Réponses aux problèmes soulevés par les Corinthiens

Sur la sexualité et le couple

J’en viens à présent aux problèmes que vous soulevez dans votre lettre[a].

Il est bon qu’un homme se passe de femme. Cependant, pour éviter toute immoralité, il est préférable que chaque homme ait sa femme et que chaque femme ait son mari. Que le mari accorde à sa femme ce qu’il lui doit et que la femme agisse de même envers son mari. Car le corps de la femme ne lui appartient plus, il est à son mari. De même, le corps du mari ne lui appartient plus, il est à sa femme. Ne vous refusez donc pas l’un à l’autre. Vous pouvez, certes, en plein accord l’un avec l’autre, renoncer pour un temps à vos relations conjugales afin de vous consacrer davantage à la prière, mais après cela, reprenez vos rapports comme auparavant. Il ne faut pas donner à Satan l’occasion de vous tenter par votre incapacité à vous maîtriser. Notez bien qu’il s’agit là d’une concession et nullement d’un ordre.

Je voudrais bien que tout le monde soit comme moi, mais chacun reçoit de Dieu un don particulier de la grâce, l’un le mariage, l’autre le célibat. J’aimerais cependant dire aux veufs[b] et aux veuves que c’est une bonne chose de continuer à vivre seul, comme moi. Toutefois, s’ils ne peuvent pas se maîtriser en ce domaine, qu’ils se marient, car mieux vaut se marier que de se consumer en désirs insatisfaits.

10 Quant aux couples chrétiens, voici ce que j’ordonne, ou plutôt ce que le Seigneur lui-même leur commande : Que la femme ne se sépare pas de son mari[c]. 11 Au cas où elle en serait séparée, qu’elle reste sans se remarier ou qu’elle se réconcilie avec son mari. Le mari, de son côté, ne doit pas quitter sa femme.

12 Pour les autres couples, en l’absence d’indication de la part du Seigneur, voici ce que je dis : si un frère chrétien est marié avec une femme non-croyante et qu’elle consente à rester avec lui, qu’il ne la quitte pas. 13 De même, si une femme a un mari non-croyant et qu’il consente à rester avec elle, qu’elle ne le quitte pas. 14 Car du fait de son union avec sa femme, le mari non-croyant est bien un mari légitime aux yeux de Dieu et de même, du fait de son union avec son mari chrétien, la femme non-croyante est bien une épouse légitime aux yeux de Dieu. Autrement, leurs enfants seraient des enfants naturels, alors qu’en réalité ils sont légitimes[d]. 15 Mais si le conjoint non-croyant est déterminé à demander le divorce, eh bien, qu’il le fasse ; dans ce cas, le frère ou la sœur n’est pas lié. Dieu vous a appelés à vivre dans la paix. 16 Car toi, femme, tu amèneras peut-être ton mari au salut, mais en fait qu’en sais-tu ? De même, toi, mari, tu amèneras peut-être ta femme au salut, mais en fait, qu’en sais-tu ? 17 En dehors de ce cas, tenez-vous-en à la règle générale que j’enseigne partout dans toutes les Eglises : que chacun continue à vivre dans la condition que le Seigneur lui a assignée comme sa part, celle dans laquelle il se trouvait au moment où Dieu l’a appelé. 18 Quelqu’un était-il circoncis lorsqu’il a été appelé ? Qu’il ne cherche pas à le dissimuler. Ou quelqu’un était-il incirconcis lorsque Dieu l’a appelé ? Qu’il ne se fasse pas circoncire. 19 Que l’on soit circoncis ou non n’a aucune importance. Ce qui importe, c’est l’obéissance aux commandements de Dieu. 20 Que chacun demeure dans la situation qui était la sienne lorsque Dieu l’a appelé. 21 Etais-tu esclave[e] lorsque Dieu t’a appelé ? Ne te fais pas de souci à ce sujet. Mais si tu peux devenir libre, alors profites-en[f]. 22 Car un esclave qui a été appelé à servir le Seigneur est un affranchi du Seigneur. Et de même, l’homme libre que Dieu a appelé est un esclave de Christ. 23 C’est à un grand prix que vous avez été rachetés ! Alors, ne devenez pas esclaves des hommes. 24 Donc, frères et sœurs, que chacun reste devant Dieu dans la situation où il était lorsque Dieu l’a appelé à venir à lui.

A propos du mariage des jeunes filles

25 Pour ce qui est des jeunes filles, je n’ai pas d’ordre du Seigneur, mais je donne mon avis comme celui d’un homme qui, par la grâce du Seigneur, est digne de confiance : 26 à cause des détresses de l’heure présente, j’estime qu’il est bon pour chacun de demeurer comme il est. 27 As-tu une femme ? Ne cherche pas à rompre. N’as-tu aucun engagement ? Ne cherche pas de femme. 28 Mais si tu te maries, tu ne commets pas de péché. Ce n’est pas non plus un péché pour une jeune fille de se marier. Mais les gens mariés connaîtront bien des souffrances et je voudrais vous les épargner.

29 Je vous assure, frères et sœurs : le temps est limité ; que désormais ceux qui sont mariés vivent comme s’ils n’avaient pas de femme, 30 ceux qui pleurent comme s’ils ne pleuraient pas, ceux qui se réjouissent comme s’ils ne se réjouissaient pas, ceux qui achètent comme s’ils ne possédaient rien. 31 Bref, que tous ceux qui jouissent des biens de ce monde vivent comme s’ils n’en jouissaient pas. Car le présent ordre des choses va vers sa fin. 32 C’est pourquoi je voudrais vous savoir libres de toute préoccupation. Celui qui n’est pas marié se préoccupe des intérêts du Seigneur. Son seul souci est de lui plaire. 33 Celui qui est marié s’occupe des affaires de ce monde, pour plaire à sa femme ; 34 et le voilà tiraillé de part et d’autre. De même la veuve et la jeune fille n’ont pas d’autre souci que les intérêts du Seigneur, pas d’autre désir que de se dévouer à lui corps et esprit. La femme mariée, elle, se préoccupe des affaires de ce monde, pour plaire à son mari. 35 Je dis cela dans votre propre intérêt et non pour vous tendre un piège, mais pour que vous meniez une vie bien ordonnée, et que vous soyez attachés au Seigneur sans partage.

36 Mais si quelqu’un craint de mal se comporter envers la jeune fille qui lui est destinée et pense que les choses doivent suivre leur cours normal, qu’il fasse ce qui lui semble bon ; il ne commet pas de faute. Que tous deux se marient ! 37 Mais si cet homme a pris en lui-même une ferme résolution, sans y être contraint, mais dans la pleine possession de sa volonté, et si la décision qu’il a ainsi prise en lui-même est de ne pas s’unir à la jeune fille, il fera bien. 38 En somme, celui qui épouse la jeune fille fait bien, et celui qui ne l’épouse pas fera encore mieux[g].

39 Un dernier mot : une femme demeure liée à son mari aussi longtemps qu’il vit ; mais si le mari vient à mourir, elle est libre de se remarier avec qui elle veut, à condition, bien entendu, que ce soit avec un chrétien. 40 Toutefois, à mon avis, elle sera plus heureuse si elle reste comme elle est ; et je pense, moi aussi, avoir l’Esprit de Dieu.

Footnotes

  1. 7.1 Les Corinthiens avaient soulevé certains problèmes dans une lettre qu’ils avaient fait parvenir par leurs trois émissaires (16.17). Paul répond en reprenant chaque fois la même formule (7.1 ; 8.1 ; 12.1 ; 16.1).
  2. 7.8 Autre traduction : à ceux qui ne sont pas mariés.
  3. 7.10 Voir Mt 19.3-9.
  4. 7.14 D’autres traduisent : Car le mari non-croyant est sanctifié par la femme, et la femme non-croyante est sanctifiée par le frère, autrement, vos enfants seraient impurs, tandis qu’en fait, ils sont saints.
  5. 7.21 Il y avait, estime-t-on, 400 000 esclaves à Corinthe au temps de Paul. L’Eglise devait en compter un nombre important parmi ses membres (voir 1.26).
  6. 7.21 Autre traduction : mets plutôt à profit ta condition d’esclave.
  7. 7.38 L’interprétation de ces versets est difficile. Certains pensent que Paul traite de la responsabilité d’un père à l’égard de sa fille et proposent cette traduction : 36 Mais si quelqu’un juge manquer aux convenances envers sa fille parce qu’elle a passé l’âge et qu’il est de son devoir d’agir ainsi, qu’il fasse ce qu’il veut ; il ne commet pas de faute : qu’on se marie. 37 Si quelqu’un a pris en lui-même une ferme résolution, sans y être contraint, mais dans la pleine possession de sa volonté, si la décision qu’il a ainsi prise en lui-même est de garder sa fille, il fera bien. 38 En somme, celui qui marie sa fille fait bien, et celui qui ne la marie pas fera encore mieux.

Concerning Marriage and Singleness

Now concerning the things about which you wrote, it is (A)good for a man not to touch a woman. But because of sexual immoralities, each man is to have his own wife, and each woman is to have her own husband. The husband must [a]fulfill his duty to his wife, and likewise also the wife to her husband. The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does; and likewise also the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does. (B)Stop depriving one another, except by agreement for a time, so that you may devote yourselves to prayer, and [b]come together again so that (C)Satan will not tempt you because of your lack of self-control. But this I say as a concession, (D)not as a command. [c]Yet I wish that all men were (E)even as I myself am. However, (F)each man has his own gift from God, one this way, and another that.

But I say to the unmarried and to widows that it is (G)good for them if they remain (H)even as I. But if they do not have self-control, (I)let them marry, for it is better to marry than to burn with passion.

10 But to the married I give instructions, (J)not I, but the Lord, that the wife should not [d]leave her husband 11 (but if she does leave, she must remain unmarried, or else be reconciled to her husband), and that the husband should not [e]divorce his wife.

12 But to the rest (K)I say, not the Lord, that if any brother has a wife who is an unbeliever, and she consents to live with him, he must not [f]divorce her. 13 And a woman who has an unbelieving husband, and he consents to live with her, she must not divorce her husband. 14 For the unbelieving husband is sanctified through his wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified through [g]her believing husband. For otherwise your children are unclean, but now they are (L)holy. 15 Yet if the unbelieving one leaves, let him leave. The brother or the sister is not enslaved in such cases, but God has called [h]us [i](M)to peace. 16 For how do you know, O wife, whether you will (N)save your husband? Or how do you know, O husband, whether you will save your wife?

17 Only, (O)as the Lord has assigned to each one, as God has called each, in this manner let him walk. And (P)so I direct in (Q)all the churches. 18 Was any man called when he was already circumcised? He is not to become uncircumcised. Has anyone been called in uncircumcision? (R)He is not to be circumcised. 19 (S)Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but what matters is (T)the keeping of the commandments of God. 20 (U)Each man must remain in that [j]condition in which he was called.

21 Were you called while a slave? [k]Do not worry about it. But if you are able also to become free, rather [l]do that. 22 For he who was called in the Lord while a slave, is (V)the Lord’s freedman. Likewise he who was called while free, is (W)Christ’s slave. 23 (X)You were bought with a price; do not become slaves of men. 24 Brothers, (Y)each one is to remain with God in that condition in which he was called.

25 Now concerning virgins I have (Z)no command of the Lord, but I give an opinion as one who [m](AA)by the mercy of the Lord is trustworthy. 26 I think then that this is good because of the [n]present (AB)distress, that (AC)it is good for a man [o]to remain as he is. 27 Are you bound to a wife? Do not seek to be released. Are you released from a wife? Do not seek a wife. 28 But if you marry, you have not sinned. And if a virgin marries, she has not sinned. Yet such will have [p]trouble in this life, and I am trying to spare you. 29 But this I say, brothers, (AD)the time has been shortened, so that from now on those who have wives should be as though they had none; 30 and those who cry, as though they did not cry; and those who rejoice, as though they did not rejoice; and those who buy, as though they did not possess; 31 and those who use the world, as though they did not (AE)make full use of it. For (AF)the form of this world is passing away.

32 But I want you to be free from concern. One who is (AG)unmarried is concerned about the things of the Lord, how he may please the Lord. 33 But one who is married is concerned about the things of the world, how he may please his wife, 34 and his interests have been divided. The woman who is unmarried, and the virgin, is concerned about the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and spirit. But one who is married is concerned about the things of the world, how she may please her husband. 35 Now this I say for your own benefit, not to put a restraint upon you, but [q]to promote propriety and undistracted devotion to the Lord.

36 But if any man thinks that he is acting unbecomingly toward his virgin daughter, if she is past her youth, and if it must be so, let him do what he wishes, he does not sin; let [r]her marry. 37 But he who stands firm in his heart, [s]being under no compulsion, but has authority [t]over his own will, and has decided this in his own heart, to keep his own virgin daughter, he will do well. 38 So then both he who gives his own virgin daughter in marriage does well, and he who does not give her in marriage will do better.

39 (AH)A wife is bound as long as her husband lives; but if her husband has [u]fallen asleep, she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only (AI)in the Lord. 40 But (AJ)in my opinion she is happier if she remains as she is. And I think that I also have the Spirit of God.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Corinthians 7:3 Lit render
  2. 1 Corinthians 7:5 Lit be
  3. 1 Corinthians 7:7 One early ms For
  4. 1 Corinthians 7:10 Lit depart from
  5. 1 Corinthians 7:11 Or leave his wife
  6. 1 Corinthians 7:12 Or leave her
  7. 1 Corinthians 7:14 Lit the brother
  8. 1 Corinthians 7:15 One early ms you
  9. 1 Corinthians 7:15 Lit in
  10. 1 Corinthians 7:20 Lit calling
  11. 1 Corinthians 7:21 Lit Let it not be a care to you
  12. 1 Corinthians 7:21 Lit use
  13. 1 Corinthians 7:25 Lit has had mercy shown on him by the Lord to be trustworthy
  14. 1 Corinthians 7:26 Or impending
  15. 1 Corinthians 7:26 Lit so to be
  16. 1 Corinthians 7:28 Lit affliction in the flesh
  17. 1 Corinthians 7:35 Lit for what is seemly
  18. 1 Corinthians 7:36 Lit them; the virgin daughter and her fiancé
  19. 1 Corinthians 7:37 Lit having no necessity
  20. 1 Corinthians 7:37 Lit pertaining to
  21. 1 Corinthians 7:39 Or died

Concerning Married Life

Now for the matters you wrote about: “It is good for a man not to have sexual relations with a woman.”(A) But since sexual immorality is occurring, each man should have sexual relations with his own wife, and each woman with her own husband. The husband should fulfill his marital duty to his wife,(B) and likewise the wife to her husband. The wife does not have authority over her own body but yields it to her husband. In the same way, the husband does not have authority over his own body but yields it to his wife. Do not deprive each other except perhaps by mutual consent and for a time,(C) so that you may devote yourselves to prayer. Then come together again so that Satan(D) will not tempt you(E) because of your lack of self-control. I say this as a concession, not as a command.(F) I wish that all of you were as I am.(G) But each of you has your own gift from God; one has this gift, another has that.(H)

Now to the unmarried[a] and the widows I say: It is good for them to stay unmarried, as I do.(I) But if they cannot control themselves, they should marry,(J) for it is better to marry than to burn with passion.

10 To the married I give this command (not I, but the Lord): A wife must not separate from her husband.(K) 11 But if she does, she must remain unmarried or else be reconciled to her husband.(L) And a husband must not divorce his wife.

12 To the rest I say this (I, not the Lord):(M) If any brother has a wife who is not a believer and she is willing to live with him, he must not divorce her. 13 And if a woman has a husband who is not a believer and he is willing to live with her, she must not divorce him. 14 For the unbelieving husband has been sanctified through his wife, and the unbelieving wife has been sanctified through her believing husband. Otherwise your children would be unclean, but as it is, they are holy.(N)

15 But if the unbeliever leaves, let it be so. The brother or the sister is not bound in such circumstances; God has called us to live in peace.(O) 16 How do you know, wife, whether you will save(P) your husband?(Q) Or, how do you know, husband, whether you will save your wife?

Concerning Change of Status

17 Nevertheless, each person should live as a believer in whatever situation the Lord has assigned to them, just as God has called them.(R) This is the rule I lay down in all the churches.(S) 18 Was a man already circumcised when he was called? He should not become uncircumcised. Was a man uncircumcised when he was called? He should not be circumcised.(T) 19 Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing.(U) Keeping God’s commands is what counts. 20 Each person should remain in the situation they were in when God called them.(V)

21 Were you a slave when you were called? Don’t let it trouble you—although if you can gain your freedom, do so. 22 For the one who was a slave when called to faith in the Lord is the Lord’s freed person;(W) similarly, the one who was free when called is Christ’s slave.(X) 23 You were bought at a price;(Y) do not become slaves of human beings. 24 Brothers and sisters, each person, as responsible to God, should remain in the situation they were in when God called them.(Z)

Concerning the Unmarried

25 Now about virgins: I have no command from the Lord,(AA) but I give a judgment as one who by the Lord’s mercy(AB) is trustworthy. 26 Because of the present crisis, I think that it is good for a man to remain as he is.(AC) 27 Are you pledged to a woman? Do not seek to be released. Are you free from such a commitment? Do not look for a wife.(AD) 28 But if you do marry, you have not sinned;(AE) and if a virgin marries, she has not sinned. But those who marry will face many troubles in this life, and I want to spare you this.

29 What I mean, brothers and sisters, is that the time is short.(AF) From now on those who have wives should live as if they do not; 30 those who mourn, as if they did not; those who are happy, as if they were not; those who buy something, as if it were not theirs to keep; 31 those who use the things of the world, as if not engrossed in them. For this world in its present form is passing away.(AG)

32 I would like you to be free from concern. An unmarried man is concerned about the Lord’s affairs(AH)—how he can please the Lord. 33 But a married man is concerned about the affairs of this world—how he can please his wife— 34 and his interests are divided. An unmarried woman or virgin is concerned about the Lord’s affairs: Her aim is to be devoted to the Lord in both body and spirit.(AI) But a married woman is concerned about the affairs of this world—how she can please her husband. 35 I am saying this for your own good, not to restrict you, but that you may live in a right way in undivided(AJ) devotion to the Lord.

36 If anyone is worried that he might not be acting honorably toward the virgin he is engaged to, and if his passions are too strong[b] and he feels he ought to marry, he should do as he wants. He is not sinning.(AK) They should get married. 37 But the man who has settled the matter in his own mind, who is under no compulsion but has control over his own will, and who has made up his mind not to marry the virgin—this man also does the right thing. 38 So then, he who marries the virgin does right,(AL) but he who does not marry her does better.[c]

39 A woman is bound to her husband as long as he lives.(AM) But if her husband dies, she is free to marry anyone she wishes, but he must belong to the Lord.(AN) 40 In my judgment,(AO) she is happier if she stays as she is—and I think that I too have the Spirit of God.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Corinthians 7:8 Or widowers
  2. 1 Corinthians 7:36 Or if she is getting beyond the usual age for marriage
  3. 1 Corinthians 7:38 Or 36 If anyone thinks he is not treating his daughter properly, and if she is getting along in years (or if her passions are too strong), and he feels she ought to marry, he should do as he wants. He is not sinning. He should let her get married. 37 But the man who has settled the matter in his own mind, who is under no compulsion but has control over his own will, and who has made up his mind to keep the virgin unmarried—this man also does the right thing. 38 So then, he who gives his virgin in marriage does right, but he who does not give her in marriage does better.

Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman.

Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband.

Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband.

The wife hath not power of her own body, but the husband: and likewise also the husband hath not power of his own body, but the wife.

Defraud ye not one the other, except it be with consent for a time, that ye may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come together again, that Satan tempt you not for your incontinency.

But I speak this by permission, and not of commandment.

For I would that all men were even as I myself. But every man hath his proper gift of God, one after this manner, and another after that.

I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, it is good for them if they abide even as I.

But if they cannot contain, let them marry: for it is better to marry than to burn.

10 And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband:

11 But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried or be reconciled to her husband: and let not the husband put away his wife.

12 But to the rest speak I, not the Lord: If any brother hath a wife that believeth not, and she be pleased to dwell with him, let him not put her away.

13 And the woman which hath an husband that believeth not, and if he be pleased to dwell with her, let her not leave him.

14 For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband: else were your children unclean; but now are they holy.

15 But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart. A brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases: but God hath called us to peace.

16 For what knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shalt save thy husband? or how knowest thou, O man, whether thou shalt save thy wife?

17 But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath called every one, so let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches.

18 Is any man called being circumcised? let him not become uncircumcised. Is any called in uncircumcision? let him not be circumcised.

19 Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God.

20 Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.

21 Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather.

22 For he that is called in the Lord, being a servant, is the Lord's freeman: likewise also he that is called, being free, is Christ's servant.

23 Ye are bought with a price; be not ye the servants of men.

24 Brethren, let every man, wherein he is called, therein abide with God.

25 Now concerning virgins I have no commandment of the Lord: yet I give my judgment, as one that hath obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful.

26 I suppose therefore that this is good for the present distress, I say, that it is good for a man so to be.

27 Art thou bound unto a wife? seek not to be loosed. Art thou loosed from a wife? seek not a wife.

28 But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you.

29 But this I say, brethren, the time is short: it remaineth, that both they that have wives be as though they had none;

30 And they that weep, as though they wept not; and they that rejoice, as though they rejoiced not; and they that buy, as though they possessed not;

31 And they that use this world, as not abusing it: for the fashion of this world passeth away.

32 But I would have you without carefulness. He that is unmarried careth for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please the Lord:

33 But he that is married careth for the things that are of the world, how he may please his wife.

34 There is difference also between a wife and a virgin. The unmarried woman careth for the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and in spirit: but she that is married careth for the things of the world, how she may please her husband.

35 And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction.

36 But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not: let them marry.

37 Nevertheless he that standeth stedfast in his heart, having no necessity, but hath power over his own will, and hath so decreed in his heart that he will keep his virgin, doeth well.

38 So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better.

39 The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband liveth; but if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whom she will; only in the Lord.

40 But she is happier if she so abide, after my judgment: and I think also that I have the Spirit of God.