譴責律法教師和法利賽人

23 隨後,耶穌對百姓和門徒說: 「律法教師和法利賽人坐在摩西的位子上講授律法。 你們要遵行他們的教導,但不要效法他們的行為,因為他們言行不一。 他們捆好重擔放在別人肩上,而自己連一根指頭也不肯動!

「他們的所作所為是為了給人看的,他們把額上佩戴的經文盒子加寬了,又將衣裳的穗邊加長了。 他們喜歡宴席中的上座和會堂裡的首位。 他們喜歡別人在街市上問候他們,稱呼他們為老師[a] 但你們不要讓別人稱呼你們為老師,因為你們只有一位老師,你們彼此都是弟兄。 不要稱呼地上的人為父親,因為你們只有一位父親,祂在天上。 10 不要讓人稱你們為導師,因為你們只有一位導師——基督。 11 你們當中誰最偉大,誰就要作你們的僕人。 12 自高的人必遭貶抑,謙卑的人必得尊榮。

13 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!因為你們當著人們的面關閉天國之門,自己不進去,也不讓別人進去。

14 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!因為你們侵吞寡婦的財產,還假意做冗長的禱告。因此,你們會受到更嚴厲的刑罰。[b]

15 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!因為你們走遍海洋和陸地去引人入教,等人入了教,卻使他淪為地獄之子,比你們還壞兩倍。

16 「瞎眼的嚮導啊,你們有禍了!你們說,『指著聖殿發誓,不算數;但是指著聖殿裡的金子發誓,就要遵守誓言。』 17 無知的瞎子啊!金子重要呢?還是使金子神聖的聖殿重要呢? 18 你們又說,『指著祭壇發誓不算數,但是指著壇上的供物發誓,就要遵守誓言。』 19 瞎眼的人啊!供物重要呢?還是使供物神聖的祭壇重要呢? 20 其實指著祭壇發誓,就是指著祭壇和壇上的一切東西發誓。 21 指著聖殿發誓,就是指著聖殿和住在裡面的上帝發誓。 22 指著天發誓,就是指著上帝的寶座和坐在寶座上的那位發誓。

23 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!你們把薄荷、茴香、芹菜獻上十分之一,卻忽略了律法中更重要的事——公正、憐憫、信實。後者是你們本該做的,前者也不可忽略。 24 瞎眼的嚮導啊!你們濾出蚊蟲,卻吞下駱駝。

25 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!你們洗淨杯盤的外面,裡頭卻盛滿了貪婪和放縱。 26 瞎眼的法利賽人啊!要先洗淨杯盤的裡面,好讓外面也乾淨。[c]

27 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!你們好像粉飾的墳墓,外表好看,裡面卻裝滿了死人的骨頭和各樣污穢之物。 28 你們虛有公義的外表,內心卻充滿了各種的虛偽和罪惡。

29 「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!你們為先知建墓,為義人修碑,並且說, 30 『如果我們活在我們祖先的時代,絕不會和他們一起去殺害先知。』 31 這樣,你們自己證明自己是殺害先知之人的後代。 32 去填滿你們祖先的罪惡吧! 33 你們這些蛇,這些毒蛇的後代啊,你們怎能逃脫地獄的刑罰呢?

34 「看啊,我派先知、智者和律法教師到你們當中,有的會遭到你們的殺害,被你們釘在十字架上;有的會在會堂裡被你們鞭打,被你們從這城追到那城。 35 因此,所有義人在地上所流的血,就是從義人亞伯的血,直到你們在聖所和祭壇之間所殺的巴拉加的兒子撒加利亞的血,都要歸到你們身上。 36 我實在告訴你們,這一切的罪責都要歸到這個世代。

為耶路撒冷哀歎

37 「耶路撒冷啊!耶路撒冷啊!你常殺害先知,又用石頭打死派到你那裡的使者。我多次想要招聚你的兒女,像母雞將小雞聚集在翅膀底下,可是你們卻不肯。 38 看啊!你們的家園將一片荒涼。 39 我告訴你們,從現在起,直到你們說『奉主名來的當受稱頌』那天之前,你們再也見不到我了。」

Footnotes

  1. 23·7 老師」希臘文是「拉比」,特指猶太教的老師。
  2. 23·14 有些古卷無:「虛偽的律法教師和法利賽人啊,你們有禍了!因為你們侵吞寡婦的財產,還假意做冗長的禱告。因此,你們會受到更嚴厲的刑罰。」
  3. 23·26 意思是:「裡面的思想先乾淨了,外在的言行才會真正乾淨。」

谴责律法教师和法利赛人

23 随后,耶稣对百姓和门徒说: “律法教师和法利赛人坐在摩西的位子上讲授律法。 你们要谨遵他们的教导,但不要效法他们的行为,因为他们言行不一。 他们捆好重担放在别人肩上,而自己连一根指头也不肯动!

“他们的所作所为是为了给人看的,他们把额上佩戴的经文盒子加宽了,又将衣裳的穗边加长了。 他们喜欢宴席中的上座和会堂里的首位。 他们喜欢别人在街市上问候他们,称呼他们为老师[a] 但你们不要让别人称呼你们为老师,因为你们只有一位老师,你们彼此都是弟兄。 不要称呼地上的人为父亲,因为你们只有一位父亲,祂在天上。 10 不要让人称你们为导师,因为你们只有一位导师——基督。 11 你们当中谁最伟大,谁就要做你们的仆人。 12 自高的人必遭贬抑,谦卑的人必得尊荣。

13 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!因为你们当着人们的面关闭天国之门,自己不进去,也不让别人进去。

14 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!因为你们侵吞寡妇的财产,还假意做冗长的祷告。因此,你们会受到更严厉的刑罚。[b]

15 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!因为你们走遍海洋和陆地去引人入教,等人入了教,却使他沦为地狱之子,比你们还坏一倍。

16 “瞎眼的向导啊,你们有祸了!你们说,‘指着圣殿发誓,不算数;但是指着圣殿里的金子发誓,就要遵守誓言。’ 17 无知的瞎子啊!金子重要呢?还是使金子神圣的圣殿重要呢? 18 你们又说,‘指着祭坛发誓不算数,但是指着坛上的供物发誓,就要遵守誓言。’ 19 瞎眼的人啊!供物重要呢?还是使供物神圣的祭坛重要呢? 20 其实指着祭坛发誓,就是指着祭坛和坛上的一切东西发誓。 21 指着圣殿发誓,就是指着圣殿和住在里面的上帝发誓。 22 指着天发誓,就是指着上帝的宝座和坐在宝座上的那位发誓。

23 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!你们把薄荷、茴香、芹菜献上十分之一,却忽略了律法中更重要的事——公正、怜悯、信实。后者是你们本该做的,前者也不可忽略。 24 瞎眼的向导啊!你们滤出蚊虫,却吞下骆驼。

25 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!你们洗净杯盘的外面,里面却盛满了贪婪和放纵。 26 瞎眼的法利赛人啊!要先洗净杯盘的里面,好让外面也干净。[c]

27 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!你们好像粉饰的坟墓,外表好看,里面却装满了死人的骨头和各样污秽之物。 28 你们虚有公义的外表,内心却充满了各种的虚伪和罪恶。

29 “虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!你们为先知建墓,为义人修碑,并且说, 30 ‘如果我们活在我们祖先的时代,绝不会和他们一起去杀害先知。’ 31 这样,你们自己证明自己是杀害先知之人的后代。 32 去填满你们祖先的罪恶吧! 33 你们这些蛇,这些毒蛇的后代啊,你们怎能逃脱地狱的刑罚呢?

34 “看啊,我派先知、智者和律法教师到你们当中,有的会遭到你们的杀害,被你们钉在十字架上;有的会在会堂里被你们鞭打,被你们从这城追到那城。 35 因此,所有义人在地上所流的血,就是从义人亚伯的血,直到你们在圣所和祭坛之间所杀的巴拉加的儿子撒迦利亚的血,都要归到你们身上。 36 我实在告诉你们,这一切的罪责都要归到这个世代。

为耶路撒冷哀叹

37 “耶路撒冷啊!耶路撒冷啊!你常杀害先知,又用石头打死派到你那里的使者。我多次想要招聚你的儿女,像母鸡将小鸡聚集在翅膀底下,可是你们却不肯。 38 看啊!你们的家园将一片荒凉。 39 我告诉你们,从现在起,直到你们说‘奉主名来的当受称颂’那天之前,你们再也见不到我了。”

Footnotes

  1. 23:7 老师”希腊文是“拉比”,特指犹太教的老师。
  2. 23:14 有些古卷无:“虚伪的律法教师和法利赛人啊,你们有祸了!因为你们侵吞寡妇的财产,还假意做冗长的祷告。因此,你们会受到更严厉的刑罚。”
  3. 23:26 意思是:“里面的思想先干净了,外在的言行才会真正干净。”

Jesus Accuses the Leaders

23 Then Jesus spoke to the crowds and to his followers. Jesus said, “The teachers of the law and the Pharisees have the authority to tell you what the law of Moses says. So you should obey and follow whatever they tell you. But their lives are not good examples for you to follow. They tell you to do things, but they don’t do the things themselves. They make strict rules and try to force people to obey them. But they themselves will not try to follow any of those rules.

“The reason they do good things is so other people will see them. They make the boxes[a] of Scriptures that they wear bigger and bigger. And they make their special prayer clothes very long so that people will notice them. Those Pharisees and teachers of the law love to have the most important seats at the feasts. And they love to have the most important seats in the synagogues. They love people to show respect to them in the marketplaces. And they love to have people call them ‘Teacher.’

“But you must not be called ‘Teacher.’ You are all brothers and sisters together. You have only one Teacher. And don’t call any person on earth ‘Father.’ You have one Father. He is in heaven. 10 And you should not be called ‘Master.’ You have only one Master, the Christ. 11 He who serves you as a servant is the greatest among you. 12 Whoever makes himself great will be made humble. Whoever makes himself humble will be made great.

13 “How terrible for you, teachers of the law and Pharisees! You are hypocrites! You close the door for people to enter the kingdom of heaven. You yourselves don’t enter, and you stop others who are trying to enter. 14 [How terrible for you, teachers of the law and Pharisees. You are hypocrites. You take away widows’ houses, and you make long prayers so that people can see you. So you will have a worse punishment.][b]

15 “How terrible for you, teachers of the law and Pharisees! You are hypocrites! You travel across land and sea to find one person who will follow your ways. When you find that person, you make him more fit for hell than you are.

16 “How terrible for you, teachers of the law and Pharisees! You guide the people, but you are blind. You say, ‘If anyone swears by the Temple when he makes a promise, that means nothing. But if anyone swears by the gold that is in the Temple, then he must keep that promise.’ 17 You are blind fools! Which is greater: the gold or the Temple? The Temple makes that gold holy. 18 And you say, ‘If anyone swears by the altar when he makes a promise, that means nothing. But if he swears by the gift on the altar, then he must keep his promise.’ 19 You are blind! Which is greater: the gift or the altar? The altar makes the gift holy. 20 The person who swears by the altar is really using the altar and also everything on the altar. 21 And the person who uses the Temple to make a promise is really using the Temple and also everything in the Temple. 22 The person who uses heaven to make a promise is also using God’s throne and the One who sits on that throne.

23 “How terrible for you, teachers of the law and Pharisees! You are hypocrites! You give to God one-tenth of everything you earn—even your mint, dill, and cummin.[c] But you don’t obey the really important teachings of the law—being fair, showing mercy, and being loyal. These are the things you should do, as well as those other things. 24 You guide the people, but you are blind! You are like a person who picks a fly out of his drink and then swallows a camel![d]

25 “How terrible for you, teachers of the law and Pharisees! You are hypocrites! You wash the outside of your cups and dishes. But inside they are full of things that you got by cheating others and pleasing only yourselves. 26 Pharisees, you are blind! First make the inside of the cup clean and good. Then the outside of the cup can be truly clean.

27 “How terrible for you, teachers of the law and Pharisees. You are hypocrites! You are like tombs that are painted white. Outside, those tombs look fine. But inside, they are full of the bones of dead people, and all kinds of unclean things are there. 28 It is the same with you. People look at you and think you are good. But on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and evil.

29 “How terrible for you, teachers of the law and Pharisees! You are hypocrites! You build tombs for the prophets. You show honor to the graves of people who lived good lives. 30 And you say, ‘If we had lived during the time of our fathers, we would not have helped them kill the prophets.’ 31 But you give proof that you are children of those people who murdered the prophets. 32 And you will complete the sin that your fathers started!

33 “You are snakes! A family of poisonous snakes! You will not escape God. You will all be judged guilty and be sent to hell! 34 So I tell you this: I am sending to you prophets and wise men and teachers. You will kill some of these people. You will nail some of them to crosses. You will beat some of them in your synagogues. You will chase them from town to town. 35 So you will be guilty for the death of all the good people who have been killed on earth. You will be guilty for the murder of that good man Abel. And you will be guilty for the murder of Zechariah[e] son of Berakiah. He was murdered when he was between the Temple and the altar. 36 I tell you the truth. All of these things will happen to you people who are living now.

Jesus Feels Sorry for Jerusalem

37 “Jerusalem, Jerusalem! You kill the prophets and kill with stones those men God sent to you. Many times I wanted to help your people! I wanted to gather them together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings. But you did not let me. 38 Now your home will be left completely empty. 39 I tell you, you will not see me again until that time when you will say, ‘God bless the One who comes in the name of the Lord.’”[f]

Footnotes

  1. 23:5 boxes Small leather boxes containing four important Scriptures. Some Jews tied these to the forehead and left arm, probably to show they were very religious.
  2. 23:14 How . . . punishment. Some Greek copies do not contain the bracketed text.
  3. 23:23 mint, dill, and cummin Small plants grown in gardens and used for spices. Only very religious people would be careful enough to give a tenth of these plants.
  4. 23:24 You . . . camel! Meaning, “You worry about the smallest mistakes but commit the biggest sin.”
  5. 23:35 Abel . . . Zechariah In the Hebrew Old Testament, the first and last men to be murdered.
  6. 23:39 ‘God . . . Lord.’ Quotation from Psalm 118:26.

23 Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples,

Saying The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat:

All therefore whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do; but do not ye after their works: for they say, and do not.

For they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men's shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers.

But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make broad their phylacteries, and enlarge the borders of their garments,

And love the uppermost rooms at feasts, and the chief seats in the synagogues,

And greetings in the markets, and to be called of men, Rabbi, Rabbi.

But be not ye called Rabbi: for one is your Master, even Christ; and all ye are brethren.

And call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven.

10 Neither be ye called masters: for one is your Master, even Christ.

11 But he that is greatest among you shall be your servant.

12 And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be abased; and he that shall humble himself shall be exalted.

13 But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in.

14 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation.

15 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.

16 Woe unto you, ye blind guides, which say, Whosoever shall swear by the temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gold of the temple, he is a debtor!

17 Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gold, or the temple that sanctifieth the gold?

18 And, Whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by the gift that is upon it, he is guilty.

19 Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift?

20 Whoso therefore shall swear by the altar, sweareth by it, and by all things thereon.

21 And whoso shall swear by the temple, sweareth by it, and by him that dwelleth therein.

22 And he that shall swear by heaven, sweareth by the throne of God, and by him that sitteth thereon.

23 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.

24 Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.

25 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess.

26 Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also.

27 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness.

28 Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.

29 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the righteous,

30 And say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets.

31 Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets.

32 Fill ye up then the measure of your fathers.

33 Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell?

34 Wherefore, behold, I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes: and some of them ye shall kill and crucify; and some of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues, and persecute them from city to city:

35 That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.

36 Verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this generation.

37 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not!

38 Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.

39 For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.

A Warning Against Hypocrisy(A)(B)

23 Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples: “The teachers of the law(C) and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat. So you must be careful to do everything they tell you. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they preach. They tie up heavy, cumbersome loads and put them on other people’s shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them.(D)

“Everything they do is done for people to see:(E) They make their phylacteries[a](F) wide and the tassels on their garments(G) long; they love the place of honor at banquets and the most important seats in the synagogues;(H) they love to be greeted with respect in the marketplaces and to be called ‘Rabbi’ by others.(I)

“But you are not to be called ‘Rabbi,’ for you have one Teacher, and you are all brothers. And do not call anyone on earth ‘father,’ for you have one Father,(J) and he is in heaven. 10 Nor are you to be called instructors, for you have one Instructor, the Messiah. 11 The greatest among you will be your servant.(K) 12 For those who exalt themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted.(L)

Seven Woes on the Teachers of the Law and the Pharisees

13 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites!(M) You shut the door of the kingdom of heaven in people’s faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor will you let those enter who are trying to.(N) [14] [b]

15 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You travel over land and sea to win a single convert,(O) and when you have succeeded, you make them twice as much a child of hell(P) as you are.

16 “Woe to you, blind guides!(Q) You say, ‘If anyone swears by the temple, it means nothing; but anyone who swears by the gold of the temple is bound by that oath.’(R) 17 You blind fools! Which is greater: the gold, or the temple that makes the gold sacred?(S) 18 You also say, ‘If anyone swears by the altar, it means nothing; but anyone who swears by the gift on the altar is bound by that oath.’ 19 You blind men! Which is greater: the gift, or the altar that makes the gift sacred?(T) 20 Therefore, anyone who swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it. 21 And anyone who swears by the temple swears by it and by the one who dwells(U) in it. 22 And anyone who swears by heaven swears by God’s throne and by the one who sits on it.(V)

23 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a tenth(W) of your spices—mint, dill and cumin. But you have neglected the more important matters of the law—justice, mercy and faithfulness.(X) You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former. 24 You blind guides!(Y) You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel.

25 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish,(Z) but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence.(AA) 26 Blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and dish, and then the outside also will be clean.

27 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs,(AB) which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of the bones of the dead and everything unclean. 28 In the same way, on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness.

29 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You build tombs for the prophets(AC) and decorate the graves of the righteous. 30 And you say, ‘If we had lived in the days of our ancestors, we would not have taken part with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ 31 So you testify against yourselves that you are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets.(AD) 32 Go ahead, then, and complete(AE) what your ancestors started!(AF)

33 “You snakes! You brood of vipers!(AG) How will you escape being condemned to hell?(AH) 34 Therefore I am sending you prophets and sages and teachers. Some of them you will kill and crucify;(AI) others you will flog in your synagogues(AJ) and pursue from town to town.(AK) 35 And so upon you will come all the righteous blood that has been shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel(AL) to the blood of Zechariah son of Berekiah,(AM) whom you murdered between the temple and the altar.(AN) 36 Truly I tell you, all this will come on this generation.(AO)

37 “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you,(AP) how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings,(AQ) and you were not willing. 38 Look, your house is left to you desolate.(AR) 39 For I tell you, you will not see me again until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.’[c](AS)

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 23:5 That is, boxes containing Scripture verses, worn on forehead and arm
  2. Matthew 23:14 Some manuscripts include here words similar to Mark 12:40 and Luke 20:47.
  3. Matthew 23:39 Psalm 118:26