哥林多前书 15
Chinese Union Version Modern Punctuation (Simplified)
述说基督复活
15 弟兄们,我如今把先前所传给你们的福音告诉你们知道。这福音你们也领受了,又靠着站立得住, 2 并且你们若不是徒然相信,能以持守我所传给你们的,就必因这福音得救。 3 我当日所领受又传给你们的,第一就是:基督照圣经所说,为我们的罪死了, 4 而且埋葬了,又照圣经所说第三天复活了; 5 并且显给矶法看,然后显给十二使徒看; 6 后来一时显给五百多弟兄看,其中一大半到如今还在,却也有已经睡了的; 7 以后显给雅各看,再显给众使徒看; 8 末了也显给我看,我如同未到产期而生的人一般。 9 我原是使徒中最小的,不配称为使徒,因为我从前逼迫神的教会。 10 然而我今日成了何等人,是蒙神的恩才成的,并且他所赐我的恩不是徒然的;我比众使徒格外劳苦,这原不是我,乃是神的恩与我同在。 11 不拘是我,是众使徒,我们如此传,你们也如此信了。
基督复活做得救的凭据
12 既传基督是从死里复活了,怎么在你们中间有人说没有死人复活的事呢? 13 若没有死人复活的事,基督也就没有复活了。 14 若基督没有复活,我们所传的便是枉然,你们所信的也是枉然。 15 并且明显我们是为神妄作见证的,因我们见证神是叫基督复活了;若死人真不复活,神也就没有叫基督复活了。 16 因为死人若不复活,基督也就没有复活了。 17 基督若没有复活,你们的信便是徒然,你们仍在罪里。 18 就是在基督里睡了的人,也灭亡了。 19 我们若靠基督只在今生有指望,就算比众人更可怜!
在基督里都要复活
20 但基督已经从死里复活,成为睡了之人初熟的果子。 21 死既是因一人而来,死人复活也是因一人而来。 22 在亚当里众人都死了,照样,在基督里众人也都要复活。 23 但各人是按着自己的次序复活:初熟的果子是基督,以后在他来的时候,是那些属基督的。 24 再后末期到了,那时基督既将一切执政的、掌权的、有能的都毁灭了,就把国交于父神。 25 因为基督必要做王,等神把一切仇敌都放在他的脚下。 26 尽末了所毁灭的仇敌就是死, 27 因为经上说:“神叫万物都服在他的脚下。”既说万物都服了他,明显那叫万物服他的不在其内了。 28 万物既服了他,那时子也要自己服那叫万物服他的,叫神在万物之上、为万物之主。
29 不然,那些为死人受洗的将来怎样呢?若死人总不复活,因何为他们受洗呢? 30 我们又因何时刻冒险呢? 31 弟兄们,我在我主基督耶稣里指着你们所夸的口极力地说:我是天天冒死! 32 我若当日像寻常人在以弗所同野兽战斗,那于我有什么益处呢?若死人不复活,“我们就吃吃喝喝吧!因为明天要死了。” 33 你们不要自欺,滥交是败坏善行。 34 你们要醒悟为善,不要犯罪,因为有人不认识神。我说这话是要叫你们羞愧!
论复活之体如何
35 或有人问:“死人怎样复活,带着什么身体来呢?” 36 无知的人哪!你所种的,若不死就不能生。 37 并且你所种的不是那将来的形体,不过是子粒,即如麦子,或是别样的谷; 38 但神随自己的意思给它一个形体,并叫各等子粒各有自己的形体。 39 凡肉体各有不同:人是一样,兽又是一样,鸟又是一样,鱼又是一样。 40 有天上的形体,也有地上的形体;但天上形体的荣光是一样,地上形体的荣光又是一样。 41 日有日的荣光,月有月的荣光,星有星的荣光,这星和那星的荣光也有分别。 42 死人复活也是这样:所种的是必朽坏的,复活的是不朽坏的; 43 所种的是羞辱的,复活的是荣耀的;所种的是软弱的,复活的是强壮的; 44 所种的是血气的身体,复活的是灵性的身体。若有血气的身体,也必有灵性的身体。 45 经上也是这样记着说,首先的人亚当成了有灵[a]的活人,末后的亚当成了叫人活的灵。 46 但属灵的不在先,属血气的在先,以后才有属灵的。 47 头一个人是出于地,乃属土;第二个人是出于天。 48 那属土的怎样,凡属土的也就怎样;属天的怎样,凡属天的也就怎样。 49 我们既有属土的形状,将来也必有属天的形状。
血肉之体不能承受神的国
50 弟兄们,我告诉你们说,血肉之体不能承受神的国,必朽坏的不能承受不朽坏的。 51 我如今把一件奥秘的事告诉你们:我们不是都要睡觉,乃是都要改变, 52 就在一霎时,眨眼之间,号筒末次吹响的时候。因号筒要响,死人要复活成为不朽坏的,我们也要改变。 53 这必朽坏的总要变成[b]不朽坏的,这必死的总要变成不死的。 54 这必朽坏的既变成不朽坏的,这必死的既变成不死的,那时经上所记“死被得胜吞灭”的话就应验了。
罪是死的毒钩唯独靠基督得胜
55 “死啊,你得胜的权势在哪里?死啊,你的毒钩在哪里?” 56 死的毒钩就是罪,罪的权势就是律法。 57 感谢神,使我们借着我们的主耶稣基督得胜! 58 所以,我亲爱的弟兄们,你们务要坚固,不可摇动,常常竭力多做主工,因为知道,你们的劳苦在主里面不是徒然的。
Footnotes
- 哥林多前书 15:45 “灵”或作“血气”。
- 哥林多前书 15:53 “变成”原文作“穿”,下同。
哥林多前书 15
Chinese Standard Bible (Simplified)
复活是福音的核心
15 弟兄们,我要你们明白我先前所传给你们的福音;你们也领受了这福音,并且在这福音上站立得住。 2 如果你们不是毫无理由地相信,而是持守我所传给你们的话语,你们也就会藉着它得救。 3 因为我所传给你们的,其中最重要的,也是我所领受的,就是
基督照着经上所记的,为我们的罪孽死了,
4 而且被埋葬了,
又照着经上所记的,在第三天复活了,
5 并且向矶法显现,然后向十二使徒[a]显现,
6 后来一次性地向五百多个弟兄显现,
其中大多数人至今还在,虽然也有些已经睡了;
7 后来他向雅各显现,再向所有的使徒显现,
8 最后也显现给我——这个像是早产婴儿一样的人。
9 原来我是使徒中最小的,不配被称为使徒,因为我曾经逼迫神的教会。 10 但藉着神的恩典,我成了现在的我,并且神赐给我的恩典没有落空。不但如此,我比任何使徒更加劳苦做工;其实不是我,而是与我同在的神的恩典。 11 因此无论是我,或是他们,我们都如此传,你们也就如此信了。
复活是信仰的核心
12 既然宣讲基督已经从死人中复活了,你们中间怎么还有些人说没有死人复活的事呢? 13 如果没有死人复活的事,基督也就没有复活了。 14 如果基督没有复活,我们传道就是虚空,你们相信也是虚空。 15 这样,我们就被看做是神的假见证人,因为我们见证了有关神的事,说神使基督复活了,如果死人真不会复活,神就没有使基督复活; 16 就是说,如果死人不会复活,基督也就没有复活了。 17 如果基督没有复活,你们的信仰就是虚妄的,你们也仍然在自己的罪孽中; 18 因此在基督里那些睡了的人也就灭亡了。 19 如果我们在基督里的盼望只在于今生[b],我们就比所有的人更可怜。
复活带给我们保障
20 但如今,基督已经从死人中复活,成为睡了之人初熟的果子, 21 因为死亡既然是由一个人而来,死人的复活也是由一个人而来。 22 原来,就像在亚当里所有的人都死了,照样,在基督里所有的人也都将得以复活, 23 不过每个人要按着自己的次序:初熟的果子是基督;然后他来临的时候,是那些属于基督的人; 24 再后才是结局。那时候,基督要把国度交给父神;同时,基督要废除一切统治的、掌权的、有势力的, 25 因为基督必须做王,直到神[c]把所有的敌人都放在他的脚下。 26 最后被废除的仇敌就是死亡, 27 因为“神[d]使万有都服从在基督[e]的脚下。”[f]当经上[g]说“万有”都已经服从了他的时候,明显地,使万有服从基督[h]的那一位是不包括在内的。 28 当万有都服从他的时候,子自己也要服从那位使万有都服从他的,这样神就是万有中的万有。
复活的力量
29 如果不是这样,那些替死人受洗的,将怎么办呢?如果死人根本不会复活,人们为什么还替死人[i]受洗呢? 30 我们又为什么要时时刻刻面临危险呢? 31 弟兄们,藉着我在我们的主基督耶稣里所拥有的,就是我对你们的夸耀,我肯定地说:我天天都在死! 32 我在以弗所与野兽搏斗,如果按人的意思来说,对我有什么好处呢?如果死人不会复活,就“让我们吃吃喝喝吧,因为明天我们就要死了。”[j] 33 你们不要被迷惑了!“结交恶友,败坏善德。” 34 你们应当醒悟过来,不继续犯罪;实际上,有些人不认识神。我说这话,是为了使你们羞愧。
复活的身体
35 但是有人会说:“死人怎样复活呢?他们以什么样的身体出现呢?” 36 你这愚妄的人哪!你所种的如果不死,就得不到生命; 37 你所种的也不是那将要长成的形体;你所种的不过是一粒赤裸的种子,也许是麦子,或是其他什么。 38 但神照着自己的意愿,给那种子一个形体,并且使每一粒种子各有自己的形体。 39 并不是所有的身体都是同样的:人是一个样子,牲畜的身体是另一个样子,鸟的身体又是一个样子,鱼又是另一个样子。 40 还有天上的形体,也有地上的形体;但天上形体的光辉是一个样子,地上形体的光辉是另一个样子。 41 太阳的光辉是一个样子,月亮的光辉是另一个样子,星辰的光辉又是一个样子;这星与那星的光辉当然有区别。 42 死人的复活也是这样:
在衰朽[k]中被种下,在不朽中复活;
43 在卑贱中被种下,在荣耀中复活;
在软弱中被种下,在强壮中复活;
44 被种下的是属血气的身体,复活的是属灵的身体。
既然有属血气的身体,也就有属灵的身体。 45 经上也这样记着:“第一个人亚当成了有生命的人[l],[m]最后的亚当[n]成了赐生命的灵。” 46 不过在先的不是属灵的,而是属血气的;在后的才是属灵的。
47 第一个人是出于地,是属尘土的[o];
第二个人[p]是出于天。
48 属尘土的[q]那个人怎样,那些属尘土的也就怎样;
属天的那一位怎样,那些属天的也就怎样。
49 就像我们带有了属尘土的[r]那个人的形像,
我们也将带有属天的那一位的形像。
复活的得胜
50 弟兄们,我要说这一点:血肉之体不能继承神的国,衰朽[s]的也不能继承不朽的。 51 看哪,我告诉你们一个奥秘:
我们并不是都要睡了,而是都要被改变,
52 就在一刹那,眨眼之间,在那最后的号角声中。
的确,号角要吹响,死人要复活成为不朽坏的,我们也要被改变;
53 因为这会朽坏的,必须穿上不朽坏的;
这会死的,必须穿上不死的。
54 一旦这会朽坏的穿上那不朽坏的,
这会死的穿上那不死的,
经上所记的话就会应验了:
“死亡被胜利吞灭了!”[t]
55 “死亡啊!你的胜利[u]在哪里?
死亡啊!你的毒刺在哪里?[v]”[w]
56 死亡的毒刺就是罪,而罪的权势就是律法。
57 但感谢神,他藉着我们的主耶稣基督,
赐给我们胜利!
58 因此,我亲爱的弟兄们,你们要坚定,不可动摇,常常在主的工作中丰足有余,因为你们知道,你们的劳苦在主里不是虚空。
Footnotes
- 哥林多前书 15:5 使徒——辅助词语。
- 哥林多前书 15:19 如果我们在基督里的盼望只在于今生——或译作“如果我们今生所拥有的一切就是我们在基督里的盼望”。
- 哥林多前书 15:25 神——原文直译“他”。
- 哥林多前书 15:27 神——原文直译“他”。
- 哥林多前书 15:27 基督——原文直译“他”。
- 哥林多前书 15:27 《诗篇》8:6。
- 哥林多前书 15:27 经上——原文直译“它”。
- 哥林多前书 15:27 基督——原文直译“他”。
- 哥林多前书 15:29 死人——有古抄本作“他们”。
- 哥林多前书 15:32 《以赛亚书》22:13。
- 哥林多前书 15:42 衰朽——或译作“败坏”。
- 哥林多前书 15:45 有生命的人——原文直译“活的灵”。
- 哥林多前书 15:45 《创世记》2:7。
- 哥林多前书 15:45 最后的亚当——指“耶稣基督”。
- 哥林多前书 15:47 属尘土的——或译作“尘土造成的”。
- 哥林多前书 15:47 有古抄本附“是主,”。
- 哥林多前书 15:48 属尘土的——或译作“尘土造成的”。
- 哥林多前书 15:49 属尘土的——或译作“尘土造成的”。
- 哥林多前书 15:50 衰朽——或译作“败坏”。
- 哥林多前书 15:54 《以赛亚书》25:8。
- 哥林多前书 15:55 胜利——有古抄本作“毒刺”。
- 哥林多前书 15:55 死亡啊!你的毒刺在哪里?——有古抄本作“坟墓啊!你的胜利在哪里?”
- 哥林多前书 15:55 《何西阿书》13:14。
哥林多前书 15
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)
基督的复活
15 弟兄姊妹,我希望你们记住我传给你们的福音,就是你们曾经领受,向来坚持的福音。 2 你们若持守我传给你们的,必因这福音而得救——除非你们没有真正相信。
3 我所领受并传给你们的最重要的信息是:基督照圣经的记载为我们的罪死了, 4 然后被埋葬了;又照圣经的记载在第三天复活了, 5 并曾向彼得显现,又向十二使徒显现; 6 后来有一次向五百多位弟兄姊妹显现,其中有许多至今依然健在,也有些已经安息了; 7 随后,祂向雅各显现,又向众使徒显现; 8 到最后,竟也向我这好像未按产期出生[a]的人显现。
9 在众使徒中我最微不足道,根本不配称为使徒,因为我曾迫害上帝的教会。 10 但靠着上帝的恩典,我成了今天的我,祂赐给我的恩典没有枉费。我比其他人更加卖力,不过我不是靠自己,而是上帝的恩典与我同在。 11 不论是我传的还是其他使徒传的,我们怎样传,你们也怎样相信了。
死人复活
12 既然我们一直都在传扬基督已经从死里复活,怎么你们当中却有些人否定死人复活的事呢? 13 要是没有死人复活的事,基督也就没有复活。 14 如果基督没有复活,我们所传的就是虚空,你们所信的也是虚空。 15 而且,我们就是在为上帝做假见证,因为我们见证上帝已经使基督复活了。如果没有死人复活的事,上帝也就没有叫基督复活。 16 如果人死了不会复活,基督也就没有复活。 17 如果基督没有复活,你们的信仰就是虚空,你们依旧沉沦在罪中, 18 那些在基督里安息的人也灭亡了。 19 如果我们对基督的盼望只在今世,我们就是世上最可怜的人。
20 然而,基督已经从死里复活,祂是死人中第一个复活的[b]。 21 既然死亡的到来是借着一人,复活的到来也是借着一人。 22 因为正如在亚当里众人都死了,同样,在基督里众人也都要复活。 23 然而,各人要按照先后次序复活。基督最先复活,以后祂再来时,属祂的人也要复活。 24 最后末日来临,那时基督会废除一切执政的、掌权的、有能力的,将国度交给父上帝。 25 因为基督必执掌王权,直到上帝将所有的仇敌都放在祂脚下。 26 祂最后要毁灭的仇敌就是死亡。 27 因为圣经上说:“上帝使万物降服在祂脚下。”当然,这里说的“万物都降服祂”不包括使万物降服祂的上帝。 28 到了万物都归服基督以后,圣子基督也要归服那使万物归服祂的上帝,使上帝做万物的主宰。
29 否则,那些人代替死人受洗有什么意义呢?死人如果不会复活,为什么要代替他们受洗呢? 30 我们又何必时刻身临险境呢? 31 我天天与死亡搏斗。弟兄姊妹,我这样说,就跟我在主基督耶稣里以你们为荣一样,没有半点虚假。 32 从人的角度看,我在以弗所与那些“恶兽”格斗对我有什么益处呢?如果死人不会复活,“让我们吃喝吧!因为明天我们就死了。” 33 你们不要上当受骗,“交坏朋友会败坏好品德”。 34 你们该醒悟了!不要继续犯罪,因为你们当中有些人不认识上帝。我说这话是要叫你们羞愧。
复活后的身体
35 或许有人会问:“死人怎样复活呢?复活后会有怎样的身体呢?” 36 无知的人啊!你们种下的种子必须先死,然后才能生长。 37 而且,你们种下的并不是那将来要长成的形体,仅仅是种子,或麦种,或其他种子。 38 上帝按自己的旨意赐给种子形体,每个种子都有自己的形体。 39 血肉之体各不相同,人、鱼、鸟、兽都各有不同的形体。
40 此外,有天上的形体,也有地上的形体,两者的荣光各不相同。 41 日有日的荣光,月有月的荣光,星有星的荣光,这颗星和那颗星的荣光也有分别。
42 死人复活也是同样的道理。种下去的会朽坏,复活的不会朽坏; 43 种下去的是羞耻的,复活的是荣耀的;种下去的是软弱的,复活的是刚强的; 44 种下去的是血肉之躯,复活的是属灵的形体。既有血肉之躯,也必有属灵的形体。 45 圣经上也说:“第一个亚当成了有生命的人”,但末后的亚当是赐人生命的灵。 46 先有的不是属灵的形体,而是血肉之躯,以后才有属灵的形体。 47 第一个人亚当来自地上,是用尘土造的,但第二个人基督来自天上。 48 尘土所造的那位是什么样,属地的人也是什么样;从天而来的那位是什么样,属天的人也是什么样。 49 我们既然有属地的形象,将来也必有属天的形象。
50 弟兄姊妹,我告诉你们,血肉之躯不能承受上帝的国,必朽坏的身体也不能承受永不朽坏的产业。 51 听着,我要告诉你们一个奥秘:我们并不是都要死亡[c],乃是都要改变—— 52 就在一刹那,眨眼之间,最后的号角吹响的时候。因为号角一吹响,死人就要复活成为永不朽坏的,我们也要改变。 53 那时,这必朽的身体要变成不朽的,这必死的要变成不死的。 54 当这一切发生的时候,就应验了圣经上的话:
“死亡被胜利吞灭了。”
55 “死亡啊!你得胜的权势在哪里?
死亡啊!你的毒钩在哪里?”
56 死亡的毒钩就是罪,罪借着律法施展它的权势。 57 但感谢上帝,祂使我们靠着主耶稣基督得胜。
58 所以,我亲爱的弟兄姊妹,你们务要坚定不移,总要竭力做主的工作,因为你们知道自己在主里面的辛勤付出不会白费。
1 Corinthians 15
New Catholic Bible
The Resurrection[a]
The Resurrection of Christ
Chapter 15
The Risen Christ, Foundation of Our Faith.[b] 1 And now, brethren, I want to remind you of the gospel I proclaimed to you, which you received and in which you stand firm. 2 Through it you are also being saved, provided that you are holding fast to what I proclaimed to you. If not, then you have believed in vain.
3 [c]For I handed on to you as of primary importance what I received: that Christ died for our sins, in accordance with the Scriptures, 4 that he was buried and that he was raised to life on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures, 5 and that he appeared to Cephas, and later to the Twelve. 6 Then he appeared to more than five hundred of the brethren at one time, most of whom are still alive, although some have fallen asleep.[d] 7 After that he appeared to James,[e] and then to all the apostles.
8 Last of all, he appeared to me, as to one born abnormally. 9 For I am the least of the apostles. I am not worthy to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the Church of God. 10 However, by the grace of God I am what I am, and the grace he has bestowed upon me has not proved to be fruitless. Indeed, I have worked harder than any of them—although that should not be credited to me but to the grace of God within me. 11 But whether it was I or they, this is what we preach and what you have come to believe.
The Resurrection of the Dead
12 The Resurrection and Faith.[f] Now if Christ is proclaimed as raised from the dead, how can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead? 13 If there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised. 14 And if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is useless, and so is your faith. 15 We are even false witnesses to God, for we testified that he raised Christ when he did not raise him up, assuming it is true that the dead are not raised.
16 For if the dead are not raised, then Christ has not been raised. 17 And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is without any foundation, and you are still in your sins. 18 Then those who have fallen asleep in Christ are utterly lost. 19 If it is for just this life that we have hoped in Christ, we are the most pitiable of all men.
20 Christ, the Firstfruits.[g] But Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. 21 For since death came into the world through a man, the resurrection of the dead has also come through a man.
22 Just as in Adam all die, so all will be brought to life in Christ, 23 but each one in proper order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward, at his coming, those who belong to Christ. 24 Then comes the end, when he hands over the kingdom to God the Father, after he has destroyed every sovereignty and authority and power.[h] 25 For he is destined to reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet.
26 The last enemy to be destroyed is death. 27 For he has put all things under his feet. But when it says “all things are put under,” it is obvious that this excludes the one who subjected everything to him. 28 When all things are subjected to him, then the Son himself will also be subjected to the one who made all things subject to him, so that God may be all in all.
29 Practical Faith. Otherwise, what will people accomplish when they have themselves baptized for the dead?[i] If the dead are not raised at all, why should anyone be baptized for them? 30 And why should we be placing ourselves in danger every hour? 31 I face death every day—that is as sure as the pride that I have in you, brethren, through Jesus Christ our Lord.
32 With only human hopes, what would I have gained by fighting those wild beasts at Ephesus? If the dead are not raised,
“Let us eat and drink,
for tomorrow we die.”
33 Do not let anyone lead you astray. “Bad company corrupts good morals.” 34 Come to your senses and sin no more. For some of you have no knowledge of God. I say this to your shame.
The Mode of the Resurrection
35 The Resurrected Body. Someone may ask, “How are the dead raised? What sort of body will they have when they come back?” 36 This is foolish. What you sow must die before it is given new life, 37 and what you sow is not the body that is to be but a bare grain of wheat or of something else. 38 God gives to it a body that he has chosen, and to each kind of seed its own particular body.
39 Not all flesh is alike. There is one kind for human beings, another for animals, another for birds, and another for fish. 40 There are both heavenly bodies and earthly bodies. The splendor of heavenly bodies is of one kind, and that of earthly bodies is another. 41 The sun has a splendor of its own, the moon another splendor, and the stars still another. Indeed, the stars differ among themselves in splendor.
42 So it is with the resurrection of the dead. What is sown is perishable; what is raised is imperishable. 43 What is sown in dishonor is raised as glorious. What is sown in weakness is raised in power. 44 What is sown is a physical body; what is raised is a spiritual body.
The Natural and the Spiritual Body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body. 45 As it is written, the first man, Adam, became a living being; the last Adam has become a lifegiving spirit. 46 But the spiritual body did not come first. Rather the natural body came first, and then the spiritual.
47 The first man was formed from the dust of the earth; the second man is from heaven. 48 The man formed from dust is the pattern for earthly people; the heavenly man is the pattern for those who are of heaven. 49 Just as we have borne the image of the man formed from dust, so shall we also bear the likeness of the heavenly one.
50 Where, O Death, Is Your Victory?[j] What I am asserting, brethren, is that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor can the perishable inherit what is imperishable.
51 Listen while I tell you a mystery. We shall not all fall asleep, but we shall all be changed 52 in an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the sound of the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.[k] 53 For this perishable body must be clothed with the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality.
54 When this perishable body puts on imperishability, and this mortal body puts on immortality, then will the words that are written be fulfilled:
“Death has been swallowed up in victory.
55 Where, O death, is your victory?
Where, O death, is your sting?”
56 The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the Law. 57 But thanks be to God who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
58 Therefore, my beloved brethren, stand firm and immovable, devoting yourselves completely to the work of the Lord, knowing that in the Lord your labor is not in vain.
Footnotes
- 1 Corinthians 15:1 According to Greek thought, the soul is imprisoned in the body; it alone is destined for immortality, and death comes to set it free. As heirs of this mentality, the Corinthians are unable to understand why there should be a resurrection of the body. Does Christianity perhaps desire that the soul again become a prisoner? Paul corrects this notion, which is not in accord with the Christian faith.
The biblical tradition holds that the human being is one, created by God in body and soul. Death does not constitute the deliverance of the soul, but the unraveling of this unity. It is a violent state produced by sin. In atoning for sin, Christ has conquered death. It is the whole person that is saved and the whole person that is involved in the resurrection. But Paul takes account of the objection that the Greeks can bring up: the resurrection is not a simple return to the earthly condition; the risen body does not limit the aspirations of the spirit. It will be “spiritual,” a new creation in the risen Christ. - 1 Corinthians 15:1 Paul takes as his starting point a fact: the resurrection of Christ. This is the primordial certainty of the Christian faith. He recalls this teaching of the Church and confirms it by listing the witnesses who had seen the risen Christ. In this passage, we find the main elements of the Christian creed and, at the same time, the earliest written witness to the handing on of the original teaching of the Church and to the appearances of Jesus Christ.
- 1 Corinthians 15:3 Paul offers two lines of testimony for Christ’s Passion and Resurrection: (1) the testimony of the Old Testament (e.g., Ps 16:8-11; Isa 53:5f, 11) and (2) the testimony of eyewitnesses (Acts 1:21f). He lists only six appearances of the risen Christ; the Gospels and Acts offer ten (see note on Mt 28:10).
- 1 Corinthians 15:6 Have fallen asleep: an image of death. The same expression is used in vv. 18, 20, and 51, and is the usual one in the New Testament. In it, Christians indirectly expressed their faith in the resurrection (in Greek the same verb means both “to awaken” and “to bring back to life”). From this phrase, we also derive our word “cemetery,” i.e., literally, a place of sleepers.
- 1 Corinthians 15:7 Appeared to James: Paul inserts the risen Lord’s appearance to James as a kind of transition to his own experience of seeing Christ. Like Paul, James, “the brother of the Lord” (Gal 1:19), had not been a disciple of Jesus (see Acts 1:12f). An account of such an appearance to James is found in the Gospel of the Hebrews, an apocryphal Jewish-Christian gospel.
- 1 Corinthians 15:12 The Resurrection of Jesus, to which the apostles are witnesses, is the basic proof that there is a resurrection of the dead; the Old Testament initially voiced a hope of this (Ps 16:10; Job 19:25; Ezek 37:10) and later taught it explicitly (2 Mac 7:9). The Resurrection of Jesus is thus the very foundation of our faith; Christ is the firstborn of the dead, who will rise in their turn.
- 1 Corinthians 15:20 Paul contrasts two states of the human race: on the one side, the fallen state of sin, symbolized by Adam; on the other, the state of life and salvation brought about by Christ (see Rom 5:17-21).
- 1 Corinthians 15:24 Sovereignty and authority and power: these words signify all the forces, angelic and human, that are opposed to the Kingdom of God (see 1 Cor 2:6; Col 2:15).
- 1 Corinthians 15:29 Baptized for the dead (v. 29) refers to a rite, unknown to us, a type of baptism by proxy. Paul uses the image of wild beasts (v. 32) to express the hostility he encountered at Ephesus. In v. 33 he is citing Menander, a Greek comic poet, although by this time the saying may already have become a popular proverb.
- 1 Corinthians 15:50 Using images traditional in the Bible, Paul describes in a few lines the great day of universal salvation, when humanity reaches its destiny.
- 1 Corinthians 15:52 The trumpet was part of apocalyptic choreography (see Mt 24:31; 1 Thes 4:16); it symbolized the solemn proclamation of the divine plan (see the seven trumpets of the Book of Revelation: 8:6-12; 9:1-21; 11:15-19).
Copyright © 2011 by Global Bible Initiative
Copyright © 2011 by Global Bible Initiative
Chinese Contemporary Bible Copyright © 1979, 2005, 2007, 2011 by Biblica® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
