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Tristeza de Paulo por causa da incredulidade de Israel

Em Cristo digo a verdade, não minto (dando-me testemunho a minha consciência no Espírito Santo): tenho grande tristeza e contínua dor no meu coração. Porque eu mesmo poderia desejar ser separado de Cristo, por amor de meus irmãos, que são meus parentes segundo a carne; que são israelitas, dos quais é a adoção de filhos, e a glória, e os concertos, e a lei, e o culto, e as promessas; dos quais são os pais, e dos quais é Cristo, segundo a carne, o qual é sobre todos, Deus bendito eternamente. Amém!

A liberdade absoluta da graça de Deus

Não que a palavra de Deus haja faltado, porque nem todos os que são de Israel são israelitas; nem por serem descendência de Abraão são todos filhos; mas: Em Isaque será chamada a tua descendência. Isto é, não são os filhos da carne que são filhos de Deus, mas os filhos da promessa são contados como descendência. Porque a palavra da promessa é esta: Por este tempo virei, e Sara terá um filho. 10 E não somente esta, mas também Rebeca, quando concebeu de um, de Isaque, nosso pai; 11 porque, não tendo eles ainda nascido, nem tendo feito bem ou mal (para que o propósito de Deus, segundo a eleição, ficasse firme, não por causa das obras, mas por aquele que chama), 12 foi-lhe dito a ela: O maior servirá o menor. 13 Como está escrito: Amei Jacó e aborreci Esaú.

14 Que diremos, pois? Que há injustiça da parte de Deus? De maneira nenhuma! 15 Pois diz a Moisés: Compadecer-me-ei de quem me compadecer e terei misericórdia de quem eu tiver misericórdia. 16 Assim, pois, isto não depende do que quer, nem do que corre, mas de Deus, que se compadece. 17 Porque diz a Escritura a Faraó: Para isto mesmo te levantei, para em ti mostrar o meu poder e para que o meu nome seja anunciado em toda a terra. 18 Logo, pois, compadece-se de quem quer e endurece a quem quer.

19 Dir-me-ás, então: Por que se queixa ele ainda? Porquanto, quem resiste à sua vontade? 20 Mas, ó homem, quem és tu, que a Deus replicas? Porventura, a coisa formada dirá ao que a formou: Por que me fizeste assim? 21 Ou não tem o oleiro poder sobre o barro, para da mesma massa fazer um vaso para honra e outro para desonra? 22 E que direis se Deus, querendo mostrar a sua ira e dar a conhecer o seu poder, suportou com muita paciência os vasos da ira, preparados para perdição, 23 para que também desse a conhecer as riquezas da sua glória nos vasos de misericórdia, que para glória dantes preparou, 24 os quais somos nós, a quem também chamou, não só dentre os judeus, mas também dentre os gentios? 25 Como também diz em Oseias: Chamarei meu povo ao que não era meu povo; e amada, à que não era amada. 26 E sucederá que no lugar em que lhes foi dito: Vós não sois meu povo, aí serão chamados filhos do Deus vivo. 27 Também Isaías clamava acerca de Israel: Ainda que o número dos filhos de Israel seja como a areia do mar, o remanescente é que será salvo. 28 Porque o Senhor executará a sua palavra sobre a terra, completando-a e abreviando-a. 29 E como antes disse Isaías: Se o Senhor dos Exércitos nos não deixara descendência, teríamos sido feitos como Sodoma e seríamos semelhantes a Gomorra.

30 Que diremos, pois? Que os gentios, que não buscavam a justiça, alcançaram a justiça? Sim, mas a justiça que é pela fé. 31 Mas Israel, que buscava a lei da justiça, não chegou à lei da justiça. 32 Por quê? Porque não foi pela fé, mas como que pelas obras da lei. Tropeçaram na pedra de tropeço, 33 como está escrito: Eis que eu ponho em Sião uma pedra de tropeço e uma rocha de escândalo; e todo aquele que crer nela não será confundido.

上帝的選民

我在基督裡說真話,絕無謊言。我被聖靈感動的良心可以作證, 我心裡極為憂愁,痛苦不止! 為了我的弟兄——我的同胞以色列人,即使我自己被咒詛、與基督隔絕,我也願意! 身為以色列人,他們擁有上帝兒子的名分、上帝的榮耀、諸約、律法、聖殿敬拜和各種應許。 蒙揀選的族長是他們的先祖,基督降世為人也是做以色列人。祂是至大至尊,永遠當受稱頌的上帝。阿們!

當然,這並不表示上帝的話落了空,因為從以色列生的,不一定都是以色列人, 亞伯拉罕的後裔不一定都是亞伯拉罕的兒女,聖經上說:「以撒生的才可算為你的後裔。」 這話的意思是:亞伯拉罕憑血氣所生的兒女並不是上帝的兒女,只有憑應許所生的才算是他的後裔。 因為上帝曾這樣應許他:「明年這時候,我會再來,撒拉必生一個兒子。」

10 後來,利百加和我們的先祖以撒結婚,懷了雙胞胎。 11 在這對孩子還未出生,還沒有顯出誰善誰惡之前,上帝為了顯明自己揀選人並不是按人的行為,而是按祂自己的旨意, 12 便對利百加說:「將來大的要服侍小的。」 13 正如聖經上說:「我愛雅各,厭惡以掃。」

14 這樣看來,我們該怎麼下結論呢?難道上帝不公平嗎?當然不是。 15 祂曾對摩西說:

「我要憐憫誰就憐憫誰,
要恩待誰就恩待誰。」

16 可見這並不在於人的意志和努力,而在於祂的憐憫。 17 聖經記載著上帝對法老說的話:「我使你興起是為了在你身上彰顯我的權能,使我的名傳遍天下。」 18 總之,上帝要憐憫誰,就憐憫誰;要叫誰頑固,就叫誰頑固。

上帝的烈怒和憐憫

19 這樣,你肯定會對我說:「為什麼上帝還指責人呢?誰能抗拒祂的旨意呢?」 20 你這個人啊!你是誰啊?竟敢頂撞上帝!受造之物怎能對造物主說:「你為什麼把我造成這樣?」 21 陶匠難道不可以從一團泥中拿一部分造貴重的器皿,又拿一部分造平凡的器皿嗎?

22 倘若上帝要顯示祂的烈怒和權能,就儘量容忍那些祂預備要毀滅的器皿, 23 以便在那些祂憐憫並預備賜予榮耀的器皿上彰顯祂豐盛的榮耀,這難道不可以嗎? 24 那些蒙憐憫的器皿就是我們這些從猶太人和外族人中被上帝呼召的人。 25 正如上帝在《何西阿書》上說:

「本來不是我子民的,
我要稱他們為『我的子民』;
本來不是我所愛的,
我要稱他們為『我所愛的』。
26 從前我在什麼地方對他們說,
『你們不是我的子民。』
將來也要在那裡對他們說,
『你們是永活上帝的兒女。』」

27 關於以色列人,以賽亞先知曾疾呼:

「以色列人雖多如海沙,
但得救的只是剩餘的人,
28 因為上帝要在世上迅速、
徹底地執行祂的判決。」

29 以賽亞又說:

「若不是萬軍之主給我們存留後裔,
我們早就像所多瑪和蛾摩拉一樣滅亡了。」

以色列人和福音

30 這樣看來,我們該說什麼呢?本來不追求義的外族人卻因信而得到了義。 31 以色列人靠遵行律法追求義,卻徒勞無功。 32 為什麼會這樣呢?因為他們不憑信心,只靠自己的行為去追求義,結果就在那塊「絆腳石」上跌倒了。 33 正如聖經上說:

「看啊!我在錫安放了一塊絆腳石,
一塊使人跌倒的磐石。
但信靠祂的人必不致蒙羞。」

God’s Chosen People, Israel

(A)I am telling the truth in Christ, I am not lying, my conscience testifies with me in the Holy Spirit, that I have great sorrow and unceasing grief in my heart. For (B)I could [a]wish that I myself were (C)accursed, separated from Christ for the sake of my brothers, my kinsmen (D)according to the flesh, who are (E)Israelites, to whom belongs (F)the adoption as sons, and (G)the glory and (H)the covenants and (I)the giving of the Law and (J)the temple service and (K)the promises, whose are (L)the fathers, and (M)from whom is the [b]Christ according to the flesh, (N)who is (O)God over all, (P)blessed [c]forever. Amen.

But it is not as though (Q)the word of God has failed. (R)For they are not all Israel who are descended from Israel; nor are they all children (S)because they are Abraham’s seed, but: “[d](T)through Isaac your seed will be named.” That is, the children of the flesh are not the (U)children of God, but the (V)children of the promise are considered as seed. For this is the word of promise: “(W)At this time I will come, and Sarah shall have a son.” 10 (X)And not only this, but there was (Y)Rebekah also, when she had conceived twins by one man, our father Isaac; 11 for though the twins were not yet born and had not done anything good or bad, so that the (Z)purpose of God according to His choice would [e]stand, not [f]because of works but [g]because of Him who calls, 12 it was said to her, “(AA)The older shall serve the younger.” 13 Just as it is written, “(AB)Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”

14 (AC)What shall we say then? (AD)Is there any unrighteousness with God? (AE)May it never be! 15 For He says to Moses, “(AF)I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.” 16 So then it does not depend on the one who wills or the one who (AG)runs, but on (AH)God who has mercy. 17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, “(AI)For this very purpose I raised you up, in order to demonstrate My power in you, and in order that My name might be proclaimed [h]throughout the whole earth.” 18 So then He has mercy on whom He desires, and He (AJ)hardens whom He desires.

19 (AK)You will say to me then, “(AL)Why does He still find fault? For (AM)who resists His will?” 20 On the contrary, who are you, (AN)O man, who (AO)answers back to God? (AP)Will the thing molded say to the molder, “Why did you make me like this”? 21 Or does not the potter have authority over the clay, to make from the same lump one vessel [i]for honorable use and another [j]for dishonorable use? 22 And [k]what if God, wanting to demonstrate His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much (AQ)patience vessels of wrath (AR)having been prepared for destruction, 23 and in order that He might make known (AS)the riches of His glory upon (AT)vessels of mercy, which He (AU)prepared beforehand for glory— 24 even us, whom He also (AV)called, (AW)not from among Jews only, but also from among Gentiles? 25 As He says also in Hosea,

(AX)I will call those who were not My people, ‘My people,’
And her who was not beloved, ‘beloved.’”
26 (AY)And it shall be that in the place where it was said to them, ‘you are not My people,’
There they shall be called sons of (AZ)the living God.”

27 And Isaiah cries out concerning Israel, “(BA)Though the number of the sons of Israel be (BB)like the sand of the sea, it is (BC)the remnant that will be saved; 28 (BD)for the Lord will execute His word on the land, [l]thoroughly and [m]quickly.” 29 And just as Isaiah foretold,

(BE)Unless (BF)the Lord of [n]Sabaoth had left to us a seed,
(BG)We would have become like Sodom, and would have [o]resembled Gomorrah.”

30 (BH)What shall we say then? That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, laid hold of righteousness, even (BI)the righteousness which is [p]by faith; 31 but Israel, (BJ)pursuing a law of righteousness, did not (BK)attain that law. 32 Why? Because they did not pursue it [q]by faith, but as though it were [r]by works. They stumbled over (BL)the stumbling stone, 33 just as it is written,

(BM)Behold, I am laying in Zion (BN)a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense,
(BO)And the one who believes upon Him (BP)will not be put to shame.”

Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:3 Lit pray
  2. Romans 9:5 Messiah
  3. Romans 9:5 Lit to the ages
  4. Romans 9:7 Lit in
  5. Romans 9:11 Lit remain
  6. Romans 9:11 Lit from
  7. Romans 9:11 Lit from
  8. Romans 9:17 Lit in
  9. Romans 9:21 Lit for honor
  10. Romans 9:21 Lit for dishonor
  11. Romans 9:22 Lit But
  12. Romans 9:28 Lit finishing it
  13. Romans 9:28 Lit cutting it short
  14. Romans 9:29 Hosts
  15. Romans 9:29 Lit been made like
  16. Romans 9:30 Lit out of
  17. Romans 9:32 Lit out of
  18. Romans 9:32 Lit out of

Paul’s Anguish Over Israel

I speak the truth in Christ—I am not lying,(A) my conscience confirms(B) it through the Holy Spirit— I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. For I could wish that I myself(C) were cursed(D) and cut off from Christ for the sake of my people,(E) those of my own race,(F) the people of Israel.(G) Theirs is the adoption to sonship;(H) theirs the divine glory,(I) the covenants,(J) the receiving of the law,(K) the temple worship(L) and the promises.(M) Theirs are the patriarchs,(N) and from them is traced the human ancestry of the Messiah,(O) who is God over all,(P) forever praised![a](Q) Amen.

God’s Sovereign Choice

It is not as though God’s word(R) had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.(S) Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, “It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned.”[b](T) In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children,(U) but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring.(V) For this was how the promise was stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”[c](W)

10 Not only that, but Rebekah’s children were conceived at the same time by our father Isaac.(X) 11 Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad(Y)—in order that God’s purpose(Z) in election might stand: 12 not by works but by him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”[d](AA) 13 Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”[e](AB)

14 What then shall we say?(AC) Is God unjust? Not at all!(AD) 15 For he says to Moses,

“I will have mercy on whom I have mercy,
    and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”[f](AE)

16 It does not, therefore, depend on human desire or effort, but on God’s mercy.(AF) 17 For Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”[g](AG) 18 Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden.(AH)

19 One of you will say to me:(AI) “Then why does God still blame us?(AJ) For who is able to resist his will?”(AK) 20 But who are you, a human being, to talk back to God?(AL) “Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it,(AM) ‘Why did you make me like this?’”[h](AN) 21 Does not the potter have the right to make out of the same lump of clay some pottery for special purposes and some for common use?(AO)

22 What if God, although choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patience(AP) the objects of his wrath—prepared for destruction?(AQ) 23 What if he did this to make the riches of his glory(AR) known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory(AS) 24 even us, whom he also called,(AT) not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?(AU) 25 As he says in Hosea:

“I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people;
    and I will call her ‘my loved one’ who is not my loved one,”[i](AV)

26 and,

“In the very place where it was said to them,
    ‘You are not my people,’
    there they will be called ‘children of the living God.’”[j](AW)

27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel:

“Though the number of the Israelites be like the sand by the sea,(AX)
    only the remnant will be saved.(AY)
28 For the Lord will carry out
    his sentence on earth with speed and finality.”[k](AZ)

29 It is just as Isaiah said previously:

“Unless the Lord Almighty(BA)
    had left us descendants,
we would have become like Sodom,
    we would have been like Gomorrah.”[l](BB)

Israel’s Unbelief

30 What then shall we say?(BC) That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith;(BD) 31 but the people of Israel, who pursued the law as the way of righteousness,(BE) have not attained their goal.(BF) 32 Why not? Because they pursued it not by faith but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone.(BG) 33 As it is written:

“See, I lay in Zion a stone that causes people to stumble
    and a rock that makes them fall,
    and the one who believes in him will never be put to shame.”[m](BH)

Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:5 Or Messiah, who is over all. God be forever praised! Or Messiah. God who is over all be forever praised!
  2. Romans 9:7 Gen. 21:12
  3. Romans 9:9 Gen. 18:10,14
  4. Romans 9:12 Gen. 25:23
  5. Romans 9:13 Mal. 1:2,3
  6. Romans 9:15 Exodus 33:19
  7. Romans 9:17 Exodus 9:16
  8. Romans 9:20 Isaiah 29:16; 45:9
  9. Romans 9:25 Hosea 2:23
  10. Romans 9:26 Hosea 1:10
  11. Romans 9:28 Isaiah 10:22,23 (see Septuagint)
  12. Romans 9:29 Isaiah 1:9
  13. Romans 9:33 Isaiah 8:14; 28:16