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Обрезание в Гилгале

Когда все аморрейские цари к западу от Иордана и все ханаанские цари у побережья услышали, что Вечный перед исраильтянами осушил для переправы Иордан, их сердца ослабели и в них не осталось духа сопротивляться исраильтянам. Тогда Вечный сказал Иешуа:

– Сделай каменные ножи и вновь сделай исраильтянам обрезание.

Иешуа сделал каменные ножи и обрезал исраильтян в Гиват-Аралоте («холм крайних плотей»).

Вот почему он сделал это: все, кто вышел из Египта, – все мужчины, годные к воинской службе, – умерли в пустыне по пути, после выхода из Египта. Те, кто вышел, уже были обрезаны, но те, кто родился в пустыне на пути из Египта, не были обрезаны. Исраильтяне скитались по пустыне сорок лет, пока все мужчины, которые были годны к воинской службе, когда вышли из Египта, не умерли, потому что они не послушались Вечного. Ведь Вечный поклялся им, что они не увидят землю, которую Он с клятвой обещал их отцам, – землю, где течёт молоко и мёд. На смену им пришли их сыновья, которым Иешуа и сделал обрезание. Они были ещё не обрезаны, потому что их не обрезали в пути. И, после того как всем людям мужского пола было сделано обрезание, они оставались в лагере, пока не выздоровели.

Вечный сказал Иешуа:

– Сегодня Я снял с вас позор Египта.

Поэтому то место и называется Гилгал[a] до сегодняшнего дня.

10 Вечером четырнадцатого дня месяца (ранней весной) исраильтяне, стоявшие лагерем в Гилгале на равнинах Иерихона, отметили праздник Освобождения[b]. 11 В день после праздника Освобождения они ели плоды той земли: пресный хлеб и жареное зерно. 12 Манна перестала падать на другой день после того, как они стали есть плоды той земли. У исраильтян больше не было манны, и в тот год они ели плоды земли Ханаана.

Взятие Иерихона

13 Когда Иешуа находился неподалёку от Иерихона, он увидел перед собой мужчину, стоящего с обнажённым мечом в руке.[c] Иешуа подошёл к нему и спросил:

– Ты за нас или за наших врагов?

14 – Я пришёл как вождь воинства Вечного, – ответил тот.

Иешуа пал лицом на землю, поклонился ему и спросил:

– Что мой господин[d] прикажет своему рабу?

15 Вождь воинства Вечного ответил:

– Сними свои сандалии, потому что место, на котором ты стоишь, свято.[e]

Иешуа сделал это.

16 Ворота Иерихона были плотно заперты из-за страха перед исраильтянами. Никто не входил и не выходил через них.

Footnotes

  1. 5:9 На языке оригинала наблюдается игра слов: название Гилгал и глагол «откатить» (галал), в данном переводе «снял».
  2. 5:10 Праздник Освобождения   – этот праздник отмечался в память об избавлении иудейского народа под руководством пророка Мусы из Египетского рабства (см. Исх. 12; 13:17-22; 14; Втор. 16:1-8).
  3. 5:13 Многие толкователи считают, что Иешуа явился Ангел Вечного, видимое воплощение Самого Всевышнего. Подтверждением этому может быть то, что эта личность говорит Иешуа то, что некогда Аллах сказал Мусе (см. ст. 15; ср. Исх. 3:1-6), он принимает поклонение (см. ст. 14), на что имеет право лишь Аллах (см. Исх. 20:3-5; Отк. 19:10). Кроме того, в 6:1, возможно, идёт продолжение рассказа об этой встрече, где говорящий назван Вечным. Однако также возможно, что ему здесь явился один из самых высших ангелов.
  4. 5:14 Или: «мой Владыка».
  5. 5:15 Это согласуется с древним обычаем, до сих пор распространённым во многих странах Востока, где перед молитвой к Святому Создателю принято разуваться.

Quando tutti i re degli Amorei che erano di là dal Giordano verso occidente e tutti i re dei Cananei che erano presso il mare udirono che il Signore aveva prosciugato le acque del Giordano davanti ai figli d’Israele finché fossero passati, il loro cuore venne meno e non rimase più in loro alcun coraggio di fronte ai figli d’Israele.

Circoncisione della nuova generazione

(A)In quel tempo il Signore disse a Giosuè: «Fatti dei coltelli di pietra e torna di nuovo a circoncidere i figli d’Israele». E Giosuè si fece dei coltelli di pietra e circoncise i figli d’Israele sul colle di Aralot. Questo fu il motivo per cui li circoncise: tutti i maschi del popolo uscito dall’Egitto, cioè tutti gli uomini di guerra, erano morti nel deserto durante il viaggio dopo essere usciti dall’Egitto. Tutto il popolo uscito dall’Egitto era circonciso, ma tutto il popolo nato nel deserto durante il viaggio, dopo l’uscita dall’Egitto, non era stato circonciso. Infatti i figli d’Israele avevano camminato per quarant’anni nel deserto, finché tutta la nazione, cioè tutti gli uomini di guerra che erano usciti dall’Egitto, furono distrutti, perché non avevano ubbidito alla voce del Signore. Il Signore aveva loro giurato che non avrebbe fatto loro vedere il paese che aveva promesso con giuramento ai loro padri di dare a noi: paese dove scorrono il latte e il miele; e sostituì a loro i loro figli. E questi Giosuè circoncise, perché erano incirconcisi, non essendo stati circoncisi durante il viaggio. Quando tutta la nazione fu circoncisa, quelli rimasero al loro posto nell’accampamento, finché fossero guariti.

La Pasqua nella pianura di Gerico

(B)Allora il Signore disse a Giosuè: «Oggi vi ho tolto di dosso[a] l’infamia d’Egitto». E quel luogo fu chiamato Ghilgal[b], nome che dura fino ad oggi. 10 I figli d’Israele si accamparono a Ghilgal e, sulla sera del quattordicesimo giorno del mese, celebrarono la Pasqua nelle pianure di Gerico. 11 L’indomani della Pasqua, in quello stesso giorno, mangiarono i prodotti del paese: pani azzimi e grano arrostito. 12 E la manna cessò l’indomani del giorno in cui mangiarono i prodotti del paese; e i figli d’Israele non ebbero più manna, ma mangiarono, quell’anno stesso, il frutto del paese di Canaan.

Il capo dell’esercito del Signore

13 (C)Mentre Giosuè era presso Gerico, egli alzò gli occhi, guardò, ed ecco un uomo in piedi che gli stava davanti, tenendo in mano la spada sguainata. Giosuè andò verso di lui e gli disse: «Sei tu dei nostri o dei nostri nemici?» 14 E quello rispose: «No, io sono il capo dell’esercito del Signore; arrivo adesso». Allora Giosuè cadde con la faccia a terra, si prostrò e gli disse: «Che cosa vuol dire il mio Signore al suo servo?» 15 Il capo dell’esercito del Signore disse a Giosuè: «Togliti i calzari dai piedi; perché il luogo dove stai è santo». E Giosuè fece così.

Footnotes

  1. Giosué 5:9 Vi ho tolto di dosso, lett. vi ho rotolato di dosso.
  2. Giosué 5:9 Ghilgal, per assonanza col verbo ebr. galal, lett. rotolare.

Now when all the Amorite kings west of the Jordan and all the Canaanite kings along the coast(A) heard how the Lord had dried up the Jordan before the Israelites until they[a] had crossed over, their hearts melted in fear(B) and they no longer had the courage to face the Israelites.

Circumcision and Passover at Gilgal

At that time the Lord said to Joshua, “Make flint knives(C) and circumcise(D) the Israelites again.” So Joshua made flint knives and circumcised the Israelites at Gibeath Haaraloth.[b]

Now this is why he did so: All those who came out of Egypt—all the men of military age(E)—died in the wilderness on the way after leaving Egypt.(F) All the people that came out had been circumcised, but all the people born in the wilderness during the journey from Egypt had not. The Israelites had moved about in the wilderness(G) forty years(H) until all the men who were of military age when they left Egypt had died, since they had not obeyed the Lord. For the Lord had sworn to them that they would not see the land he had solemnly promised their ancestors to give us,(I) a land flowing with milk and honey.(J) So he raised up their sons in their place, and these were the ones Joshua circumcised. They were still uncircumcised because they had not been circumcised on the way. And after the whole nation had been circumcised, they remained where they were in camp until they were healed.(K)

Then the Lord said to Joshua, “Today I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you.” So the place has been called Gilgal[c](L) to this day.

10 On the evening of the fourteenth day of the month,(M) while camped at Gilgal on the plains of Jericho, the Israelites celebrated the Passover.(N) 11 The day after the Passover, that very day, they ate some of the produce of the land:(O) unleavened bread(P) and roasted grain.(Q) 12 The manna stopped the day after[d] they ate this food from the land; there was no longer any manna for the Israelites, but that year they ate the produce of Canaan.(R)

The Fall of Jericho

13 Now when Joshua was near Jericho, he looked up and saw a man(S) standing in front of him with a drawn sword(T) in his hand. Joshua went up to him and asked, “Are you for us or for our enemies?”

14 “Neither,” he replied, “but as commander of the army of the Lord I have now come.” Then Joshua fell facedown(U) to the ground(V) in reverence, and asked him, “What message does my Lord[e] have for his servant?”

15 The commander of the Lord’s army replied, “Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy.”(W) And Joshua did so.

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 5:1 Another textual tradition we
  2. Joshua 5:3 Gibeath Haaraloth means the hill of foreskins.
  3. Joshua 5:9 Gilgal sounds like the Hebrew for roll.
  4. Joshua 5:12 Or the day
  5. Joshua 5:14 Or lord

And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, which were on the side of Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, which were by the sea, heard that the Lord had dried up the waters of Jordan from before the children of Israel, until we were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel.

At that time the Lord said unto Joshua, Make thee sharp knives, and circumcise again the children of Israel the second time.

And Joshua made him sharp knives, and circumcised the children of Israel at the hill of the foreskins.

And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise: All the people that came out of Egypt, that were males, even all the men of war, died in the wilderness by the way, after they came out of Egypt.

Now all the people that came out were circumcised: but all the people that were born in the wilderness by the way as they came forth out of Egypt, them they had not circumcised.

For the children of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness, till all the people that were men of war, which came out of Egypt, were consumed, because they obeyed not the voice of the Lord: unto whom the Lord sware that he would not shew them the land, which the Lord sware unto their fathers that he would give us, a land that floweth with milk and honey.

And their children, whom he raised up in their stead, them Joshua circumcised: for they were uncircumcised, because they had not circumcised them by the way.

And it came to pass, when they had done circumcising all the people, that they abode in their places in the camp, till they were whole.

And the Lord said unto Joshua, This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you. Wherefore the name of the place is called Gilgal unto this day.

10 And the children of Israel encamped in Gilgal, and kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the month at even in the plains of Jericho.

11 And they did eat of the old corn of the land on the morrow after the passover, unleavened cakes, and parched corn in the selfsame day.

12 And the manna ceased on the morrow after they had eaten of the old corn of the land; neither had the children of Israel manna any more; but they did eat of the fruit of the land of Canaan that year.

13 And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand: and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him, Art thou for us, or for our adversaries?

14 And he said, Nay; but as captain of the host of the Lord am I now come. And Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and did worship, and said unto him, What saith my Lord unto his servant?

15 And the captain of the Lord's host said unto Joshua, Loose thy shoe from off thy foot; for the place whereon thou standest is holy. And Joshua did so.