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重做法版(A)

34 耶和华对摩西说:“你要凿出两块石版,好象先前的一样,我要把先前写在你摔碎了的石版上的字写在这两块石版上。 早晨之前,你要预备好了;到早晨的时候,你要上到西奈山来,在山顶上站在我面前。 谁也不准同你一起上来,整个山都不准有人出现,也不准牛羊在这山前吃草。” 摩西就凿了两块石版,好象先前的一样。他一早起来,照着耶和华吩咐他的,上到西奈山去,手里拿着两块石版。 耶和华在云彩中降下来,与摩西一同站在那里,并且宣告耶和华的名字。 耶和华在摩西面前经过,并且宣告说:“耶和华,耶和华,是有怜悯有恩典的 神,不轻易发怒,并且有丰盛的慈爱和诚实, 为千千万万人留下慈爱,赦免罪孽、过犯和罪恶。一定要清除罪,追讨罪孽自父及子至孙,直到三四代。” 摩西急忙俯首在地敬拜, 说:“主啊,我若是在你眼前蒙恩,求我主与我们同行,因为这是硬着颈项的人民。又求你赦免我们的罪孽和我们的罪恶,把我们当作你的产业。”

重新立约(B)

10 耶和华说:“看哪,我要立约,我要在你全体的人民面前作奇妙的事,是在全地万国中没有行过的。在你四周的万民都必看见耶和华的作为,因为我向你所行的是可畏惧的事。 11 我今天吩咐你的,你务要遵守。看哪,我要把亚摩利人、迦南人、赫人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人,从你面前赶逐出去。 12 你要小心,不可与你所去的那地的居民立约,恐怕这事在你中间成为陷阱。 13 他们的祭坛你们却要拆毁,他们的柱像你们要打碎,他们的亚舍拉你们要砍下。 14 你不可敬拜别的神,因为耶和华是忌邪的 神,他名为忌邪者。 15 恐怕你与那地的居民立约,他们随从自己的神行邪淫,给自己的神献祭的时候,有人叫你,你就吃他的祭物; 16 又恐怕你给你的儿子娶他们的女儿为妻,他们的女儿随从自己的神行邪淫的时候,使你的儿子也随从她们的神行邪淫。 17 你不可为自己铸造神像。

18 “你要守除酵节,要照着我吩咐你的,在亚笔月内所定的时期吃无酵饼七天,因为你是在亚笔月从埃及出来的。 19 凡是头胎的都是我的;你的牲畜中,无论是牛或羊,凡是公的和头生的,都是我的。 20 头生的驴,你要用羊代赎,如果不代赎,就要打断牠的颈项。你所有头胎的儿子,你都要代赎出来。没有人可以空手见我。

21 “你六日要工作,但第七天你要休息,在耕种和收割的时候,也要休息。 22 在收割初熟麦子的时候,你要守七七节;在年底,你要过收藏节。 23 你所有的男子,都要一年三次去见主耶和华以色列的 神。 24 我要把列国从你面前赶出去,扩张你的境界;你一年三次上去面见耶和华你的 神的时候,必没有人贪图你的地。

25 “你不可把我祭物的血和有酵的饼一同献上,逾越节的祭物也不可留到早晨。 26 你要把你地里最早生产的初熟之物送到耶和华你的 神的殿里。不可用羊羔母的奶去煮羊羔。”

27 耶和华对摩西说:“你要把这些话写上,因为我是按着这些话与你和以色列人立约的。” 28 摩西在那里与耶和华在一起共四十昼夜,不吃饭,也不喝水。他把这约的话写在两块版上,这就是十诫。

摩西从山上下来

29 摩西从西奈山下来的时候,手里拿着两块法版;摩西从山上下来的时候,不知道自己的脸皮因为与耶和华谈过话而发光。 30 亚伦和全体以色列人看见了摩西,见他脸上发光,就害怕接近他。 31 摩西叫他们过来,于是,亚伦和会众中所有的首领才回到摩西那里去,摩西就与他们谈话。 32 以后,全体以色列人都近前来,摩西就把耶和华在西奈山上与他所说的一切话都吩咐他们。 33 摩西和他们说完了话,就用帕子蒙上自己的脸。 34 每逢摩西进到耶和华面前与他谈话的时候,就把帕子揭去,直到他出来。他出来了,就把耶和华吩咐他的对以色列人说。 35 以色列人看见摩西的脸,见他的脸皮发光。摩西再用帕子蒙上自己的脸,直到他进去和耶和华说话为止。

Chapter 34

The New Tablets of the Law. The Lord said to Moses, “Cut two stone tablets like the first ones. I will write on these tablets the words that were on the first tablets, the ones you broke. Be ready in the morning. Tomorrow morning you must climb up Mount Sinai and remain on the summit of the mountain with me. No one is to climb up with you. No one should be on the summit of the mountain nor anywhere on the mountain. Even the flocks and the herds are not to graze in front of that mountain.”

Moses cut two tablets of stone like the first ones. He arose early in the morning and climbed up Mount Sinai, as the Lord had commanded him, with the two stone tablets in his hands.

The Lord Shows Himself to Moses.

The Lord came down in a cloud and stood with him there and proclaimed the name of the Lord. The Lord passed in front of him proclaiming, “The Lord, the Lord, a compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love and fidelity, who shows mercy to thousands. He forgives iniquity and transgression and sin, but will by no means forgive the iniquity of the fathers, visiting it upon their sons and their sons’ sons, to the third and fourth generation.”

Moses quickly bowed down to the ground and worshiped. He said, “If I have found favor with you, my Lord, let the Lord walk in our midst. Yet, it is an obstinate people. Pardon our iniquity and sin and take us for your own inheritance.”

10 A New Book of the Law.[a] The Lord said, “Behold, I am going to establish a covenant with you. I will perform marvelous deeds before all your people, things that have never been done before anywhere on the earth or among any people. All the people in whose midst you dwell will see the work of the Lord, for it is a wondrous thing that I will do with you.

11 “Observe what I command you today. I will drive out the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. 12 Take care not to make any covenants with the inhabitants of the land that you are about to enter, lest it become a snare to you. 13 You are to tear down their altars, smash their pillars, and cut down their sacred trees.[b] 14 You must not worship any other god, for the Lord is called Jealous, for he is a jealous God.

15 “Do not make a covenant with the people of that land lest, when they commit fornication for their gods and perform sacrifices to their gods, they invite you and you eat of their sacrifice.[c] 16 Do not take their daughters as wives for your sons lest, when their daughters commit fornication to their gods, they cause your sons to commit fornication with their gods as well.

17 “Do not make any molten gods for yourselves.

18 “Observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days eat unleavened bread at the appointed time in the month of Abib, for it was in the month of Abib that you came out of Egypt.

19 “Every creature that is the firstborn from its mother’s womb belongs to me: every firstborn bull, every firstborn cattle and sheep. 20 The firstborn of a donkey will be redeemed with a lamb. If you do not redeem it, you are to break its neck. All of your firstborn sons are to be redeemed.

“None is to appear before me empty-handed.

21 “For six days you may work, but on the seventh you must rest. Even during plowing season and the harvest, you must rest.

22 “You shall celebrate the Feast of Weeks, that is, the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, and also the Harvest Feast at the year’s end.

23 “Three times a year all your men will appear before the Lord God, the God of Israel, 24 for I will cast out your enemies before you and enlarge your borders. Neither will any man desire your land, when you go up three times a year to appear before the Lord, your God. 25 You shall not sacrifice the blood of my sacrificial victim with leavened bread, neither shall you let the sacrificial victim of the Passover remain until the morning.

26 “You will bring the best of the firstfruits of the land to the house of the Lord, your God.

“You shall not cook a kid goat in its mother’s milk.”

27 The Lord said to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with them I have established a covenant with you and with Israel.”

28 Moses remained with the Lord for forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. And he wrote the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments, on the tablets.

29 The Radiant Face of Moses.[d] When Moses went down from Mount Sinai, he had the two tablets of Testimony in his hands, while he descended the mountain. He did not know that the skin of his face had become radiant, for he had been speaking with the Lord. 30 But when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses and that the skin of his face had become radiant, they were afraid to approach him. 31 Moses therefore called to them, to Aaron and all the heads of the community, and they went over to him. Moses spoke to them. 32 All the children of Israel then drew near after them, and he commanded them to do all that the Lord had told him on Mount Sinai. 33 When Moses was finished speaking to them, he put on a veil to cover his face. 34 Whenever Moses came before the Lord to speak with him, Moses took off the veil until he went outside. When he went outside, he told the children of Israel all that had been commanded them. 35 The children of Israel saw that the skin of his face had become radiant. Then he put the veil on over his face again, until he went in to speak with the Lord again.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 34:10 After their first false step the chosen people had to make a serious commitment to live according to the renewed covenant. As a remembrance of this event, the Yahwist tradition has preserved for us this new Decalogue, which is probably to be associated with the point at which Israel became sedentary and had to struggle with the nature cults of Canaan; this would account for the emphasis on taking part in the liturgical celebrations.
  2. Exodus 34:13 In the Canaanite religion the pillars, Hebrew, massebot, were symbols of the male god; their cult is condemned; see also Ex 23:24; Lev 26:1; Deut 7:5; 12:3; 16:22; Hos 3:4; 10:1; Mic 5:12. The sacred trees (Hebrew, asherah) were a symbol of the female goddess of love and fertility (Astarte).
  3. Exodus 34:15 As compared to the worship of Yahweh, which is likened to a legitimate marriage, the worship of false gods is described as prostitution. See Ezek 16; 23; Hos 1–3; Rev 17.
  4. Exodus 34:29 The face of Moses reflected the glory of God. The verb garan, “to be radiant,” is like the noun goren, “horn.” This explains why the verb was translated as “horns” in the Latin Vulgate and became part of the tradition. Paul refers to this passage when he reminds Christians of their transformation into the image of God (2 Cor 3:7-8, 18).

34 Yahweh said to Moses, “Chisel two stone tablets like the first. I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke. Be ready by the morning, and come up in the morning to Mount Sinai, and present yourself there to me on the top of the mountain. No one shall come up with you or be seen anywhere on the mountain. Do not let the flocks or herds graze in front of that mountain.”

He chiseled two tablets of stone like the first; then Moses rose up early in the morning, and went up to Mount Sinai, as Yahweh had commanded him, and took in his hand two stone tablets. Yahweh descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and proclaimed Yahweh’s name. Yahweh passed by before him, and proclaimed, “Yahweh! Yahweh, a merciful and gracious God, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness and truth, keeping loving kindness for thousands, forgiving iniquity and disobedience and sin; and who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, and on the children’s children, on the third and on the fourth generation.”

Moses hurried and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshiped. He said, “If now I have found favor in your sight, Lord, please let the Lord go among us, even though this is a stiff-necked people; pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for your inheritance.”

10 He said, “Behold, I make a covenant: before all your people I will do marvels, such as have not been worked in all the earth, nor in any nation; and all the people among whom you are shall see the work of Yahweh; for it is an awesome thing that I do with you. 11 Observe that which I command you today. Behold, I will drive out before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. 12 Be careful, lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it be for a snare among you; 13 but you shall break down their altars, and dash in pieces their pillars, and you shall cut down their Asherah poles; 14 for you shall worship no other god; for Yahweh, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.

15 “Don’t make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, lest they play the prostitute after their gods, and sacrifice to their gods, and one call you and you eat of his sacrifice; 16 and you take of their daughters to your sons, and their daughters play the prostitute after their gods, and make your sons play the prostitute after their gods.

17 “You shall make no cast idols for yourselves.

18 “You shall keep the feast of unleavened bread. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the month Abib; for in the month Abib you came out of Egypt.

19 “All that opens the womb is mine; and all your livestock that is male, the firstborn of cow and sheep. 20 You shall redeem the firstborn of a donkey with a lamb. If you will not redeem it, then you shall break its neck. You shall redeem all the firstborn of your sons. No one shall appear before me empty.

21 “Six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall rest: in plowing time and in harvest you shall rest.

22 “You shall observe the feast of weeks with the first fruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of harvest at the year’s end. 23 Three times in the year all your males shall appear before the Lord Yahweh, the God of Israel. 24 For I will drive out nations before you and enlarge your borders; neither shall any man desire your land when you go up to appear before Yahweh, your God, three times in the year.

25 “You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread. The sacrifice of the feast of the Passover shall not be left to the morning.

26 “You shall bring the first of the first fruits of your ground to the house of Yahweh your God.

“You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.”

27 Yahweh said to Moses, “Write these words; for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.”

28 He was there with Yahweh forty days and forty nights; he neither ate bread, nor drank water. He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the ten commandments.

29 When Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the covenant in Moses’ hand, when he came down from the mountain, Moses didn’t know that the skin of his face shone by reason of his speaking with him. 30 When Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to come near him. 31 Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned to him; and Moses spoke to them. 32 Afterward all the children of Israel came near, and he gave them all the commandments that Yahweh had spoken with him on Mount Sinai. 33 When Moses was done speaking with them, he put a veil on his face. 34 But when Moses went in before Yahweh to speak with him, he took the veil off, until he came out; and he came out, and spoke to the children of Israel that which he was commanded. 35 The children of Israel saw Moses’ face, that the skin of Moses’ face shone; so Moses put the veil on his face again, until he went in to speak with him.

De nieuwe platte stenen van het verbond van God

34 De Heer zei tegen Mozes: "Hak twee platte stenen, hetzelfde als de eerste twee stenen. Dan zal Ik op die stenen de woorden schrijven die op de eerste twee platte stenen stonden die je kapot hebt gegooid. Wees morgenochtend klaar en klim de berg Sinaï op. Kom daar bij Mij op de top van de berg. Maar er mag niemand met je meekomen. Er mag zelfs niemand op de hele berg komen. Er mogen zelfs geen schapen, geiten of koeien grazen in de buurt van de berg."

Toen hakte Mozes twee platte stenen, hetzelfde als de eerste twee stenen. Vroeg in de ochtend klom hij de berg Sinaï op, zoals de Heer had bevolen. Hij had de twee platte stenen in zijn hand. De Heer kwam naar beneden in een wolk en ging daar bij hem staan. De Heer liep langs hem heen en riep:[a] "Ik ben de Heer! Ik ben vriendelijk en geduldig, liefdevol, vol medelijden en vol waarheid. Ik ben vriendelijk en goed voor duizenden mensen en vergeef hen hun slechtheid en ongehoorzaamheid. Maar schuldige mensen zal Ik niet onschuldig verklaren. Als mensen Mij niet willen gehoorzamen, zal het slecht met hen gaan. Hun ongehoorzaamheid zal gevolgen hebben tot in de derde en vierde familie ná hen."

Mozes knielde haastig op de grond neer, boog zich diep en zei: "Heer, ga alstublieft met ons mee, ook al is het volk koppig en ongehoorzaam. Vergeef ons alstublieft onze ongehoorzaamheid en onze slechtheid. Laat ons alstublieft uw eigen volk zijn." 10 De Heer antwoordde: "Ik zal een verbond met het volk sluiten. Jouw hele volk zal mijn wonderen zien. Wonderen zoals er nog nooit eerder ergens op aarde voor een volk zijn gedaan. Jouw hele volk zal zien wat Ik doe en zal diep onder de indruk zijn. 11 Maar jullie moeten doen wat Ik jullie vandaag beveel.

Ik zal voor jullie de Amorieten, de Kanaänieten, de Hetieten, de Perezieten, de Hevieten en de Jebusieten wegjagen. 12 Let er op dat jullie geen enkel verbond met hen sluiten. Want als jullie dat wel doen, zal het slecht met jullie aflopen. 13 Maar jullie moeten hun altaren afbreken, hun godenbeelden kapot slaan en hun heilige palen omhakken. 14 Want Ik ben een jaloers God en Ik wil niet dat jullie andere goden aanbidden. 15 Sluit geen enkel verbond met de bewoners van het land! Want zij aanbidden andere goden en brengen daar offers aan. En ze zouden ook jullie uitnodigen voor hun afgodenfeesten en jullie zouden dan van hun offers mee-eten. 16 En als jullie zonen met hun dochters zouden trouwen, zouden jullie zonen ontrouw aan Mij worden doordat hun vrouwen andere goden aanbidden. Want de vrouwen zouden jullie zonen verleiden om ontrouw aan Mij te worden en hun goden te gaan aanbidden. 17 Jullie mogen geen godenbeelden maken.

18 Verder moeten jullie het Feest van de Ongegiste Broden vieren. Zeven dagen moeten jullie ongegist brood eten, zoals Ik jullie heb bevolen. Vier het in de week die Ik heb aangegeven, in de maand Abib. Want in die maand zijn jullie uit Egypte vertrokken.

19 Alle eerstgeboren dieren zijn voor Mij: alle eerstgeboren mannetjes-dieren van de koeien, schapen en geiten zijn van Mij. 20 Maar elk eerstgeboren ezelsjong moeten jullie vrijkopen met een schaap of geit. Als je het ezeltje niet vrijkoopt, moet je het de nek breken. Maar elke eerste zoon die in een gezin geboren wordt, moeten jullie vrijkopen. En jullie mogen nooit zonder geschenk bij Mij komen, maar jullie moeten Mij een offer brengen.

21 Jullie mogen zes dagen werken. Maar op de zevende dag moeten jullie uitrusten. Ook in de ploegtijd en in de oogsttijd moeten jullie je aan de rustdag houden.

22 Als jullie het eerste deel van de tarweoogst binnenhalen, moeten jullie het Wekenfeest vieren. En aan het eind van de oogst, aan het eind van het jaar, moeten jullie het oogstfeest vieren. (Dat is het Loofhuttenfeest.)

23 Dus drie keer per jaar moeten alle mannen bij Mij komen, de God van Israël. 24 Ik zal de volken voor jullie wegjagen en Ik zal jullie een steeds groter gebied geven om in te wonen. In de tijd dat jullie naar Mij toe komen voor de feesten, zal niemand van die volken jullie land aanvallen.

25 Jullie mogen bij het bloed van de vlees-offers niets offeren dat met gist is klaargemaakt. En van het offer van het Paasfeest mag niets overblijven tot de volgende ochtend.

26 Jullie moeten het beste van het eerste deel van de oogst in mijn heiligdom brengen.

Jullie mogen een jong geitje niet koken in de melk van zijn moeder."

27 De Heer zei tegen Mozes: "Schrijf dit op. Want dit zijn de regels van het verbond dat Ik met jou en met Israël sluit." 28 En Mozes was daar 40 dagen en 40 nachten bij de Heer. Brood at hij niet en water dronk hij niet. En hij schreef op de platte stenen de regels van het verbond, de Tien Leefregels.

Mozes' gezicht straalt

29 Daarna daalde Mozes de berg Sinaï weer af. De twee platte stenen van het verbond had hij in zijn handen. Hij wist niet dat de huid van zijn gezicht straalde doordat hij met de Heer had gesproken. 30 Toen Aäron en de Israëlieten Mozes zagen, zagen ze dat de huid van zijn gezicht straalde. Daarom durfden ze niet dichterbij te komen. 31 Maar Mozes riep hen bij zich. Aäron en de leiders van het volk kwamen naar hem toe en Mozes sprak met hen. 32 Daarna kwamen alle Israëlieten naar hem toe. En hij leerde hun alle bevelen die de Heer hem op de berg Sinaï had gegeven. 33 Mozes had een doek voor zijn gezicht gedaan. 34 Maar als Mozes bij de Heer was om met Hem te spreken, deed hij de doek af. Als hij weer naar buiten ging om de Israëlieten te zeggen wat de Heer had bevolen, deed hij de doek weer voor zijn gezicht. 35 Steeds als de Israëlieten zagen dat de huid van Mozes' gezicht straalde, deed Mozes de doek weer voor zijn gezicht. Maar als hij weer naar binnen ging om met Hem te spreken, deed hij de doek af.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 34:6 In die tijd lieten koningen en andere belangrijke mensen iemand voor zich uit lopen die de naam riep van de persoon die eraan kwam. Ook riep hij wat die persoon voor belangrijke dingen had gedaan. God doet hier net zoiets. Hij roept zijn naam en wie Hij is.