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希伯來書 7
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional)

大祭司麥基洗德

7 這位麥基洗德是撒冷王，也是至高上帝的祭司。當年亞伯拉罕殺敗眾王凱旋歸來的時候，麥基洗德迎上去為他祝福， 2 亞伯拉罕把戰利品的十分之一給了他。麥基洗德這名字的原意是「公義之王」，後來他又被稱為撒冷王，意思是「和平之王」。 3 他的父母、族譜、生辰、壽數都不得而知，他跟上帝的兒子相似，永遠擔任祭司的職分。

4 試想，連我們的祖先亞伯拉罕都將戰利品的十分之一給了他，可見他是何等的尊貴！ 5 按照猶太人的律法，那些承襲做祭司的利未後裔可以照例向自己的同胞，就是亞伯拉罕的後裔，收取十分之一。 6 但這位與猶太人沒有血緣關係的麥基洗德，不單接受了亞伯拉罕給他的十分之一，還為承受應許的亞伯拉罕祝福。 7 毫無疑問，那為人祝福的總比領受祝福的位分大。 8 收取十分之一的利未祭司都是會死的人，但那位收取十分之一的麥基洗德被證明仍然活著。 9 這樣說來，連接受十分之一奉獻的利未也透過亞伯拉罕向麥基洗德納了十分之一。 10 因為亞伯拉罕遇見麥基洗德時，利未雖然還沒有出生，卻已經在他祖先的身體裡面了。

大祭司耶穌

11 猶太人在利未祭司制度的基礎上承受了律法，如果通過這個祭司制度可以達到純全，又何必照麥基洗德的模式而不是亞倫的模式，另外興起一位祭司呢？ 12 既然這祭司制度更改了，律法也必須更改。 13 因為這裡所說的這位祭司屬於別的支派，那支派裡從來沒有在祭壇前供職的祭司。 14 顯然，我們的主基督屬於猶大支派，摩西從來沒有說這個支派會出祭司。

15-16 如果照麥基洗德的模式另外興起一位祭司，祂做祭司不是照律法要求的血統關係，而是照不能朽壞之生命的大能，事情就更加清楚了。 17 因為有一處經文為祂做見證說：「你照麥基洗德的模式永遠做祭司。」 18 以前的條例由於本身的弱點和無益被廢除了， 19 因為律法並沒有使人變得純全。但如今，我們可以藉著一個更美好的盼望來到上帝面前。

20 此外，耶穌做祭司並非沒有誓言作保，其他人做祭司沒有誓言作保。 21 上帝只對耶穌說過：

「主起了誓，絕不反悔，
你永遠做祭司。」

22 這誓言使耶穌成了更美之約的保證人。 23 以前做祭司的人數極多，但因為受死亡的限制，都不能長久擔任聖職。 24 然而，基督永遠活著，祂的祭司職位也永不更改。 25 所以祂能拯救那些靠著祂來到上帝面前的人，直到永遠，因為祂永遠活著，為他們祈求。

26 我們所需要的，正是這樣一位聖潔無瑕、良善純全、遠離罪惡、超越諸天的大祭司。 27 祂無需像其他大祭司每天先為自己的罪獻祭，然後為百姓的罪獻祭，因為祂只一次獻上自己的生命，便永遠完成了贖罪的工作。 28 根據律法所立的大祭司都有弱點，但律法之後憑誓言所立的大祭司——上帝的兒子永遠純全。

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Ebrei 7
Conferenza Episcopale Italiana

1. LA SUPERIORITA' DEL CRISTO SUI SACERDOTI LEVITICI

Melchisedek

7 Questo Melchìsedek infatti, re di Salem, sacerdote del Dio Altissimo, andò incontro ad Abramo mentre ritornava dalla sconfitta dei re e lo benedisse; 2 a lui Abramo diede la decima di ogni cosa; anzitutto il suo nome tradotto significa re di giustizia; è inoltre anche re di Salem, cioè re di pace. 3 Egli è senza padre, senza madre, senza genealogia, senza principio di giorni né fine di vita, fatto simile al Figlio di Dio e rimane sacerdote in eterno.

Melchisedek ha ricevuto la decima da Abramo

4 Considerate pertanto quanto sia grande costui, al quale Abramo, il patriarca, diede la decima del suo bottino. 5 In verità anche quelli dei figli di Levi, che assumono il sacerdozio, hanno il mandato di riscuotere, secondo la legge, la decima dal popolo, cioè dai loro fratelli, essi pure discendenti da Abramo. 6 Egli invece, che non era della loro stirpe, prese la decima da Abramo e benedisse colui che era depositario della promessa. 7 Ora, senza dubbio, è l'inferiore che è benedetto dal superiore. 8 Inoltre, qui riscuotono le decime uomini mortali; là invece le riscuote uno di cui si attesta che vive. 9 Anzi si può dire che lo stesso Levi, che pur riceve le decime, ha versato la sua decima in Abramo: 10 egli si trovava infatti ancora nei lombi del suo antenato quando gli venne incontro Melchìsedek.

Dal sacerdozio levitico al sacerdozio secondo l'ordine di Melchisedek

11 Or dunque, se la perfezione fosse stata possibile per mezzo del sacerdozio levitico - sotto di esso il popolo ha ricevuto la legge - che bisogno c'era che sorgesse un altro sacerdote alla maniera di Melchìsedek, e non invece alla maniera di Aronne? 12 Infatti, mutato il sacerdozio, avviene necessariamente anche un mutamento della legge. 13 Questo si dice di chi è appartenuto a un'altra tribù, della quale nessuno mai fu addetto all'altare. 14 E' noto infatti che il Signore nostro è germogliato da Giuda e di questa tribù Mosè non disse nulla riguardo al sacerdozio.

L'abrogazione della legge antica

15 Ciò risulta ancor più evidente dal momento che, a somiglianza di Melchìsedek, sorge un altro sacerdote, 16 che non è diventato tale per ragione di una prescrizione carnale, ma per la potenza di una vita indefettibile. 17 Gli è resa infatti questa testimonianza:

Tu sei sacerdote in eterno alla maniera di Melchìsedek.

18 Si ha così l'abrogazione di un ordinamento precedente a causa della sua debolezza e inutilità - 19 la legge infatti non ha portato nulla alla perfezione - e si ha invece l'introduzione di una speranza migliore, grazie alla quale ci avviciniamo a Dio.

Immutabilità del sacerdozio del Cristo

20 Inoltre ciò non avvenne senza giuramento. Quelli infatti diventavano sacerdoti senza giuramento; 21 costui al contrario con un giuramento di colui che gli ha detto:

Il Signore ha giurato e non si pentirà:
tu sei sacerdote per sempre.

22 Per questo, Gesù è diventato garante di un'alleanza migliore.

23 Inoltre, quelli sono diventati sacerdoti in gran numero, perché la morte impediva loro di durare a lungo; 24 egli invece, poiché resta per sempre, possiede un sacerdozio che non tramonta. 25 Perciò può salvare perfettamente quelli che per mezzo di lui si accostano a Dio, essendo egli sempre vivo per intercedere a loro favore.

Perfezione del sommo sacerdote celeste

26 Tale era infatti il sommo sacerdote che ci occorreva: santo, innocente, senza macchia, separato dai peccatori ed elevato sopra i cieli; 27 egli non ha bisogno ogni giorno, come gli altri sommi sacerdoti, di offrire sacrifici prima per i propri peccati e poi per quelli del popolo, poiché egli ha fatto questo una volta per tutte, offrendo se stesso. 28 La legge infatti costituisce sommi sacerdoti uomini soggetti all'umana debolezza, ma la parola del giuramento, posteriore alla legge, costituisce il Figlio che è stato reso perfetto in eterno.

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Hebrews 7
New International Version

Melchizedek the Priest

7 This Melchizedek was king of Salem(A) and priest of God Most High.(B) He met Abraham returning from the defeat of the kings and blessed him,(C) 2 and Abraham gave him a tenth of everything. First, the name Melchizedek means “king of righteousness”; then also, “king of Salem” means “king of peace.” 3 Without father or mother, without genealogy,(D) without beginning of days or end of life, resembling the Son of God,(E) he remains a priest forever.

4 Just think how great he was: Even the patriarch(F) Abraham gave him a tenth of the plunder!(G) 5 Now the law requires the descendants of Levi who become priests to collect a tenth from the people(H)—that is, from their fellow Israelites—even though they also are descended from Abraham. 6 This man, however, did not trace his descent from Levi, yet he collected a tenth from Abraham and blessed(I) him who had the promises.(J) 7 And without doubt the lesser is blessed by the greater. 8 In the one case, the tenth is collected by people who die; but in the other case, by him who is declared to be living.(K) 9 One might even say that Levi, who collects the tenth, paid the tenth through Abraham, 10 because when Melchizedek met Abraham, Levi was still in the body of his ancestor.

Jesus Like Melchizedek

11 If perfection could have been attained through the Levitical priesthood—and indeed the law given to the people(L) established that priesthood—why was there still need for another priest to come,(M) one in the order of Melchizedek,(N) not in the order of Aaron? 12 For when the priesthood is changed, the law must be changed also. 13 He of whom these things are said belonged to a different tribe,(O) and no one from that tribe has ever served at the altar.(P) 14 For it is clear that our Lord descended from Judah,(Q) and in regard to that tribe Moses said nothing about priests. 15 And what we have said is even more clear if another priest like Melchizedek appears, 16 one who has become a priest not on the basis of a regulation as to his ancestry but on the basis of the power of an indestructible life. 17 For it is declared:

“You are a priest forever,
    in the order of Melchizedek.”[a](R)

18 The former regulation is set aside because it was weak and useless(S) 19 (for the law made nothing perfect),(T) and a better hope(U) is introduced, by which we draw near to God.(V)

20 And it was not without an oath! Others became priests without any oath, 21 but he became a priest with an oath when God said to him:

“The Lord has sworn
    and will not change his mind:(W)
    ‘You are a priest forever.’”[b](X)

22 Because of this oath, Jesus has become the guarantor of a better covenant.(Y)

23 Now there have been many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office; 24 but because Jesus lives forever, he has a permanent priesthood.(Z) 25 Therefore he is able to save(AA) completely[c] those who come to God(AB) through him, because he always lives to intercede for them.(AC)

26 Such a high priest(AD) truly meets our need—one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners,(AE) exalted above the heavens.(AF) 27 Unlike the other high priests, he does not need to offer sacrifices(AG) day after day, first for his own sins,(AH) and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all(AI) when he offered himself.(AJ) 28 For the law appoints as high priests men in all their weakness;(AK) but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son,(AL) who has been made perfect(AM) forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:17 Psalm 110:4
  2. Hebrews 7:21 Psalm 110:4
  3. Hebrews 7:25 Or forever
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Hebrews 7
New American Bible (Revised Edition)

Chapter 7

Melchizedek, a Type of Christ. 1 [a]This “Melchizedek, king of Salem and priest of God Most High,”[b] “met Abraham as he returned from his defeat of the kings” and “blessed him.”(A) 2 [c]And Abraham apportioned to him “a tenth of everything.” His name first means righteous king, and he was also “king of Salem,” that is, king of peace. 3 Without father, mother, or ancestry, without beginning of days or end of life,[d] thus made to resemble the Son of God, he remains a priest forever.(B)

4 [e]See how great he is to whom the patriarch “Abraham [indeed] gave a tenth” of his spoils.(C) 5 The descendants of Levi who receive the office of priesthood have a commandment according to the law to exact tithes from the people, that is, from their brothers, although they also have come from the loins of Abraham.(D) 6 But he who was not of their ancestry received tithes from Abraham and blessed him who had received the promises. 7 Unquestionably, a lesser person is blessed by a greater.[f] 8 In the one case, mortal men receive tithes; in the other, a man of whom it is testified that he lives on. 9 One might even say that Levi[g] himself, who receives tithes, was tithed through Abraham, 10 for he was still in his father’s loins when Melchizedek met him.

11 [h]If, then, perfection came through the levitical priesthood, on the basis of which the people received the law, what need would there still have been for another priest to arise according to the order of Melchizedek, and not reckoned according to the order of Aaron?(E) 12 When there is a change of priesthood, there is necessarily a change of law as well. 13 Now he of whom these things are said[i] belonged to a different tribe, of which no member ever officiated at the altar. 14 It is clear that our Lord arose from Judah,[j] and in regard to that tribe Moses said nothing about priests.(F) 15 [k]It is even more obvious if another priest is raised up after the likeness of Melchizedek, 16 who has become so, not by a law expressed in a commandment concerning physical descent but by the power of a life that cannot be destroyed.[l] 17 For it is testified:

“You are a priest forever
    according to the order of Melchizedek.”(G)

18 On the one hand, a former commandment is annulled because of its weakness and uselessness,(H) 19 for the law brought nothing to perfection; on the other hand, a better hope[m] is introduced, through which we draw near to God. 20 [n]And to the degree that this happened not without the taking of an oath[o]—for others became priests without an oath, 21 but he with an oath, through the one who said to him:

“The Lord has sworn, and he will not repent:(I)
    ‘You are a priest forever’”—

22 (J)to that same degree has Jesus [also] become the guarantee of an [even] better covenant.[p] 23 Those priests were many because they were prevented by death from remaining in office, 24 but he, because he remains forever, has a priesthood that does not pass away.(K) 25 [q]Therefore, he is always able to save those who approach God through him, since he lives forever to make intercession for them.(L)

26 (M)It was fitting that we should have such a high priest:[r] holy, innocent, undefiled, separated from sinners, higher than the heavens.[s] 27 He has no need, as did the high priests, to offer sacrifice day after day,[t](N) first for his own sins and then for those of the people; he did that once for all when he offered himself. 28 For the law appoints men subject to weakness to be high priests, but the word of the oath, which was taken after the law, appoints a son, who has been made perfect forever.(O)

Footnotes

  1. 7:1–3 Recalling the meeting between Melchizedek and Abraham described in Gn 14:17–20, the author enhances the significance of this priest by providing the popular etymological meaning of his name and that of the city over which he ruled (Hb 7:2). Since Genesis gives no information on the parentage or the death of Melchizedek, he is seen here as a type of Christ, representing a priesthood that is unique and eternal (Hb 7:3).
  2. 7:1 The author here assumes that Melchizedek was a priest of the God of Israel (cf. Gn 14:22 and the note there).
  3. 7:2 In Gn 14, the Hebrew text does not state explicitly who gave tithes to whom. The author of Hebrews supplies Abraham as the subject, according to a contemporary interpretation of the passage. This supports the argument of the midrash and makes it possible to see in Melchizedek a type of Jesus. The messianic blessings of righteousness and peace are foreshadowed in the names “Melchizedek” and “Salem.”
  4. 7:3 Without father, mother, or ancestry, without beginning of days or end of life: this is perhaps a quotation from a hymn about Melchizedek. The rabbis maintained that anything not mentioned in the Torah does not exist. Consequently, since the Old Testament nowhere mentions Melchizedek’s ancestry, birth, or death, the conclusion can be drawn that he remains…forever.
  5. 7:4–10 The tithe that Abraham gave to Melchizedek (Hb 7:4), a practice later followed by the levitical priesthood (Hb 7:5), was a gift (Hb 7:6) acknowledging a certain superiority in Melchizedek, the foreign priest (Hb 7:7). This is further indicated by the fact that the institution of the levitical priesthood was sustained by hereditary succession in the tribe of Levi, whereas the absence of any mention of Melchizedek’s death in Genesis implies that his personal priesthood is permanent (Hb 7:8). The levitical priesthood itself, through Abraham, its ancestor, paid tithes to Melchizedek, thus acknowledging the superiority of his priesthood over its own (Hb 7:9–10).
  6. 7:7 A lesser person is blessed by a greater: though this sounds like a principle, there are some examples in the Old Testament that do not support it (cf. 2 Sm 14:22; Jb 31:20). The author may intend it as a statement of a liturgical rule.
  7. 7:9 Levi: for the author this name designates not only the son of Jacob mentioned in Genesis but the priestly tribe that was thought to be descended from him.
  8. 7:11–14 The levitical priesthood was not typified by the priesthood of Melchizedek, for Ps 110:4 speaks of a priesthood of a new order, the order of Melchizedek, to arise in messianic times (Hb 7:11). Since the levitical priesthood served the Mosaic law, a new priesthood (Hb 7:12) would not come into being without a change in the law itself. Thus Jesus was not associated with the Old Testament priesthood, for he was a descendant of the tribe of Judah, which had never exercised the priesthood (Hb 7:13–14).
  9. 7:13 He of whom these things are said: Jesus, the priest “according to the order of Melchizedek.” According to the author’s interpretation, Ps 110 spoke prophetically of Jesus.
  10. 7:14 Judah: the author accepts the early Christian tradition that Jesus was descended from the family of David (cf. Mt 1:1–2, 16, 20; Lk 1:27; 2:4; Rom 1:3). The Qumran community expected two Messiahs, one descended from Aaron and one from David; Hebrews shows no awareness of this view or at least does not accept it. Our author’s view is not attested in contemporaneous Judaism.
  11. 7:15–19 Jesus does not exercise a priesthood through family lineage but through his immortal existence (Hb 7:15–16), fulfilling Ps 110:4 (Hb 7:17; cf. Hb 7:3). Thus he abolishes forever both the levitical priesthood and the law it serves, because neither could effectively sanctify people (Hb 7:18) by leading them into direct communication with God (Hb 7:19).
  12. 7:16 A life that cannot be destroyed: the life to which Jesus has attained by virtue of his resurrection; it is his exaltation rather than his divine nature that makes him priest. The Old Testament speaks of the Aaronic priesthood as eternal (see Ex 40:15); our author does not explicitly consider this possible objection to his argument but implicitly refutes it in Hb 7:23–24.
  13. 7:19 A better hope: this hope depends upon the sacrifice of the Son of God; through it we “approach the throne of grace” (Hb 4:16); cf. Hb 6:19, 20.
  14. 7:20–25 As was the case with the promise to Abraham (Hb 6:13), though not with the levitical priesthood, the eternal priesthood of the order of Melchizedek was confirmed by God’s oath (Hb 7:20–21); cf. Ps 110:4. Thus Jesus becomes the guarantee of a permanent covenant (Hb 7:22) that does not require a succession of priests as did the levitical priesthood (Hb 7:23) because his high priesthood is eternal and unchangeable (Hb 7:24). Consequently, Jesus is able to save all who draw near to God through him since he is their ever-living intercessor (Hb 7:25).
  15. 7:20 An oath: God’s oath in Ps 110:4.
  16. 7:22 An [even] better covenant: better than the Mosaic covenant because it will be eternal, like the priesthood of Jesus upon which it is based. Hb 7:12 argued that a change of priesthood involves a change of law; since “law” and “covenant” are used correlatively, a new covenant is likewise instituted.
  17. 7:25 To make intercession: the intercession of the exalted Jesus, not the sequel to his completed sacrifice but its eternal presence in heaven; cf. Rom 8:34.
  18. 7:26 This verse with its list of attributes is reminiscent of Hb 7:3 and is perhaps a hymnic counterpart to it, contrasting the exalted Jesus with Melchizedek.
  19. 7:26–28 Jesus is precisely the high priest whom the human race requires, holy and sinless, installed far above humanity (Hb 7:26); one having no need to offer sacrifice daily for sins but making a single offering of himself (Hb 7:27) once for all. The law could only appoint high priests with human limitations, but the fulfillment of God’s oath regarding the priesthood of Melchizedek (Ps 110:4) makes the Son of God the perfect priest forever (Hb 7:28).
  20. 7:27 Such daily sacrifice is nowhere mentioned in the Mosaic law; only on the Day of Atonement is it prescribed that the high priest must offer sacrifice…for his own sins and then for those of the people (Lv 16:11–19). Once for all: this translates the Greek words ephapax/hapax that occur eleven times in Hebrews.
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