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Romani 1
La Bibbia della Gioia

1 Cari fratelli di Roma, chi vi scrive è Paolo, servo di Gesù Cristo, scelto come missionario e mandato a predicare il Vangelo di Dio. 2 Questo messaggio di salvezza fu promesso già molto tempo fa dai profeti di Dio nellʼAntico Testamento. 3 È la buona notizia che parla di suo Figlio, Gesù Cristo, nostro Signore, che si fece uomo, nacque dalla stirpe del re Davide 4 e, per quanto riguarda la santità della sua natura, dimostrò in modo potente di essere Figlio di Dio, resuscitando dai morti.

5 Ed ora, da Gesù Cristo, nostro Signore, abbiamo ricevuto la grazia di Dio e lʼincarico di riportare tutti i popoli della terra sulla strada della ubbidienza a Dio e della fede in lui.

6-7 Tra questi, ci siete anche voi che state a Roma: anche voi siete fra quelli che Dio ama; anche voi siete stati chiamati da Gesù Cristo per appartenergli, per essere santi. Possiate avere la pace e la grazia da Dio, nostro Padre, e dal nostro Signore, Gesù Cristo.

La fede dà la vita

8 Prima di tutto, voglio dirvi che ovunque io vada, sento parlare di voi! Perché la vostra fede in Dio è conosciuta in tutto il mondo. Ringrazio Dio, per mezzo di Gesù Cristo, di quello che ha fatto per tutti voi. 9 Dio sa quanto prego per voi. Giorno e notte vi ricordo nelle mie preghiere a colui che servo con tutte le mie forze, annunciando agli altri il Vangelo di suo Figlio.

10 Una delle cose per cui continuo a pregare è che, finalmente, per volontà di Dio, possa trovare in qualche modo lʼoccasione di venire da voi, 11-12 perché desidero con tutto il cuore vedervi, per rendervi partecipi di qualche dono spirituale che vi aiuti a crescere forti nel Signore o, ancor meglio, perché, quando sarò con voi, ci si possa incoraggiare a vicenda per mezzo della fede che abbiamo in comune.

13 Voglio che sappiate, cari fratelli, che molte volte mi ero proposto di venire da voi, per raccogliere anche fra voi qualche buon risultato, proprio come ho fatto tra gli altri popoli, ma finora non mi è stato possibile. 14 Mi sento in debito verso di voi e verso tutti gli altri: sia popoli civili, che barbari; sia verso i colti, che verso gli ignoranti. 15 Quindi, per quanto mi riguarda, farò tutto ciò che mi è possibile, per venire anche da voi, a Roma, a predicare il Vangelo di Dio.

16 Io non mi vergogno del Vangelo, anzi, è proprio questo il mezzo potente, di cui Dio si serve per salvare chiunque crede. Da principio questo messaggio fu predicato soltanto agli Ebrei, ma ora tutti, anche i pagani, sono invitati a venire a Dio nello stesso modo. 17 Questo messaggio meraviglioso ci rivela che Dio ci riabilita ai suoi occhi, quando, per la nostra salvezza, riponiamo la nostra fede in Gesù Cristo. Ci dice inoltre che la giustizia di Dio è rivelata da fede a fede. Come dice lʼAntico Testamento: «Lʼuomo giusto agli occhi di Dio vivrà per mezzo della fede».

La disobbedienza porta alla morte

18 Ma Dio manifesta la sua ira dal cielo contro tutti gli uomini peccatori e malvagi, che soffocano nellʼingiustizia la verità. 19 Essi conoscono per istinto la verità che riguarda Dio, perché è stato Dio stesso a mettere questa conoscenza nel loro cuore. 20 Infatti, fin dai tempi dei tempi, gli uomini hanno visto la terra, il cielo e tutto ciò che Dio ha creato, scoprendo così lʼesistenza di Dio e la sua infinita, eterna potenza. Perciò non avranno scuse (quando si presenteranno davanti a Dio il giorno del giudizio).

21 Perché, pur conoscendo Dio, non lʼhanno accettato, non lʼhanno adorato, e tanto meno lʼhanno ringraziato per tutto ciò che egli fa per loro di giorno in giorno. Si sono abbandonati, invece, a sciocchi ragionamenti e si sono confusi sempre di più. 22 Pensando di essere intelligenti, hanno dimostrato invece di essere dei pazzi. 23 Allora, invece di adorare il Dio glorioso ed eterno, si sono fatti degli idoli di legno o di pietra, dalla forma di uccelli, animali, serpenti, o di semplici mortali.

24 Perciò, Dio li ha abbandonati ai loro desideri perversi. Che facessero pure quelle cose vili e peccaminose che desideravano fare, contaminando così i loro corpi! 25 Loro, che anziché credere alla verità di Dio, hanno preferito credere alla menzogna, adorando e servendo le cose create, invece del loro creatore, il Signore che è benedetto in eterno.

26 Ecco perché Dio li ha abbandonati a se stessi, presi da passioni infami: donne che, cambiando lʼusanza naturale, hanno avuto rapporti con altre donne. 27 E così gli uomini che, anziché avere normali rapporti sessuali con le donne, eccitati dalla libidine gli uni verso gli altri, hanno fatto cose vergognose fra loro; e per questo hanno ricevuto in pieno ciò che meritavano. 28 E, siccome non si sono dati pena di mantenere la vera conoscenza di Dio, il Signore li ha lasciati in balìa della loro mente corrotta. Che facciano pure tutte quelle cose immorali!

29 Eccoli: sono pieni dʼogni specie di peccato e di perversione, di cupidigia e di malignità. Da tutti i pori sprizzano invidia, omicidio, violenza, frode, malignità. 30 Sono traditori, maldicenti, nemici di Dio, arroganti, superbi, vanagloriosi, pensano sempre a nuovi modi di peccare, e sono ribelli ai genitori. 31 Sono insensati, sleali, incapaci di amare e di provare pietà. 32 E nonostante sappiano che Dio condanna a morte quelli che fanno queste cose, non soltanto le fanno, ma approvano anche quelli che le commettono.

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罗马书 1
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

问候

1 我是基督耶稣的奴仆保罗，蒙召做使徒，奉命传上帝的福音。 2 这福音是上帝从前借着众先知在圣经中应许的， 3 讲的是上帝的儿子——我们的主耶稣基督的事。从肉身来说，祂是大卫的后裔； 4 从圣洁的灵来看，祂从死里复活，用大能显明自己是上帝的儿子。 5 我们从祂领受了恩典并成为使徒，要带领万民信从祂，使祂的名得荣耀。 6 你们也是其中蒙召信从耶稣基督的人。 7 我问候所有住在罗马、上帝所爱、蒙召做圣徒的人。愿我们的父上帝和主耶稣基督赐给你们恩典和平安！

保罗渴望去罗马

8 首先，我借着耶稣基督为各位感谢我的上帝，因为你们的信心正在传遍天下。 9-10 我在祂儿子的福音事工上全心事奉的上帝可以为我做见证：我如何在祷告中常常想到你们，并求上帝让我照祂的旨意最终能去你们那里。 11 因为我实在想见你们，好将一些属灵的恩赐分给你们，使你们坚固， 12 也可以说是借着我们彼此的信心互相激励。

13 弟兄姊妹，我希望你们知道，我曾多次计划去你们那里，要在你们中间收获一些福音的果子，像在其他外族人中一样，只是至今仍有拦阻。 14 不论是希腊人、非希腊人[a]、智者、愚人，我对他们都有义务。 15 所以，我也切望能将福音传给你们在罗马的人。

16 我不以福音为耻，因为这福音是上帝的大能，要拯救一切相信的人，先是犹太人，然后是希腊人。 17 这福音显明了上帝的义，这义始于信，终于信，正如圣经上说：“义人必靠信心而活。”

人类的罪恶

18 上帝的烈怒从天上降下，要惩罚一切心中无神、行为不义、压制真理的人。 19 有关上帝的事情，可以让人类知道的都已经显而易见，因为上帝已经向人类显明了。 20 自从创造天地以来，上帝永恒的大能和神性是明明可知的，虽然肉眼看不见，但透过受造之物就可以领悟，因而人类毫无借口推说不知。 21 他们虽然明知有上帝，却不把祂当作上帝，既不将荣耀归给祂，也不感谢祂。他们的思想因此变得荒谬无用，无知的心也变得昏暗不明。 22 他们自以为聪明，其实愚不可及， 23 以必朽的人、飞禽、走兽和爬虫的形象来取代永恒上帝的荣耀。

24 因此，上帝任凭他们随从内心的情欲行污秽的事，玷污彼此的身体。 25 他们把上帝的真理当作谎言，祭拜、供奉受造之物，却不敬拜、事奉造物主。主是永远值得称颂的。阿们！

26 因此，上帝任凭他们放纵可耻的情欲。女人放弃正常的两性关系，做出变态反常的事。 27 男人也背弃了和女人正常的两性关系，欲火焚烧，同性之间彼此贪恋，男人和男人做出羞耻不堪的事。他们必在自己的身体上遭受应得的报应。

28 既然他们故意不认识上帝，上帝就任凭他们心思败坏，做不当做的事。 29 他们心里塞满了各种不义、邪恶、贪婪、阴险、嫉妒、凶杀、纷争、诡诈、恶毒；说长道短、 30 背后批评、怨恨上帝、欺侮别人、心骄气傲、自高自大、自我吹捧、无恶不作、违背父母、 31 愚钝无知、不守信用、无情无义、毫无怜悯。 32 他们明知，按上帝公义的法则，做这些事的人该死，不但执迷不悟，还喜欢别人跟他们同流合污。

Footnotes

  1. 1:14 “非希腊人”希腊文是“未开化的人”，指在希腊、罗马文化影响之外的人。
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Romani 1
Conferenza Episcopale Italiana

Indirizzo

1 Paolo, servo di Cristo Gesù, apostolo per vocazione, prescelto per annunziare il vangelo di Dio, 2 che egli aveva promesso per mezzo dei suoi profeti nelle sacre Scritture, 3 riguardo al Figlio suo, nato dalla stirpe di Davide secondo la carne, 4 costituito Figlio di Dio con potenza secondo lo Spirito di santificazione mediante la risurrezione dai morti, Gesù Cristo, nostro Signore. 5 Per mezzo di lui abbiamo ricevuto la grazia dell'apostolato per ottenere l'obbedienza alla fede da parte di tutte le genti, a gloria del suo nome; 6 e tra queste siete anche voi, chiamati da Gesù Cristo. 7 A quanti sono in Roma diletti da Dio e santi per vocazione, grazia a voi e pace da Dio, Padre nostro, e dal Signore Gesù Cristo.

Ringraziamento e preghiera

8 Anzitutto rendo grazie al mio Dio per mezzo di Gesù Cristo riguardo a tutti voi, perché la fama della vostra fede si espande in tutto il mondo. 9 Quel Dio, al quale rendo culto nel mio spirito annunziando il vangelo del Figlio suo, mi è testimone che io mi ricordo sempre di voi, 10 chiedendo sempre nelle mie preghiere che per volontà di Dio mi si apra una strada per venire fino a voi. 11 Ho infatti un vivo desiderio di vedervi per comunicarvi qualche dono spirituale perché ne siate fortificati, 12 o meglio, per rinfrancarmi con voi e tra voi mediante la fede che abbiamo in comune, voi e io. 13 Non voglio pertanto che ignoriate, fratelli, che più volte mi sono proposto di venire fino a voi - ma finora ne sono stato impedito - per raccogliere qualche frutto anche tra voi, come tra gli altri Gentili. 14 Poiché sono in debito verso i Greci come verso i barbari, verso i dotti come verso gli ignoranti: 15 sono quindi pronto, per quanto sta in me, a predicare il vangelo anche a voi di Roma.

LA SALVEZZA MEDIANTE LA FEDE

1. LA GIUSTIFICAZIONE

Enunciazione della tesi

16 Io infatti non mi vergogno del vangelo, poiché è potenza di Dio per la salvezza di chiunque crede, del Giudeo prima e poi del Greco. 17 E' in esso che si rivela la giustizia di Dio di fede in fede, come sta scritto: Il giusto vivrà mediante la fede.

A. I pagani e i giudei sotto l'ira di Dio

I pagani oggetto dell'ira di Dio

18 In realtà l'ira di Dio si rivela dal cielo contro ogni empietà e ogni ingiustizia di uomini che soffocano la verità nell'ingiustizia, 19 poiché ciò che di Dio si può conoscere è loro manifesto; Dio stesso lo ha loro manifestato. 20 Infatti, dalla creazione del mondo in poi, le sue perfezioni invisibili possono essere contemplate con l'intelletto nelle opere da lui compiute, come la sua eterna potenza e divinità; 21 essi sono dunque inescusabili, perché, pur conoscendo Dio, non gli hanno dato gloria né gli hanno reso grazie come a Dio, ma hanno vaneggiato nei loro ragionamenti e si è ottenebrata la loro mente ottusa. 22 Mentre si dichiaravano sapienti, sono diventati stolti 23 e hanno cambiato la gloria dell'incorruttibile Dio con l'immagine e la figura dell'uomo corruttibile, di uccelli, di quadrupedi e di rettili.

24 Perciò Dio li ha abbandonati all'impurità secondo i desideri del loro cuore, sì da disonorare fra di loro i propri corpi, 25 poiché essi hanno cambiato la verità di Dio con la menzogna e hanno venerato e adorato la creatura al posto del creatore, che è benedetto nei secoli. Amen.

26 Per questo Dio li ha abbandonati a passioni infami; le loro donne hanno cambiato i rapporti naturali in rapporti contro natura. 27 Egualmente anche gli uomini, lasciando il rapporto naturale con la donna, si sono accesi di passione gli uni per gli altri, commettendo atti ignominiosi uomini con uomini, ricevendo così in se stessi la punizione che s'addiceva al loro traviamento. 28 E poiché hanno disprezzato la conoscenza di Dio, Dio li ha abbandonati in balìa d'una intelligenza depravata, sicché commettono ciò che è indegno, 29 colmi come sono di ogni sorta di ingiustizia, di malvagità, di cupidigia, di malizia; pieni d'invidia, di omicidio, di rivalità, di frodi, di malignità; diffamatori, 30 maldicenti, nemici di Dio, oltraggiosi, superbi, fanfaroni, ingegnosi nel male, ribelli ai genitori, 31 insensati, sleali, senza cuore, senza misericordia. 32 E pur conoscendo il giudizio di Dio, che cioè gli autori di tali cose meritano la morte, non solo continuano a farle, ma anche approvano chi le fa.

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Romans 1
New English Translation

Salutation

1 From Paul,[a] a slave[b] of Christ Jesus,[c] called to be an apostle,[d] set apart for the gospel of God.[e] 2 This gospel[f] he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy scriptures, 3 concerning his Son who was a descendant[g] of David with reference to the flesh,[h] 4 who was appointed the Son-of-God-in-power[i] according to the Holy Spirit[j] by the resurrection[k] from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord. 5 Through him[l] we have received grace and our apostleship[m] to bring about the obedience[n] of faith[o] among all the Gentiles on behalf of his name. 6 You also are among them,[p] called to belong to Jesus Christ.[q] 7 To all those loved by God in Rome, called to be saints:[r] Grace and peace to you[s] from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ!

Paul’s Desire to Visit Rome

8 First of all,[t] I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because your faith is proclaimed throughout the whole world. 9 For God, whom I serve in my spirit in the gospel[u] of his Son, is my witness that[v] I continually remember you 10 and I always ask[w] in my prayers, if perhaps now at last I may succeed in visiting you according to the will of God.[x] 11 For I long to see you, so that I may impart to you some spiritual gift[y] to strengthen you, 12 that is, that we may be mutually comforted by one another’s faith,[z] both yours and mine. 13 I do not want you to be unaware,[aa] brothers and sisters,[ab] that I often intended to come to you (and was prevented until now), so that I may have some fruit even among you, just as I already have among the rest of the Gentiles.[ac] 14 I am a debtor[ad] both to the Greeks and to the barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 Thus I am eager[ae] also to preach the gospel to you who are in Rome.

The Power of the Gospel

16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is God’s power for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.[af] 17 For the righteousness[ag] of God is revealed in the gospel[ah] from faith to faith,[ai] just as it is written, “The righteous by faith will live.”[aj]

The Condemnation of the Unrighteous

18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people[ak] who suppress the truth by their[al] unrighteousness,[am] 19 because what can be known about God is plain to them,[an] because God has made it plain to them. 20 For since the creation of the world his invisible attributes—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, because they are understood through what has been made. So people[ao] are without excuse. 21 For although they knew God, they did not glorify him as God or give him thanks, but they became futile in their thoughts and their senseless hearts[ap] were darkened. 22 Although they claimed[aq] to be wise, they became fools 23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for an image resembling mortal human beings[ar] or birds or four-footed animals[as] or reptiles.

24 Therefore God gave them over[at] in the desires of their hearts to impurity,[au] to dishonor[av] their bodies among themselves.[aw] 25 They[ax] exchanged the truth of God for a lie[ay] and worshiped and served the creation[az] rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.

26 For this reason God gave them over to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged the natural sexual relations for unnatural ones,[ba] 27 and likewise the men also abandoned natural relations with women[bb] and were inflamed in their passions[bc] for one another. Men[bd] committed shameless acts with men and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.

28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God,[be] God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done.[bf] 29 They are filled[bg] with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice. They are rife with[bh] envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, contrivers of all sorts of evil, disobedient to parents, 31 senseless, covenant-breakers,[bi] heartless, ruthless. 32 Although they fully know[bj] God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die,[bk] they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them.[bl]

Footnotes

  1. Romans 1:1 tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
  2. Romans 1:1 tn Traditionally, “servant.” Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). One good translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος) in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force. Also, many slaves in the Roman world became slaves through Rome’s subjugation of conquered nations, kidnapping, or by being born into slave households. sn Undoubtedly the background for the concept of being the Lord’s “slave” or “servant” is to be found in the Old Testament scriptures. For someone who was Jewish this concept did not connote drudgery, but honor and privilege. It was used of national Israel at times (Isa 43:10), but was especially associated with famous OT personalities, including such great men as Moses (Josh 14:7), David (Ps 89:3; cf. 2 Sam 7:5, 8) and Elijah (2 Kgs 10:10); all these men were “servants (or slaves) of the Lord.”
  3. Romans 1:1 tc Many significant mss, as well as several others (P26 א A G Ψ 33 1739 1881 M), have a reversed order of these words and read “Jesus Christ” rather than “Christ Jesus” (P10 B 81 pc). The meaning is not affected in either case, but the reading “Christ Jesus” is preferred as slightly more difficult and thus more likely autographic (a scribe who found it would be prone to change it to the more common expression). At the same time, Paul is fond of the order “Christ Jesus,” especially in certain letters such as Romans, Galatians, and Philippians. As well, the later Pauline letters almost uniformly use this order in the salutations. A decision is difficult, but “Christ Jesus” is slightly preferred.
  4. Romans 1:1 tn Grk “a called apostle.”
  5. Romans 1:1 tn The genitive in the phrase εὐαγγέλιον θεοῦ (euangelion theou, “the gospel of God”) could be translated as (1) a subjective genitive (“the gospel which God brings”) or (2) an objective genitive (“the gospel about God”). Either is grammatically possible. This is possibly an instance of a plenary genitive (see ExSyn 119-21; M. Zerwick, Biblical Greek, §§36-39). If so, an interplay between the two concepts is intended: The gospel which God brings is in fact the gospel about himself. However, in view of God’s action in v. 2 concerning this gospel, a subjective genitive notion (“the gospel which God brings”) is slightly preferred.
  6. Romans 1:2 tn Grk “the gospel of God, which he promised.” Because of the length and complexity of this sentence in Greek, it was divided into shorter English sentences in keeping with contemporary English style. To indicate the referent of the relative pronoun (“which”), the word “gospel” was repeated at the beginning of v. 2.
  7. Romans 1:3 tn Grk “born of the seed” (an idiom).
  8. Romans 1:3 tn Grk “according to the flesh,” indicating Jesus’ earthly life, a reference to its weakness. This phrase implies that Jesus was more than human; otherwise it would have been sufficient to say that he was a descendant of David, cf. L. Morris, Romans, 44.
  9. Romans 1:4 sn Appointed the Son-of-God-in-power. Most translations render the Greek participle ὁρισθέντος (horisthentos, from ὁρίζω, horizō) “declared” or “designated” in order to avoid the possible interpretation that Jesus was appointed the Son of God by the resurrection. However, the Greek term ὁρίζω is used eight times in the NT, and it always has the meaning “to determine, appoint.” Paul is not saying that Jesus was appointed the “Son of God by the resurrection” but “Son-of-God-in-power by the resurrection,” as indicated by the hyphenation. He was born in weakness in human flesh (with respect to the flesh, v. 3) and he was raised with power. This is similar to Matt 28:18 where Jesus told his disciples after the resurrection, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.”
  10. Romans 1:4 tn Grk “spirit of holiness.” Some interpreters take the phrase to refer to Christ’s own inner spirit, which was characterized by holiness.
  11. Romans 1:4 tn Or “by his resurrection.” Most interpreters see this as a reference to Jesus’ own resurrection, although some take it to refer to the general resurrection at the end of the age, of which Jesus’ resurrection is the first installment (cf. 1 Cor 15:23).
  12. Romans 1:5 tn Grk “through whom.”
  13. Romans 1:5 tn Some interpreters understand the phrase “grace and apostleship” as a hendiadys, translating “grace [i.e., gift] of apostleship.” The pronoun “our” is supplied in the translation to clarify the sense of the statement.
  14. Romans 1:5 tn Grk “and apostleship for obedience.”
  15. Romans 1:5 tn The phrase ὑπακοὴν πίστεως has been variously understood as (1) an objective genitive (a reference to the Christian faith, “obedience to [the] faith”); (2) a subjective genitive (“the obedience faith produces [or requires]”); (3) an attributive genitive (“believing obedience”); or (4) as a genitive of apposition (“obedience, [namely] faith”) in which “faith” further defines “obedience.” These options are discussed by C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans (ICC), 1:66. Others take the phrase as deliberately ambiguous; see D. B. Garlington, “The Obedience of Faith in the Letter to the Romans: Part I: The Meaning of ὑπακοὴ πίστεως (Rom 1:5; 16:26),” WTJ 52 (1990): 201-24.
  16. Romans 1:6 tn Grk “among whom you also are called.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. The NIV, with its translation “And you also are among those who are called,” takes the phrase ἐν οἳς ἐστε to refer to the following clause rather than the preceding, so that the addressees of the letter (“you also”) are not connected with “all the Gentiles” mentioned at the end of v. 5. It is more likely, however, that the relative pronoun οἳς has τοῖς ἔθνεσιν as its antecedent, which would indicate that the church at Rome was predominantly Gentile.
  17. Romans 1:6 tn Grk “called of Jesus Christ.”
  18. Romans 1:7 tn Although the first part of v. 7 is not a complete English sentence, it maintains the “From…to” pattern used in all the Pauline letters to indicate the sender and the recipients. Here, however, there are several intervening verses (vv. 2-6), which makes the first half of v. 7 appear as an isolated sentence fragment.
  19. Romans 1:7 tn Grk “Grace to you and peace.”
  20. Romans 1:8 tn Grk “First.” Paul never mentions a second point, so J. B. Phillips translated “I must begin by telling you….”
  21. Romans 1:9 tn Grk “whom I serve in my spirit in the gospel.”
  22. Romans 1:9 tn Grk “as.”
  23. Romans 1:10 tn Grk “remember you, always asking.”
  24. Romans 1:10 tn Grk “succeed in coming to you in the will of God.”
  25. Romans 1:11 sn Paul does not mean here that he is going to bestow upon the Roman believers what is commonly known as a “spiritual gift,” that is, a special enabling for service given to believers by the Holy Spirit. Instead, this is either a metonymy of cause for effect (Paul will use his own spiritual gifts to edify the Romans), or it simply means something akin to a blessing or benefit in the spiritual realm. It is possible that Paul uses this phrase to connote specifically the broader purpose of his letter, which is for the Romans to understand his gospel, but this seems less likely.
  26. Romans 1:12 tn Grk “that is, to be comforted together with you through the faith in one another.”
  27. Romans 1:13 sn The expression “I do not want you to be unaware [Grk ignorant]” also occurs in 1 Cor 10:1; 12:1; 1 Thess 4:13. Paul uses the phrase to signal that he is about to say something very important.
  28. Romans 1:13 tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelphoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited).
  29. Romans 1:13 tn Grk “in order that I might have some fruit also among you just as also among the rest of the Gentiles.”
  30. Romans 1:14 tn Or “obligated.”
  31. Romans 1:15 tn Or “willing, ready”; Grk “so my eagerness [is] to preach…” The word πρόθυμος (prothumos, “eager, willing”) is used only elsewhere in the NT in Matt 26:41 = Mark 14:38: “the spirit indeed is willing (πρόθυμος), but the flesh is weak.”
  32. Romans 1:16 sn Here the Greek refers to anyone who is not Jewish.
  33. Romans 1:17 tn The nature of the “righteousness” described here and the force of the genitive θεοῦ (“of God”) which follows have been much debated. (1) Some (e.g. C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans [ICC], 1:98) understand “righteousness” to refer to the righteous status given to believers as a result of God’s justifying activity, and see the genitive “of God” as a genitive of source (= “from God”). (2) Others see the “righteousness” as God’s act or declaration that makes righteous (i.e., justifies) those who turn to him in faith, taking the genitive “of God” as a subjective genitive (see E. Käsemann, Romans, 25-30). (3) Still others see the “righteousness of God” mentioned here as the attribute of God himself, understanding the genitive “of God” as a possessive genitive (“God’s righteousness”).
  34. Romans 1:17 tn Grk “in it”; the referent (the gospel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  35. Romans 1:17 tn Or “by faith for faith,” or “by faith to faith.” There are many interpretations of the phrase ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν (ek pisteōs eis pistin). It may have the idea that this righteousness is obtained by faith (ἐκ πίστεως) because it was designed for faith (εἰς πίστιν). For a summary see J. Murray, Romans (NICNT), 1:363-74.
  36. Romans 1:17 sn A quotation from Hab 2:4.
  37. Romans 1:18 tn The genitive ἀνθρώπων could be taken as an attributed genitive, in which case the phrase should be translated “against all ungodly and unrighteous people” (cf. “the truth of God” in v. 25 which is also probably an attributed genitive). C. E. B. Cranfield takes the section 1:18-32 to refer to all people (not just Gentiles), while 2:1-3:20 points out that the Jew is no exception (Romans [ICC], 1:104-6; 1:137-38).
  38. Romans 1:18 tn “Their” is implied in the Greek, but is supplied because of English style.
  39. Romans 1:18 tn Or “by means of unrighteousness.” Grk “in (by) unrighteousness.”
  40. Romans 1:19 tn Grk “is manifest to/in them.”
  41. Romans 1:20 tn Grk “they”; the referent (people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  42. Romans 1:21 tn Grk “heart.”
  43. Romans 1:22 tn The participle φάσκοντες (phaskontes) is used concessively here.
  44. Romans 1:23 tn Grk “exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God in likeness of an image of corruptible man.” Here there is a wordplay on the Greek terms ἄφθαρτος (aphthartos, “immortal, imperishable, incorruptible”) and φθαρτός (phthartos, “mortal, corruptible, subject to decay”).
  45. Romans 1:23 sn Possibly an allusion to Ps 106:19-20.
  46. Romans 1:24 sn Possibly an allusion to Ps 81:12.
  47. Romans 1:24 tn Or “God delivered them up to the desires of their hearts for impurity.” It is possible that a technical, legal idiom is used here; if so, it would describe God delivering sinners up to a custodian for punishment (see R. Jewett, Romans [Hermeneia], 166-67). In this instance, then, sinners would be given over to their own desires for the express purpose of working more impurity.
  48. Romans 1:24 tn The genitive articular infinitive τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι (tou atimazesthai, “to dishonor”) has been taken as (1) an infinitive of purpose; (2) an infinitive of result; or (3) an epexegetical (i.e., explanatory) infinitive, expanding the previous clause.
  49. Romans 1:24 tn Grk “among them.”
  50. Romans 1:25 tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  51. Romans 1:25 tn Grk “the lie.”
  52. Romans 1:25 tn Or “creature, created things.”
  53. Romans 1:26 tn Grk “for their females exchanged the natural function for that which is contrary to nature.” The term χρῆσις (chrēsis) has the force of “sexual relations” here (L&N 23.65).
  54. Romans 1:27 tn Grk “likewise so also the males abandoning the natural function of the female.”
  55. Romans 1:27 tn Grk “burned with intense desire” (L&N 25.16).
  56. Romans 1:27 tn Grk “another, men committing…and receiving,” continuing the description of their deeds. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  57. Romans 1:28 tn Grk “and just as they did not approve to have God in knowledge.”
  58. Romans 1:28 tn Grk “the things that are improper.”
  59. Romans 1:29 tn Grk “being filled” or “having been filled,” referring to those described in v. 28. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  60. Romans 1:29 tn Grk “malice, full of,” continuing the description. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  61. Romans 1:31 tn Or “promise-breakers.”
  62. Romans 1:32 tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  63. Romans 1:32 tn Grk “are worthy of death.”
  64. Romans 1:32 sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.
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Romans 1
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1 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle(A) and set apart(B) for the gospel of God(C)— 2 the gospel he promised beforehand(D) through his prophets(E) in the Holy Scriptures(F) 3 regarding his Son, who as to his earthly life[a](G) was a descendant of David,(H) 4 and who through the Spirit of holiness was appointed the Son of God in power[b](I) by his resurrection from the dead:(J) Jesus Christ our Lord.(K) 5 Through him we received grace(L) and apostleship to call all the Gentiles(M) to the obedience that comes from[c] faith(N) for his name’s sake. 6 And you also are among those Gentiles who are called to belong to Jesus Christ.(O)

7 To all in Rome who are loved by God(P) and called to be his holy people:(Q)

Grace and peace to you from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ.(R)

Paul’s Longing to Visit Rome

8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you,(S) because your faith is being reported all over the world.(T) 9 God, whom I serve(U) in my spirit in preaching the gospel of his Son, is my witness(V) how constantly I remember you 10 in my prayers at all times;(W) and I pray that now at last by God’s will(X) the way may be opened for me to come to you.(Y)

11 I long to see you(Z) so that I may impart to you some spiritual gift(AA) to make you strong— 12 that is, that you and I may be mutually encouraged by each other’s faith. 13 I do not want you to be unaware,(AB) brothers and sisters,[d](AC) that I planned many times to come to you (but have been prevented from doing so until now)(AD) in order that I might have a harvest among you, just as I have had among the other Gentiles.

14 I am obligated(AE) both to Greeks and non-Greeks, both to the wise and the foolish. 15 That is why I am so eager to preach the gospel also to you who are in Rome.(AF)

16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel,(AG) because it is the power of God(AH) that brings salvation to everyone who believes:(AI) first to the Jew,(AJ) then to the Gentile.(AK) 17 For in the gospel the righteousness of God is revealed(AL)—a righteousness that is by faith(AM) from first to last,[e] just as it is written: “The righteous will live by faith.”[f](AN)

God’s Wrath Against Sinful Humanity

18 The wrath of God(AO) is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of people, who suppress the truth by their wickedness, 19 since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them.(AP) 20 For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made,(AQ) so that people are without excuse.(AR)

21 For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened.(AS) 22 Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools(AT) 23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images(AU) made to look like a mortal human being and birds and animals and reptiles.

24 Therefore God gave them over(AV) in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another.(AW) 25 They exchanged the truth about God for a lie,(AX) and worshiped and served created things(AY) rather than the Creator—who is forever praised.(AZ) Amen.(BA)

26 Because of this, God gave them over(BB) to shameful lusts.(BC) Even their women exchanged natural sexual relations for unnatural ones.(BD) 27 In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed shameful acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.(BE)

28 Furthermore, just as they did not think it worthwhile to retain the knowledge of God, so God gave them over(BF) to a depraved mind, so that they do what ought not to be done. 29 They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit and malice. They are gossips,(BG) 30 slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant and boastful; they invent ways of doing evil; they disobey their parents;(BH) 31 they have no understanding, no fidelity, no love,(BI) no mercy. 32 Although they know God’s righteous decree that those who do such things deserve death,(BJ) they not only continue to do these very things but also approve(BK) of those who practice them.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 1:3 Or who according to the flesh
  2. Romans 1:4 Or was declared with power to be the Son of God
  3. Romans 1:5 Or that is
  4. Romans 1:13 The Greek word for brothers and sisters (adelphoi) refers here to believers, both men and women, as part of God’s family; also in 7:1, 4; 8:12, 29; 10:1; 11:25; 12:1; 15:14, 30; 16:14, 17.
  5. Romans 1:17 Or is from faith to faith
  6. Romans 1:17 Hab. 2:4
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