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Chapter 11

The Remnant of Israel.[a] I ask, then: Has God rejected his people? Of course not! I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew. You surely must know what Scripture asserts in the passage about Elijah where he pleads with God against Israel: “Lord, they have killed your Prophets, they have torn down your altars. I alone am left, and they are seeking my life.”

What was God’s response to him? “I have spared for myself seven thousand men who have not knelt before Baal.” So too, at the present time, there is a remnant, chosen by grace. But if it is by grace, then it is no longer by works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace.

What follows, then? Israel was unable to attain what it was seeking. The elect attained it, but the rest were hardened, as it is written:

“God gave them a spirit of lethargy:
    eyes that could not see
    and ears that could not hear,
down to this very day.”

And David says:

“Let their table become a snare and a trap,
    a stumbling block and a retribution for them.
10 Let their eyes be darkened so that they cannot see,
    and their backs be bent forever.”

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 11:1 The threat to “harden” human beings (Isa 29:10) is often cited in the New Testament in censuring seemingly irremediable human blindness (see Mt 13:14; Jn 12:40; Acts 28:26). God is not indifferent to human rejection.