谴责律法教师和法利赛人

23 随后,耶稣对百姓和门徒说: “律法教师和法利赛人坐在摩西的位子上讲授律法。 你们要谨遵他们的教导,但不要效法他们的行为,因为他们言行不一。 他们捆好重担放在别人肩上,而自己连一根指头也不肯动!

“他们的所作所为是为了给人看的,他们把额上佩戴的经文盒子加宽了,又将衣裳的穗边加长了。 他们喜欢宴席中的上座和会堂里的首位。 他们喜欢别人在街市上问候他们,称呼他们为老师[a] 但你们不要让别人称呼你们为老师,因为你们只有一位老师,你们彼此都是弟兄。 不要称呼地上的人为父亲,因为你们只有一位父亲,祂在天上。 10 不要让人称你们为导师,因为你们只有一位导师——基督。 11 你们当中谁最伟大,谁就要做你们的仆人。 12 自高的人必遭贬抑,谦卑的人必得尊荣。

13 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!因为你们当着人们的面关闭天国之门,自己不进去,也不让别人进去。

14 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!因为你们侵吞寡妇的财产,还假意做冗长的祷告。因此,你们会受到更严厉的刑罚。[b]

15 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!因为你们走遍海洋和陆地去引人入教,等人入了教,却使他沦为地狱之子,比你们还坏一倍。

16 “瞎眼的向导啊,你们有祸了!你们说,‘指着圣殿发誓,不算数;但是指着圣殿里的金子发誓,就要遵守誓言。’ 17 无知的瞎子啊!金子重要呢?还是使金子神圣的圣殿重要呢? 18 你们又说,‘指着祭坛发誓不算数,但是指着坛上的供物发誓,就要遵守誓言。’ 19 瞎眼的人啊!供物重要呢?还是使供物神圣的祭坛重要呢? 20 其实指着祭坛发誓,就是指着祭坛和坛上的一切东西发誓。 21 指着圣殿发誓,就是指着圣殿和住在里面的上帝发誓。 22 指着天发誓,就是指着上帝的宝座和坐在宝座上的那位发誓。

23 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!你们把薄荷、茴香、芹菜献上十分之一,却忽略了律法中更重要的事——公正、怜悯、信实。后者是你们本该做的,前者也不可忽略。 24 瞎眼的向导啊!你们滤出蚊虫,却吞下骆驼。

25 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!你们洗净杯盘的外面,里面却盛满了贪婪和放纵。 26 瞎眼的法利赛人啊!要先洗净杯盘的里面,好让外面也干净。[c]

27 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!你们好像粉饰的坟墓,外表好看,里面却装满了死人的骨头和各样污秽之物。 28 你们虚有公义的外表,内心却充满了各种的虚伪和罪恶。

29 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!你们为先知建墓,为义人修碑,并且说, 30 ‘如果我们活在我们祖先的时代,绝不会和他们一起去杀害先知。’ 31 这样,你们自己证明自己是杀害先知之人的后代。 32 去填满你们祖先的罪恶吧! 33 你们这些蛇,这些毒蛇的后代啊,你们怎能逃脱地狱的刑罚呢?

34 “看啊,我派先知、智者和律法教师到你们当中,有的会遭到你们的杀害,被你们钉在十字架上;有的会在会堂里被你们鞭打,被你们从这城追到那城。 35 因此,所有义人在地上所流的血,就是从义人亚伯的血,直到你们在圣所和祭坛之间所杀的巴拉加的儿子撒迦利亚的血,都要归到你们身上。 36 我实在告诉你们,这一切的罪责都要归到这个世代。

为耶路撒冷哀叹

37 “耶路撒冷啊!耶路撒冷啊!你常杀害先知,又用石头打死派到你那里的使者。我多次想要招聚你的儿女,像母鸡将小鸡聚集在翅膀底下,可是你们却不肯。 38 看啊!你们的家园将一片荒凉。 39 我告诉你们,从现在起,直到你们说‘奉主名来的当受称颂’那天之前,你们再也见不到我了。”

Footnotes

  1. 23:7 老师”希腊文是“拉比”,特指犹太教的老师。
  2. 23:14 有些古卷无:“虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!因为你们侵吞寡妇的财产,还假意做冗长的祷告。因此,你们会受到更严厉的刑罚。”
  3. 23:26 意思是:“里面的思想先干净了,外在的言行才会真正干净。”

譴責律法教師和法利賽人

23 隨後,耶穌對百姓和門徒說: 「律法教師和法利賽人坐在摩西的位子上講授律法。 你們要遵行他們的教導,但不要效法他們的行為,因為他們言行不一。 他們捆好重擔放在別人肩上,而自己連一根指頭也不肯動!

「他們的所作所為是為了給人看的,他們把額上佩戴的經文盒子加寬了,又將衣裳的穗邊加長了。 他們喜歡宴席中的上座和會堂裡的首位。 他們喜歡別人在街市上問候他們,稱呼他們為老師[a] 但你們不要讓別人稱呼你們為老師,因為你們只有一位老師,你們彼此都是弟兄。 不要稱呼地上的人為父親,因為你們只有一位父親,祂在天上。 10 不要讓人稱你們為導師,因為你們只有一位導師——基督。 11 你們當中誰最偉大,誰就要作你們的僕人。 12 自高的人必遭貶抑,謙卑的人必得尊榮。

13 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!因為你們當著人們的面關閉天國之門,自己不進去,也不讓別人進去。

14 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!因為你們侵吞寡婦的財產,還假意做冗長的禱告。因此,你們會受到更嚴厲的刑罰。[b]

15 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!因為你們走遍海洋和陸地去引人入教,等人入了教,卻使他淪為地獄之子,比你們還壞兩倍。

16 「瞎眼的嚮導啊,你們有禍了!你們說,『指著聖殿發誓,不算數;但是指著聖殿裡的金子發誓,就要遵守誓言。』 17 無知的瞎子啊!金子重要呢?還是使金子神聖的聖殿重要呢? 18 你們又說,『指著祭壇發誓不算數,但是指著壇上的供物發誓,就要遵守誓言。』 19 瞎眼的人啊!供物重要呢?還是使供物神聖的祭壇重要呢? 20 其實指著祭壇發誓,就是指著祭壇和壇上的一切東西發誓。 21 指著聖殿發誓,就是指著聖殿和住在裡面的上帝發誓。 22 指著天發誓,就是指著上帝的寶座和坐在寶座上的那位發誓。

23 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!你們把薄荷、茴香、芹菜獻上十分之一,卻忽略了律法中更重要的事——公正、憐憫、信實。後者是你們本該做的,前者也不可忽略。 24 瞎眼的嚮導啊!你們濾出蚊蟲,卻吞下駱駝。

25 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!你們洗淨杯盤的外面,裡頭卻盛滿了貪婪和放縱。 26 瞎眼的法利賽人啊!要先洗淨杯盤的裡面,好讓外面也乾淨。[c]

27 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!你們好像粉飾的墳墓,外表好看,裡面卻裝滿了死人的骨頭和各樣污穢之物。 28 你們虛有公義的外表,內心卻充滿了各種的虛偽和罪惡。

29 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!你們為先知建墓,為義人修碑,並且說, 30 『如果我們活在我們祖先的時代,絕不會和他們一起去殺害先知。』 31 這樣,你們自己證明自己是殺害先知之人的後代。 32 去填滿你們祖先的罪惡吧! 33 你們這些蛇,這些毒蛇的後代啊,你們怎能逃脫地獄的刑罰呢?

34 「看啊,我派先知、智者和律法教師到你們當中,有的會遭到你們的殺害,被你們釘在十字架上;有的會在會堂裡被你們鞭打,被你們從這城追到那城。 35 因此,所有義人在地上所流的血,就是從義人亞伯的血,直到你們在聖所和祭壇之間所殺的巴拉加的兒子撒加利亞的血,都要歸到你們身上。 36 我實在告訴你們,這一切的罪責都要歸到這個世代。

為耶路撒冷哀歎

37 「耶路撒冷啊!耶路撒冷啊!你常殺害先知,又用石頭打死派到你那裡的使者。我多次想要招聚你的兒女,像母雞將小雞聚集在翅膀底下,可是你們卻不肯。 38 看啊!你們的家園將一片荒涼。 39 我告訴你們,從現在起,直到你們說『奉主名來的當受稱頌』那天之前,你們再也見不到我了。」

Footnotes

  1. 23·7 老師」希臘文是「拉比」,特指猶太教的老師。
  2. 23·14 有些古卷無:「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!因為你們侵吞寡婦的財產,還假意做冗長的禱告。因此,你們會受到更嚴厲的刑罰。」
  3. 23·26 意思是:「裡面的思想先乾淨了,外在的言行才會真正乾淨。」

Jesus Tells The Crowds: Do Not Act Like The Scribes And Pharisees

23 Then Jesus spoke to the crowds and to His disciples, saying— “The scribes and the Pharisees sat-down[a] on the seat of Moses. Therefore, do and be keeping all that they tell you. But do not be acting[b] in accordance with their works. For they say things and do not do them. And they bind-up heavy and hard-to-bear burdens[c] and lay them on the shoulders of people. But they are not willing to move[d] them with their finger. And they do all their works so-as to be seen by people. For they widen their phylacteries[e] and lengthen their tassels[f]. And they love the place-of-honor[g] at the banquets, and the seats-of-honor[h] in the synagogues, and the greetings in the marketplaces, and to be called ‘Rabbi’[i] by people. But you— do not be called[j] ‘Rabbi’. For One is your Teacher, and you are all brothers. And do not call[k] one on earth your father. For One is your Father— the heavenly One. 10 Nor be called master-teachers[l], because your master-teacher is One— the Christ. 11 But the greater[m] of you shall be your servant. 12 And whoever will exalt himself will be humbled, and whoever will humble himself will be exalted.

Woe To You, Scribes And Pharisees. You Are Blind Guides. How Will You Escape Hell?

13 “But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you are shutting the kingdom of the heavens in-front-of [n] people. For you are not entering, nor are you permitting the ones entering to enter. 14 [o] 15 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you go-around the sea and the dry land to make one proselyte. And when he becomes one, you make him a son of Gehenna[p] double-more than you. 16 Woe to you, blind guides— the ones saying, ‘Whoever swears-an-oath by the temple, it is nothing. But whoever swears-an-oath by the gold of the temple, he is obligated’. 17 Foolish and blind ones! For which is greater, the gold, or the temple having sanctified[q] the gold? 18 And, ‘Whoever swears-an-oath by the altar, it is nothing. But whoever swears-an-oath by the gift[r] on it, he is obligated’. 19 Blind ones! For which is greater, the gift, or the altar sanctifying the gift? 20 Therefore, the one having sworn by the altar is swearing by it and by all the things on it. 21 And the one having sworn by the temple is swearing by it and by the One dwelling-in[s] it. 22 And the one having sworn by heaven is swearing by the throne of God and by the One sitting on it. 23 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you are giving-a-tenth-of the mint and the dill and the cummin, and you neglected[t] the weightier things of the Law— the justice, and the mercy, and the faithfulness[u]. But you ought-to-have done these things, and not be neglecting those things. 24 Blind guides— the ones straining-out[v] the gnat, but swallowing[w] the camel! 25 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you cleanse the outside of the cup and the dish, but inside they are full from[x] [your] plundering and self-indulgence. 26 Blind Pharisee— first cleanse the inside of the cup, in order that the outside of it may also become clean! 27 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you are similar to burial-places having been whitewashed[y], which outside appear beautiful, but inside are full of bones of dead ones and all impurity! 28 So also you outside appear righteous to people— but inside you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness! 29 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you build the burial-places of the prophets and adorn[z] the tombs of the righteous ones, 30 and say, ‘If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been their partners in the blood of the prophets’. 31 So then, you are testifying concerning yourselves that you are sons[aa] of the ones having murdered the prophets. 32 And you— fill-up[ab] the measure of your fathers! 33 Snakes, brood of vipers, how may you escape from the condemnation of [ac] Gehenna?

God Will Avenge The Blood of All The Righteous On You. Your House Is Left Desolate

34 “For this reason behold, I am sending-forth prophets and wise ones and scribes[ad] to you— some of them you will kill and crucify, and some of them you will whip in your synagogues and persecute from city to city— 35 so that all the righteous blood being shed on the earth[ae] may come upon you[af]: from the blood of Abel[ag] the righteous one, up to the blood of Zechariah, son of Berechiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. 36 Truly I say to you, all these things will come upon this generation. 37 Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the one killing the prophets and stoning the ones having been sent-forth to her. How often I wanted to gather together your children the way a hen gathers together her chicks under her wings, and you did not want it. 38 Behold— your house is being left to you desolate[ah]. 39 For I say to you, you will by no means see Me[ai] from now on until you say, ‘Blessed is the One coming in the name of the Lord’”.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 23:2 That is, they took their seat as teachers of the Law.
  2. Matthew 23:3 Lit, doing. That is, Do what they teach you from the Law, but do not be doing what they do.
  3. Matthew 23:4 Jesus is referring to their traditions, their man-made rules of conduct.
  4. Matthew 23:4 That is, to help those carrying them; or, to carry them themselves.
  5. Matthew 23:5 That is, the small leather boxes worn on the forehead and arm, containing Ex 13:1-10, 11-16; Deut 6:4-9; 11:13-21. This symbolized guarding oneself to keep the commandments, in literal obedience to Ex 13:9, 16; Deut 6:8; 11:18. But the Pharisees made them bigger for show.
  6. Matthew 23:5 That is, the tassels the Jews wore on the four corners of their garments in obedience to Num 15:38-41. Jesus Himself wore them, Mt 9:20; 14:36. But they lengthened them for show.
  7. Matthew 23:6 Lit, the first reclining place (they reclined to eat); the foremost place to eat.
  8. Matthew 23:6 Lit, first seats, foremost seats.
  9. Matthew 23:7 Or, Teacher.
  10. Matthew 23:8 Do not accept the title of ‘teacher’, elevating you above your brothers and sisters. God is your teacher.
  11. Matthew 23:9 Do not give out such honor to others by calling them ‘father’.
  12. Matthew 23:10 That is, the honored teaching expert who leads the way in a thing.
  13. Matthew 23:11 Or, greatest.
  14. Matthew 23:13 You pull the door shut from the outside before they can enter.
  15. Matthew 23:14 Some manuscripts have here, ‘And woe to you scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you devour the houses of the widows, and are praying long for a pretense. Because of this, you will receive a greater condemnation’.
  16. Matthew 23:15 That is, hell. You make converts to Phariseeism, not to God.
  17. Matthew 23:17 Or, consecrated, made holy.
  18. Matthew 23:18 That is, the sacrificial offering.
  19. Matthew 23:21 Or, inhabiting. God dwelled in this temple in the same way as in all the earth, not in a local sense, as said in Act 7:48; 17:24. Yet He also dwelled in it as the place where He chose to be worshiped by His people Israel in accordance with the Law He gave them.
  20. Matthew 23:23 Or, let go, left behind.
  21. Matthew 23:23 That is, fidelity, being trustworthy. Or, faith.
  22. Matthew 23:24 Or, filtering.
  23. Matthew 23:24 Gnats and camels were both unclean under the Law of Moses. Jesus does not fault the Pharisees for their over-attention to micro-matters (they actually filtered the gnats out of their drinks), but for their under-attention to the big issues (they figuratively swallowed camels).
  24. Matthew 23:25 Or, of. The cup is full with the things resulting from your greedy and self-indulgent actions.
  25. Matthew 23:27 A month before Passover, burial places were whitewashed to prevent pilgrims from accidentally coming in contact with them and becoming ceremonially unclean.
  26. Matthew 23:29 Or, decorate, put in order.
  27. Matthew 23:31 That is, you share the traits of your fathers who murdered the prophets. Compare Lk 11:48.
  28. Matthew 23:32 This is a command. Do what is in your hearts! Do what your fathers did!
  29. Matthew 23:33 That is, consisting of. The sentence consisting of hell.
  30. Matthew 23:34 Jesus is referring to the apostles and others whom He will send after His death.
  31. Matthew 23:35 Or, land.
  32. Matthew 23:35 That is, so that the bloodguilt of your fathers may be avenged upon you as you repeat their crimes on those I send.
  33. Matthew 23:35 Abel to Zechariah. That is, from the first recorded murder in the OT to the last (in the Hebrew order of books).
  34. Matthew 23:38 Or, deserted, empty.
  35. Matthew 23:39 That is, as Messiah, son of God. These words represent the end of the public ministry of Jesus to Israel.

A Warning Against Hypocrisy(A)(B)

23 Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples: “The teachers of the law(C) and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat. So you must be careful to do everything they tell you. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they preach. They tie up heavy, cumbersome loads and put them on other people’s shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them.(D)

“Everything they do is done for people to see:(E) They make their phylacteries[a](F) wide and the tassels on their garments(G) long; they love the place of honor at banquets and the most important seats in the synagogues;(H) they love to be greeted with respect in the marketplaces and to be called ‘Rabbi’ by others.(I)

“But you are not to be called ‘Rabbi,’ for you have one Teacher, and you are all brothers. And do not call anyone on earth ‘father,’ for you have one Father,(J) and he is in heaven. 10 Nor are you to be called instructors, for you have one Instructor, the Messiah. 11 The greatest among you will be your servant.(K) 12 For those who exalt themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted.(L)

Seven Woes on the Teachers of the Law and the Pharisees

13 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites!(M) You shut the door of the kingdom of heaven in people’s faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor will you let those enter who are trying to.(N) [14] [b]

15 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You travel over land and sea to win a single convert,(O) and when you have succeeded, you make them twice as much a child of hell(P) as you are.

16 “Woe to you, blind guides!(Q) You say, ‘If anyone swears by the temple, it means nothing; but anyone who swears by the gold of the temple is bound by that oath.’(R) 17 You blind fools! Which is greater: the gold, or the temple that makes the gold sacred?(S) 18 You also say, ‘If anyone swears by the altar, it means nothing; but anyone who swears by the gift on the altar is bound by that oath.’ 19 You blind men! Which is greater: the gift, or the altar that makes the gift sacred?(T) 20 Therefore, anyone who swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it. 21 And anyone who swears by the temple swears by it and by the one who dwells(U) in it. 22 And anyone who swears by heaven swears by God’s throne and by the one who sits on it.(V)

23 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a tenth(W) of your spices—mint, dill and cumin. But you have neglected the more important matters of the law—justice, mercy and faithfulness.(X) You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former. 24 You blind guides!(Y) You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel.

25 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish,(Z) but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence.(AA) 26 Blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and dish, and then the outside also will be clean.

27 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs,(AB) which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of the bones of the dead and everything unclean. 28 In the same way, on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness.

29 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You build tombs for the prophets(AC) and decorate the graves of the righteous. 30 And you say, ‘If we had lived in the days of our ancestors, we would not have taken part with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ 31 So you testify against yourselves that you are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets.(AD) 32 Go ahead, then, and complete(AE) what your ancestors started!(AF)

33 “You snakes! You brood of vipers!(AG) How will you escape being condemned to hell?(AH) 34 Therefore I am sending you prophets and sages and teachers. Some of them you will kill and crucify;(AI) others you will flog in your synagogues(AJ) and pursue from town to town.(AK) 35 And so upon you will come all the righteous blood that has been shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel(AL) to the blood of Zechariah son of Berekiah,(AM) whom you murdered between the temple and the altar.(AN) 36 Truly I tell you, all this will come on this generation.(AO)

37 “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you,(AP) how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings,(AQ) and you were not willing. 38 Look, your house is left to you desolate.(AR) 39 For I tell you, you will not see me again until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.’[c](AS)

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 23:5 That is, boxes containing Scripture verses, worn on forehead and arm
  2. Matthew 23:14 Some manuscripts include here words similar to Mark 12:40 and Luke 20:47.
  3. Matthew 23:39 Psalm 118:26