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世上福樂不能滿足人心

我看見日光之下有一件憾事,重壓在世人身上。 蒙 神賜予財富、資產和榮譽的人,心裡所願的,都一無所缺,可是 神使他無力享用,反而有外人來享用。這是虛空,也是禍患。

人如果生下百子,活了許多歲數,年日長久,但是心裡不因美物滿足,又得不到安葬,我以為流產的胎比他還好。 因為這胎虛虛而來,暗暗而去,黑暗把他的名字遮蔽了。 這胎既看不見天日,又一無所知,就比那人更得安息。 那人即使活了一千年,再活一千年,也享受不到甚麼;他們兩者不是都歸一個地方嗎?

人的一切勞碌都為口腹,他的心卻還是填不滿。 智慧人比愚昧人有甚麼長處呢?窮人在眾人面前知道怎樣行事為人,又有甚麼長處呢? 眼睛看見的,勝過心中想望的。這也是虛空,也是捕風。

10 已經存在的,早已有了名稱;大家都知道人是怎樣的;人絕對無法與比自己強的抗辯。 11 因為話語增多,虛空也增多,這對人有甚麼益處呢? 12 在虛空、消逝如影的人生,短暫的日子裡,有誰知道甚麼是對人有益處呢?誰能告訴人他死後在日光之下會發生甚麼事呢?

There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is common among men:

A man to whom God hath given riches, wealth, and honour, so that he wanteth nothing for his soul of all that he desireth, yet God giveth him not power to eat thereof, but a stranger eateth it: this is vanity, and it is an evil disease.

If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he.

For he cometh in with vanity, and departeth in darkness, and his name shall be covered with darkness.

Moreover he hath not seen the sun, nor known any thing: this hath more rest than the other.

Yea, though he live a thousand years twice told, yet hath he seen no good: do not all go to one place?

All the labour of man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled.

For what hath the wise more than the fool? what hath the poor, that knoweth to walk before the living?

Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire: this is also vanity and vexation of spirit.

10 That which hath been is named already, and it is known that it is man: neither may he contend with him that is mightier than he.

11 Seeing there be many things that increase vanity, what is man the better?

12 For who knoweth what is good for man in this life, all the days of his vain life which he spendeth as a shadow? for who can tell a man what shall be after him under the sun?

Chapter 6

The Impossible Profit.[a] There is another evil that I have seen under the sun, and it weighs heavily on the human race. God may grant a man wealth, prosperity, and honor so that he lacks none of the things he desires. However, if God does not enable him to enjoy these gifts but rather allows someone else to revel in their benefits, this is vanity and a grievous ill.

A man may father a hundred children and live for many years, but no matter how many his days may be, if he does not have the opportunity to enjoy the good things of life and in the end receives no burial, I maintain that a stillborn child is more fortunate than he.[b]

For that child came in vain and departed in darkness, and in darkness will his name be enveloped. Moreover, it has never seen the sun or known anything, yet its state is better than his. It could live a thousand years twice over and experience no enjoyment, yet both will go to the same place.[c]

All man’s toil is for the mouth,
    yet his appetite is never satisfied.
For what advantage does the wise man have
    over the fool,
or what advantage do the poor have
    in knowing how to conduct themselves in life?
What the eye sees is better
    than what desire craves.
This also is vanity
    and a chase after the wind.

What a Human Being Is: Conclusion to Part I

10 Whatever exists was given its name long ago,
    and the nature of man is known,
as well as the fact that he cannot contend
    with one who is stronger than he.[d]
11 The more words we speak,
    the more our vanity increases,
    so what advantage do we gain?

12 For who knows what is good for a man while he lives the few days of his vain life, through which he passes like a shadow? Who can tell him what will happen here afterward under the sun?

Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 6:1 The desire to possess does away with any chance of really living, for no one is certain of hanging on to his goods, as is illustrated by three portraits. Not even sages possess security.
  2. Ecclesiastes 6:3 Many children, a long life, and a proper burial were what constituted true riches. To be without any of these was a disgrace.
  3. Ecclesiastes 6:6 Same place: i.e., the grave. Qoheleth is still speaking about what humans can observe; they see both the good and the evil die, but they do not see what happens to each of them (see v. 12; 3:21).
  4. Ecclesiastes 6:10 One who is stronger than he: i.e., God.