28 以撒把雅各叫來,給他祝福,又囑咐他說:「你不要娶迦南的女子為妻。 馬上去巴旦·亞蘭,到你外祖父彼土利家,在你舅父拉班的女兒中選一個做妻子。 願全能的上帝賜福給你,使你的子孫眾多,成為許多民族。 願上帝把賜給亞伯拉罕的福氣賜給你和你的後代,讓你承受你寄居之地為產業,就是上帝賜給亞伯拉罕的地方。」 以撒讓雅各前往巴旦·亞蘭,去亞蘭人彼土利的兒子拉班那裡。拉班是雅各和以掃的舅父。

以掃看見父親給雅各祝福,讓他到巴旦·亞蘭娶妻,叮囑他不要娶迦南的女子, 又看見雅各聽從父母到巴旦·亞蘭去了, 就知道父親以撒不喜歡迦南的女子。 他便到亞伯拉罕的兒子以實瑪利那裡,娶了以實瑪利的女兒、尼拜約的妹妹瑪哈拉為妻。他娶瑪哈拉以前已經有兩個妻子了。

雅各的夢

10 雅各離開別示巴,前往哈蘭。 11 到了一個地方,太陽已經下山,他便在那裡過夜。他枕著一塊石頭睡覺, 12 夢中看見有個梯子立在地上,直通到天上,梯子上有上帝的天使上上下下。 13 耶和華站在梯子上[a]對雅各說:「我是耶和華,是你祖父亞伯拉罕的上帝,也是以撒的上帝。我要把你現在躺臥的地方賜給你和你的後代。 14 你的後代必多如地上的塵沙,遍佈四方,地上萬族必因你和你的後代而蒙福。 15 我與你同在,無論你去哪裡,我都會保護你,領你返回這片土地。我必實現對你的應許,決不離棄你。」

16 雅各一覺醒來,說:「耶和華居然在這裡,我卻不知道。」 17 他就害怕起來,說:「這地方何等可畏!這裡是上帝的家,是通天的大門。」

18 雅各清早起來,把枕的那塊石頭立成柱子作記號,在上面澆上油。 19 他稱那地方為伯特利[b],那地方以前叫路斯。 20 雅各許願說:「如果上帝與我同在,在路上保護我,供給我衣食, 21 帶領我平安地回到父親的家,我就一定敬奉耶和華為我的上帝。 22 我立為柱子的這塊石頭必成為上帝的殿。凡你賜給我的,我必把十分之一獻給你。」

Footnotes

  1. 28·13 在梯子上」或譯「在他旁邊」。
  2. 28·19 伯特利」意思是「上帝的家」。

Chapter 28

Isaac called to Jacob and blessed him and gave him this command: “You must not take a wife from among the daughters of Canaan. Up, go to Paddan-aram, to the house of Bethuel, the father of your mother, and take a wife from there, from among the daughters of Laban, the brother of your mother. May God Almighty bless you; may he make you fruitful and multiply you, so that you become a multitude of people. May he give you the blessing of Abraham, to you and your descendants, so that you may possess the land in which you have dwelt as an alien, the land that God gave to Abraham.” Thus, Isaac sent Jacob away. He went to Paddan-aram, to Laban, the son of Bethuel the Aramean, and the brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.

Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and had sent him to Paddan-aram to find a wife, and that when he had blessed him, he had commanded him, “You must not take a wife from among the Canaanites.” Jacob obeyed his father and mother and left for Paddan-aram. Esau then understood that Isaac disapproved of the daughters of Canaan. He therefore went to Ishmael and, besides the wives he already had, he took as wife Mahalath, the daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael and the sister of Nebaioth.

10 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel.[a] Jacob left from Beer-sheba and traveled toward Haran. 11 He came upon a certain place and spent the night there for the sun was setting. He took a stone and used it as a pillow and slept in that place. 12 He had a dream. There was a ladder resting on the earth with its top reaching to heaven. The angels of God were ascending and descending upon it.

13 And the Lord stood before him and said, “I am the Lord, the God of Abraham your father and the God of Isaac. The land on which you are lying shall be given to you and your descendants. 14 Your descendants shall be like the dust of the earth and shall extend to the west and the east, the north and the south. All the nations of the earth shall be blessed through you and through your descendants. 15 I am with you and I will protect you wherever you go. I will make you return to this country, for I will not abandon you without having done all that I have promised you.”

16 Jacob woke from sleep and said, “Truly, the Lord is in this place, and I did not know it.” 17 He was filled with fear and said, “How terrible this place is! This is truly the house of God, this is the gate to heaven.”

18 In the morning Jacob arose early, took the rock that he had used as a pillow, and erected it as a pillar pouring oil on top of it. 19 He named the place Bethel,[b] although the city had previously been called Luz.

20 Jacob made a vow, “If God remains with me and protects me in this journey that I am making and gives me bread to eat and clothes to cover me, 21 and if I return in peace to my father’s house, the Lord will be my God. 22 This stone that I am erecting as a pillar shall be a shrine to God. I will offer you one-tenth of everything that you give me.”

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 28:10 God does not delay in giving the refugee signs of his goodwill toward him, and the Mesopotamian period of Jacob’s life is set between two important theophanies (the second is in 32:25-31). Upon him is to be built the ladder that he saw in a vision and that unites earth with heaven. The Mesopotamian temple towers were monuments of this kind; by means of them human beings expressed their dream of making the divinity come down to them. Jacob honors the place of the unexpected vision; it will become a sanctuary visited by people until it begins to rival the official sanctuary in Jerusalem (1 Ki 12:26-32; etc.). Jesus Christ, a descendant of Jacob, will tell his first apostles that the heavens will open and that the ladder of the vision is becoming a reality in his person (Jn 1:51). Our liturgy makes the patriarch’s exclamation (Gen 28:17) its own when it celebrates the dedication of a church, which is the sign of the Christian community that prolongs the presence of the Savior on earth.
  2. Genesis 28:19 Bethel: i.e., “House of God.”

28 So Isaac called for Jacob and blessed him. Then he commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman![a] Leave immediately[b] for Paddan Aram! Go to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and find yourself a wife there, among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother. May the Sovereign God[c] bless you! May he make you fruitful and give you a multitude of descendants![d] Then you will become[e] a large nation.[f] May he give you and your descendants the blessing he gave to Abraham[g] so that you may possess the land[h] God gave to Abraham, the land where you have been living as a temporary resident.”[i] So Isaac sent Jacob on his way, and he went to Paddan Aram, to Laban son of Bethuel the Aramean and brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.

Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him off to Paddan Aram to find a wife there.[j] As he blessed him,[k] Isaac commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman.”[l] Jacob obeyed his father and mother and left for Paddan Aram. Then Esau realized[m] that the Canaanite women[n] were displeasing to[o] his father Isaac. So Esau went to Ishmael and married[p] Mahalath, the sister of Nebaioth and daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael, along with the wives he already had.

Jacob’s Dream at Bethel

10 Meanwhile Jacob left Beer Sheba and set out for Haran. 11 He reached a certain place[q] where he decided to camp because the sun had gone down.[r] He took one of the stones[s] and placed it near his head.[t] Then he fell asleep[u] in that place 12 and had a dream.[v] He saw[w] a stairway[x] erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens. The angels of God were going up and coming down it 13 and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac.[y] I will give you and your descendants the ground[z] you are lying on. 14 Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth,[aa] and you will spread out[ab] to the west, east, north, and south. And so all the families of the earth may receive blessings[ac] through you and through your descendants. 15 I am with you![ad] I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I promised you!”

16 Then Jacob woke up[ae] and thought,[af] “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!” 17 He was afraid and said, “What an awesome place this is! This is nothing else than the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!”

18 Early[ag] in the morning Jacob[ah] took the stone he had placed near his head[ai] and set it up as a sacred stone.[aj] Then he poured oil on top of it. 19 He called that place Bethel,[ak] although the former name of the town was Luz. 20 Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God is with me and protects me on this journey I am taking and gives me food[al] to eat and clothing to wear, 21 and I return safely to my father’s home,[am] then the Lord will become my God. 22 Then this stone[an] that I have set up as a sacred stone will be the house of God, and I will surely[ao] give you back a tenth of everything you give me.”[ap]

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 28:1 tn Heb “you must not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan.”
  2. Genesis 28:2 tn Heb “Arise! Go!” The first of the two imperatives is adverbial and stresses the immediacy of the departure.
  3. Genesis 28:3 tn Heb “El Shaddai.” See the extended note on the phrase “sovereign God” in Gen 17:1.
  4. Genesis 28:3 tn Heb “and make you fruitful and multiply you.” See Gen 17:6, 20 for similar terminology.
  5. Genesis 28:3 tn The perfect verbal form with vav (ו) consecutive here indicates consequence. The collocation הָיָה plus preposition ל (hayah plus lamed) means “become.”
  6. Genesis 28:3 tn Heb “an assembly of peoples.”
  7. Genesis 28:4 tn Heb “and may he give to you the blessing of Abraham, to you and to your offspring with you.” The name “Abraham” is an objective genitive here; this refers to the blessing that God gave to Abraham.
  8. Genesis 28:4 tn The words “the land” have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
  9. Genesis 28:4 tn Heb “the land of your sojournings,” that is, the land where Jacob had been living as a resident foreigner, as his future descendants would after him.
  10. Genesis 28:6 tn Heb “to take for himself from there a wife.”
  11. Genesis 28:6 tn The infinitive construct with the preposition and the suffix form a temporal clause.
  12. Genesis 28:6 tn Heb “you must not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan.”
  13. Genesis 28:8 tn Heb “saw.”
  14. Genesis 28:8 tn Heb “the daughters of Canaan.”
  15. Genesis 28:8 tn Heb “evil in the eyes of.”
  16. Genesis 28:9 tn Heb “took for a wife.”
  17. Genesis 28:11 tn Heb “the place.” The article may indicate simply that the place is definite in the mind of the narrator. However, as the story unfolds the place is transformed into a holy place. See A. P. Ross, “Jacob’s Vision: The Founding of Bethel,” BSac 142 (1985): 224-37.
  18. Genesis 28:11 tn Heb “and he spent the night there because the sun had gone down.”
  19. Genesis 28:11 tn Heb “he took from the stones of the place,” which here means Jacob took one of the stones (see v. 18).
  20. Genesis 28:11 tn Heb “and he put [it at] the place of his head.” The text does not actually say the stone was placed under his head to serve as a pillow, although most interpreters and translators assume this. It is possible the stone served some other purpose. Jacob does not seem to have been a committed monotheist yet (see v. 20-21) so he may have believed it contained some spiritual power. Note that later in the story he anticipates the stone becoming the residence of God (see v. 22). Many cultures throughout the world view certain types of stones as magical and/or sacred. See J. G. Fraser, Folklore in the Old Testament, 231-37.
  21. Genesis 28:11 tn Heb “lay down.”
  22. Genesis 28:12 tn Heb “and dreamed.”
  23. Genesis 28:12 tn Heb “and look.” The scene which Jacob witnessed is described in three clauses introduced with הִנֵּה (hinneh). In this way the narrator invites the reader to witness the scene through Jacob’s eyes. J. P. Fokkelman points out that the particle goes with a lifted arm and an open mouth: “There, a ladder! Oh, angels! and look, the Lord himself” (Narrative Art in Genesis [SSN], 51-52).
  24. Genesis 28:12 tn The Hebrew noun סֻלָּם (sullam, “ladder, stairway”) occurs only here in the OT, but there appears to be an Akkadian cognate simmiltu (with metathesis of the second and third consonants and a feminine ending) which has a specialized meaning of “stairway, ramp.” See H. R. Cohen, Biblical Hapax Legomena (SBLDS), 34. For further discussion see C. Houtman, “What Did Jacob See in His Dream at Bethel? Some Remarks on Genesis 28:10-22, ” VT 27 (1977): 337-52; J. G. Griffiths, “The Celestial Ladder and the Gate of Heaven,” ExpTim 76 (1964/65): 229-30; and A. R. Millard, “The Celestial Ladder and the Gate of Heaven,” ExpTim 78 (1966/67): 86-87.
  25. Genesis 28:13 tn Heb “the God of your father Abraham and the God of Isaac.” The Hebrew word for “father” can typically be used in a broader sense than the English word, in this case referring to Abraham (who was Jacob’s grandfather). For stylistic reasons and for clarity, the words “your father” are supplied with “Isaac” in the translation.
  26. Genesis 28:13 tn The Hebrew term אֶרֶץ (ʾerets) can mean “[the] earth,” “land,” “region,” “piece of ground,” or “ground” depending on the context. Here the term specifically refers to the plot of ground on which Jacob was lying, but at the same time this stands by metonymy for the entire land of Canaan.
  27. Genesis 28:14 tn This is the same Hebrew word translated “ground” in the preceding verse.
  28. Genesis 28:14 tn The verb is singular in the Hebrew; Jacob is addressed as the representative of his descendants.
  29. Genesis 28:14 tn The translation understands the Niphal stem to be middle voice here; the normal passive for בָּרַךְ (barakh) is Pual. The middle voice may be expressed here as “they may consider themselves blessed,” “they may receive/find blessing,” “the may become blessed.” See the notes at 12:3 and 18:18.
  30. Genesis 28:15 tn Heb “Look, I [am] with you.” The clause is a nominal clause; the verb to be supplied could be present (as in the translation) or future, “Look, I [will be] with you” (cf. NEB).
  31. Genesis 28:16 tn Heb “woke up from his sleep.” This has been simplified in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  32. Genesis 28:16 tn Heb “said.”
  33. Genesis 28:18 tn Heb “and he got up early…and he took.”
  34. Genesis 28:18 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jacob) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  35. Genesis 28:18 tn See the note on this phrase in v. 11.
  36. Genesis 28:18 tn Heb “standing stone.”sn Sacred stone. Such a stone could be used as a boundary marker, a burial stone, or as a shrine. Here the stone is intended to be a reminder of the stairway that was “erected” and on which the Lord “stood.” (In Hebrew the word translated “sacred stone” is derived from the verb translated “erected” in v. 12 and “stood” in v. 13.) Since the top of the stairway reached the heavens where the Lord stood, Jacob poured oil on the top of the stone. See C. F. Graesser, “Standing Stones in Ancient Palestine,” BA 35 (1972): 34-63; and E. Stockton, “Sacred Pillars in the Bible,” ABR 20 (1972): 16-32.
  37. Genesis 28:19 tn The name Bethel means “house of God” in Hebrew (see v. 17).
  38. Genesis 28:20 tn Heb “bread,” although the term can be used for food in general.
  39. Genesis 28:21 tn Heb “and I return in peace to the house of my father.”
  40. Genesis 28:22 tn The disjunctive clause structure (conjunction + noun/subject) is used to highlight the statement.
  41. Genesis 28:22 tn The infinitive absolute is used before the finite verb for emphasis.
  42. Genesis 28:22 tn Heb “and all which you give to me I will surely give a tenth of it to you.” The disjunctive clause structure (conjunction + noun/object) highlights this statement as well.

以撒打发雅各投靠拉班

28 以撒把雅各叫了来,给他祝福,并且吩咐他,说:“你不可娶迦南的女子为妻。 起来,到巴旦.亚兰你外祖父彼土利的家里去,在那里娶你舅父拉班的一个女儿为妻。 愿全能的 神赐福给你,使你繁衍增多,成为大族。 愿 神把应许给亚伯拉罕的福,赐给你和你的后裔,使你可以得着你寄居的地为业,就是 神赐给亚伯拉罕的。” 于是,以撒打发雅各去了,雅各就往巴旦.亚兰去,到了亚兰人彼土利的儿子拉班那里。拉班就是雅各和以扫的母亲利百加的哥哥。 以扫见以撒给雅各祝福,又打发他到巴旦.亚兰去,在那里娶妻;又见以撒给雅各祝福的时候,吩咐他说:“你不可娶迦南的女子为妻”; 又见雅各听从了他父母的话,到巴旦.亚兰去了; 以扫就看出,他父亲以撒不喜欢迦南的女子。 于是,以扫到以实玛利那里去,在他两个妻子以外,娶了玛哈拉为妻。玛哈拉就是亚伯拉罕的儿子以实玛利的女儿,尼拜约的妹妹。

雅各在伯特利见异梦

10 雅各离开别是巴,到哈兰去。 11 来到一个地方,就在那里过夜,因为太阳已经落了。他拾起那地方的一块石头,把它放在头底下作枕头,就在那里躺下睡了。 12 他作了一个梦,梦见一个梯子立在地上,梯顶直通到天, 神的众使者在梯子上下往来。 13 耶和华站在梯子上,说:“我是耶和华你祖父亚伯拉罕的 神,也是以撒的 神,我要把你现在躺着的这块地赐给你和你的后裔。 14 你的后裔必像地面的灰尘那么多;你必向东、南、西、北扩展;地上的万族必因你和你的后裔得福。 15 我与你同在,你无论到哪里去,我必看顾你;我必领你回到这地方来,因为我必不离弃你,直到我实现了我对你所应许的。” 16 雅各一觉醒来,说:“耶和华确实在这地方,我竟不知道!” 17 他就惧怕起来,说:“这地方多么可畏啊,这不是别的地方,而是 神的殿,是天的门。”

雅各许愿

18 雅各清早起来,把他曾经放在头底下作枕头的那块石头,立作石柱,在柱上浇了油。 19 他就给那地方起名叫伯特利,但那城起初名叫路斯。 20 于是雅各许了一个愿说:“如果 神与我同在,在我所走的路上看顾我,赐我食物吃,给我衣服穿, 21 使我可以平平安安地回到我的父家,我就必定以耶和华为我的 神, 22 我立作石柱的那块石头,必作 神的殿;你赐给我的一切,我必把十分之一献给你。”