecy: and to another, the [p]discerning of spirits: and to another, diversities of tongues: and to another, the interpretation of tongues.

11 (C)And all these things worketh one and the selfsame Spirit, distributing to every man severally [q]as he will.

12 [r]For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of the body, which is one, though they be many, yet are but one body: [s]even so is [t]Christ.

13 For by one Spirit are we all baptized into [u]one body, whether we be Jews, or Grecians, whether we be bond, or free, and have been all made to [v]drink into one Spirit.

14 [w]For the body also is not one member, but many.

15 [x]If the foot would say, Because I am not the hand, I am not of the body, is it therefore not of the body?

16 And if the ear would say, Because I am not the eye, I am not of the body, is it therefore not of the body?

17 [y]If the whole body were an eye, where were the hearing? If the whole were hearing, where were the smelling?

18 But now hath God disposed the members every one of them in the body at his own pleasure.

19 For if they were all one member, where were the body?

20 But now are there many members, yet but one body.

21 [z]And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee: nor the head again to the feet, I have no need of you.

22 Yea, much rather those members of the body, which seem to be [aa]more feeble, are necessary.

23 And upon those members of the body, which we think most unhonest, put we more [ab]honesty on: and our uncomely parts have more comeliness on.

24 For our comely parts need it not: but God hath tempered the body together: and hath given the more honor to that part which lacked,

25 Lest there should be any division in the body: but that the members should have the same [ac]care one for another.

26 [ad]Therefore if one member suffer, all suffer with it: if one member be had in honor, all the members rejoice with it.

27 Now ye are the body of Christ, and members for your [ae]part.

28 (D)And God hath ordained some in the Church: as first Apostles, secondly Prophets, thirdly teachers, then them that do miracles: after that, the gifts of healing, [af]helpers, [ag]governors, diversity of tongues.

29 Are all Apostles? are all Prophets? are all teachers?

30 Are all doers of miracles? have all the gifts of healing? do all speak with tongues? do all interpret?

31 [ah]But desire you the best gifts, and I will yet show you a more excellent way.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Corinthians 12:1 Now he entereth into the third part of this treatise, touching the right use of spiritual gifts, wherein he giveth the Corinthians plainly to understand that they abused them: for they that excelled, bragged ambitiously of them, and so robbed God of the praise of his gifts: and having no consideration of their brethren abused to a vain ostentation, and so robbed the Church of the use of those gifts. On the other side, the inferior sort envied the better, and went about to make a departure, so that all that body was as it were scattered and rent in pieces. So then he going about to remedy these abuses, willeth them first to consider diligently, that they have not these gifts of themselves, but from the free grace and liberality of God, to whose glory they ought to bestow them all.
  2. 1 Corinthians 12:1 Ignorant to what purpose those gifts are given you.
  3. 1 Corinthians 12:2 He proveth the same by comparing their former state with that wherein they were at this time endued with those excellent gifts.
  4. 1 Corinthians 12:2 As touching God’s service and the Covenant, mere strangers.
  5. 1 Corinthians 12:3 The conclusion: Know you therefore, that you cannot so much as move your lips to honor Christ withall, but by the grace of the holy Ghost.
  6. 1 Corinthians 12:3 Doth curse him, only any means whatsoever diminish his glory.
  7. 1 Corinthians 12:4 In the second place, he layeth another foundation, to wit, that these gifts are divers, as the functions also are divers, and their offices divers, but that one selfsame Spirit Lord and God is the giver of all these gifts, and that to one end, to wit, for the profit of all.
  8. 1 Corinthians 12:4 The Spirit is plainly distinguished from the gifts.
  9. 1 Corinthians 12:6 So Paul endeth that inward force which cometh from the holy Ghost, and maketh men fit to wonderful things.
  10. 1 Corinthians 12:7 The holy Ghost openeth and showeth himself freely in giving of these gifts.
  11. 1 Corinthians 12:7 To the use and benefit of the Church.
  12. 1 Corinthians 12:8 He declareth this manifold diversity, and reckoneth up the chiefest gifts, beating that into their heads, which he said before, to wit, that all these things proceeded from one selfsame Spirit.
  13. 1 Corinthians 12:8 Wisdom is a most excellent gift, very requisite, not only for them which teach, but also for them that exhort and comfort, which thing is proper to the Pastor’s office, as the word of knowledge agreeth to the Doctors.
  14. 1 Corinthians 12:10 By operation he meaneth those great workings of God’s mighty power, which pass and excel amongst his miracles, as the delivery of his people Israel by the hand of Moses: that which he did by Elijah against the Priests of Baal, in sending down fire from heaven to consume his sacrifice: and that which he did by Peter in the matter of Ananias and Sapphira.
  15. 1 Corinthians 12:10 Foretelling of things to come.
  16. 1 Corinthians 12:10 Whereby false prophets are known from true, wherein Peter passed Philip in discovering Simon Magus, Acts 8:20.
  17. 1 Corinthians 12:11 He addeth moreover something else, to wit, that although these gifts are unequal, yet they are most wisely divided, because the will of the Spirit of God is the rule of this distribution.
  18. 1 Corinthians 12:12 He setteth forth his former saying by a similitude taken from the body: This saith he, is manifestly seen in the body, whose members are divers, but yet so knit together, that they make but one body.
  19. 1 Corinthians 12:12 The applying of the similitude. So must we also think, saith he, of the mystical body of Christ: for all we that believe, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, are by one selfsame Baptism joined together with our head, that by that means, there may be framed one body compact of many members: and we have drunk one selfsame spirit, that is to say, a spiritual feeling, perseverance and motion common to us all, out of one cup.
  20. 1 Corinthians 12:12 Christ joined together with his Church.
  21. 1 Corinthians 12:13 To become one body with Christ.
  22. 1 Corinthians 12:13 By one quickening drink of the Lord’s blood, we are made partakers of his only Spirit.
  23. 1 Corinthians 12:14 He amplifieth that which followed of the similitudes, as if he should say, The unity of the body is not only not left by this diversity of members, but also it could not be a body, if it did not consist of many, and those were divers members.
  24. 1 Corinthians 12:15 Now he buildeth his doctrine upon the foundations which he had laid: and first of all he continueth in his purposed similitude, and afterward he goeth to the matter barely and simply. And first of all he speaketh unto them which would have separated themselves from those whom they envied, because they had not such excellent gifts as they: now this is, saith he, as if the foot should say it were not of the body, because it is not the hand: or the ear, because it is not the eye. Therefore all parts ought rather to defend the unity of the body, being coupled together to serve one the other.
  25. 1 Corinthians 12:17 Again, speaking to them, he showeth them that if that should come to pass which they desire, to wit, that all should be equal one to another, there would follow a destruction of the whole body, yea, and of themselves: for it could not be a body, unless it were made of many members knit together, and divers one from another. And that no man might find fault with this division as unequal, he addeth that God himself hath coupled all these together. Therefore all must remain coupled together, that the body may remain in safety.
  26. 1 Corinthians 12:21 Now on the other side, he speaketh unto them which were endued with more excellent gifts, willing them not to despise the inferiors as unprofitable, and as though they served to no use: for God, saith he, hath in such sort tempered this inequality, that the more excellent and beautiful members can in no wise lack the more abject and such as we are ashamed of, and that they should have more care to see unto them, and to cover them: that by this means the necessity which is on both parts, might keep the whole body in peace and concord: that although if each part be considered apart, they are of divers degrees and conditions, yet because they are joined together, they have a community both in commodities and discommodities.
  27. 1 Corinthians 12:22 Of the smallest and vilest offices, and therefore finally accounted of, of the rest.
  28. 1 Corinthians 12:23 We more carefully cover them.
  29. 1 Corinthians 12:25 Should bestow their operations and offices to the profit and preservation of the whole body.
  30. 1 Corinthians 12:26 Now he applieth the same doctrine to the Corinthians without any allegory, warning them that seeing there are divers functions and divers gifts, it is their duty, not to offend one against another, either by envy or ambition, but rather that they being joined together in love and charity one with another, every one of them bestow to the profit of all, that which he hath received, according as his ministry doth require.
  31. 1 Corinthians 12:27 For all churches wheresoever they are dispersed through the whole world, are divers members of one body.
  32. 1 Corinthians 12:28 The offices of Deacons.
  33. 1 Corinthians 12:28 He setteth forth the order of Elders, which were the maintainers of the Church’s discipline.
  34. 1 Corinthians 12:31 He teacheth them that are ambitious and envious, a certain holy ambition and envy, to wit, if they give themselves to the best gifts, and such as are most profitable to the Church, and so if they contend to excel one another in love, which surpasseth all other gifts.
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New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE)

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