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Romans 5
New English Translation

The Expectation of Justification

5 [a] Therefore, since we have been declared righteous by faith, we have[b] peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2 through whom we have also obtained access[c] into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice[d] in the hope of God’s glory. 3 Not[e] only this, but we also rejoice in sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, 4 and endurance, character, and character, hope. 5 And hope does not disappoint, because the love of God[f] has been poured out[g] in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.

6 For while we were still helpless, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 (For rarely will anyone die for a righteous person, though for a good person perhaps someone might possibly dare to die.)[h] 8 But God demonstrates his own love for us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. 9 Much more then, because we have now been declared righteous[i] by his blood,[j] we will be saved through him from God’s wrath.[k] 10 For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, how much more, since we have been reconciled, will we be saved by his life? 11 Not[l] only this, but we also rejoice[m] in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received this reconciliation.

The Amplification of Justification

12 So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people[n] because[o] all sinned— 13 for before the law was given,[p] sin was in the world, but there is no accounting for sin[q] when there is no law. 14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type[r] of the coming one) transgressed.[s] 15 But the gracious gift is not like the transgression.[t] For if the many died through the transgression of the one man,[u] how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man Jesus Christ multiply to the many! 16 And the gift is not like the one who sinned.[v] For judgment, resulting from the one transgression,[w] led to condemnation, but[x] the gracious gift from the many failures[y] led to justification. 17 For if, by the transgression of the one man,[z] death reigned through the one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ!

18 Consequently,[aa] just as condemnation[ab] for all people[ac] came[ad] through one transgression,[ae] so too through the one righteous act[af] came righteousness leading to life[ag] for all people. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man[ah] many[ai] were constituted sinners, so also through the obedience of one man[aj] many[ak] will be constituted righteous. 20 Now the law came in[al] so that the transgression[am] may increase, but where sin increased, grace multiplied all the more, 21 so that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 5:1 sn Many interpreters see Rom 5:1 as beginning the second major division of the letter.
  2. Romans 5:1 tc A number of significant witnesses have the subjunctive ἔχωμεν (echōmen, “let us have”) instead of ἔχομεν (echomen, “we have”) in v. 1. Included in the subjunctive’s support are א* A B* C D K L 33 81 630 1175 1739* pm lat bo. But the indicative is not without its supporters: א1 B2 F G P Ψ 0220vid 104 365 1241 1505 1506 1739c 1881 2464 pm. If the problem were to be solved on an external basis only, the subjunctive would be preferred. Because of this, the “A” rating on behalf of the indicative in the UBS5 appears overly confident. Nevertheless, the indicative is probably correct. First, the earliest witness to Rom 5:1 has the indicative (0220vid, third century). Second, the first set of correctors is sometimes, if not often, of equal importance with the original hand. Hence, א1 might be given equal value with א*. Third, there is a good cross-section of witnesses for the indicative: Alexandrian (in 0220vid, probably א1 1241 1506 1881 al), Western (in F G), and Byzantine (noted in NA28 as pm). Thus, although the external evidence is strongly in favor of the subjunctive, the indicative is represented well enough that its ancestry could easily go back to the autograph. Turning to the internal evidence, the indicative gains much ground. (1) The variant may have been produced via an error of hearing (since omicron and omega were pronounced alike in ancient Greek). This, of course, does not indicate which reading was the initial text—just that an error of hearing may have produced one of them. In light of the indecisiveness of the transcriptional evidence, intrinsic evidence could play a much larger role. This is indeed the case here. (2) The indicative fits well with the overall argument of the book to this point. Up until now, Paul has been establishing the “indicatives of the faith.” There is only one imperative (used rhetorically) and only one hortatory subjunctive (and this in a quotation within a diatribe) up till this point, while from ch. 6 on there are sixty-one imperatives and seven hortatory subjunctives. Clearly, an exhortation would be out of place in ch. 5. (3) Paul presupposes that the audience has peace with God (via reconciliation) in 5:10. This seems to assume the indicative in v. 1. (4) As C. E. B. Cranfield notes, “it would surely be strange for Paul, in such a carefully argued writing as this, to exhort his readers to enjoy or to guard a peace which he has not yet explicitly shown to be possessed by them” (Romans [ICC], 1:257). (5) The notion that εἰρήνην ἔχωμεν (eirēnēn echōmen) can even naturally mean “enjoy peace” is problematic (ExSyn 464), yet those who embrace the subjunctive have to give the verb some such force. Thus, although the external evidence is stronger in support of the subjunctive, the internal evidence points to the indicative. Although a decision is difficult, ἔχομεν appears to be the authentic reading.
  3. Romans 5:2 tc ‡ There is some dispute over whether τῇ πίστει is here or not. Several decent witnesses lack the words (B D F G 0220 sa Ambst) while they are found (with ἐν preceding the article in some) in other witnesses, some of which are very good (א [+ ἐν in א1; lacking in א*, omitted in אc] A [also with ἐν] C Ψ 33 1739 1881 lat). On balance, the shorter reading has stronger external witnesses. As well, (ἐν) τῇ πίστει strikes the reader as mildly redundant and certainly as a clarification. As such, it seems to be a motivated reading. It is thus best to delete the words from the text.
  4. Romans 5:2 tn Or “exult, boast.”
  5. Romans 5:3 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  6. Romans 5:5 tn The phrase ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ (hē agapē tou theou, “the love of God”) could be interpreted as either an objective genitive (“our love for God”), subjective genitive (“God’s love for us”), or both (M. Zerwick’s “general” genitive [Biblical Greek, §§36-39]; D. B. Wallace’s “plenary” genitive [ExSyn 119-21]). The immediate context, which discusses what God has done for believers, favors a subjective genitive, but the fact that this love is poured out within the hearts of believers implies that it may be the source for believers’ love for God; consequently an objective genitive cannot be ruled out. It is possible that both these ideas are meant in the text and that this is a plenary genitive: “The love that comes from God and that produces our love for God has been poured out within our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us” (ExSyn 121).
  7. Romans 5:5 sn On the OT background of the Spirit being poured out, see Isa 32:15; Joel 2:28-29.
  8. Romans 5:7 sn Verse 7 forms something of a parenthetical comment in Paul’s argument.
  9. Romans 5:9 tn Grk “having now been declared righteous.” The participle δικαιωθέντες (dikaiōthentes) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.
  10. Romans 5:9 tn Or, according to BDF §219.3, “at the price of his blood.”
  11. Romans 5:9 tn Grk “the wrath,” referring to God’s wrath as v. 10 shows.
  12. Romans 5:11 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  13. Romans 5:11 tn Or “exult, boast.”
  14. Romans 5:12 tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anthrōpous) has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.
  15. Romans 5:12 tn The translation of the phrase ἐφ᾿ ᾧ (eph hō) has been heavily debated. For a discussion of all the possibilities, see C. E. B. Cranfield, “On Some of the Problems in the Interpretation of Romans 5.12,” SJT 22 (1969): 324-41. Only a few of the major options can be mentioned here: (1) the phrase can be taken as a relative clause in which the pronoun refers to Adam, “death spread to all people in whom [Adam] all sinned.” (2) The phrase can be taken with consecutive (resultative) force, meaning “death spread to all people with the result that all sinned.” (3) Others take the phrase as causal in force: “death spread to all people because all sinned.”
  16. Romans 5:13 tn Grk “for before the law.”
  17. Romans 5:13 tn Or “sin is not reckoned.”
  18. Romans 5:14 tn Or “pattern.”
  19. Romans 5:14 tn Or “disobeyed”; Grk “in the likeness of Adam’s transgression.”
  20. Romans 5:15 tn Grk “but not as the transgression, so also [is] the gracious gift.”
  21. Romans 5:15 sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).
  22. Romans 5:16 tn Grk “and not as through the one who sinned [is] the gift.”
  23. Romans 5:16 tn The word “transgression” is not in the Greek text at this point, but has been supplied for clarity.
  24. Romans 5:16 tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.
  25. Romans 5:16 tn Or “falls, trespasses,” the same word used in vv. 15, 17, 18, 20.
  26. Romans 5:17 sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).
  27. Romans 5:18 tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.
  28. Romans 5:18 tn Grk “[it is] unto condemnation for all people.”
  29. Romans 5:18 tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anthrōpous) has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.
  30. Romans 5:18 tn There are no verbs in the Greek text of v. 18, forcing translators to supply phrases like “came through one transgression,” “resulted from one transgression,” etc.
  31. Romans 5:18 sn One transgression refers to the sin of Adam in Gen 3:1-24.
  32. Romans 5:18 sn The one righteous act refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.
  33. Romans 5:18 tn Grk “righteousness of life.”
  34. Romans 5:19 sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).
  35. Romans 5:19 tn Grk “the many.”
  36. Romans 5:19 sn One man refers here to Jesus Christ.
  37. Romans 5:19 tn Grk “the many.”
  38. Romans 5:20 tn Grk “slipped in.”
  39. Romans 5:20 tn Or “trespass.”
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Romanos 5
Nueva Traducción Viviente

La fe produce alegría

5 Por lo tanto, ya que fuimos hechos justos a los ojos de Dios por medio de la fe, tenemos paz[a] con Dios gracias a lo que Jesucristo nuestro Señor hizo por nosotros. 2 Debido a nuestra fe, Cristo nos hizo entrar en este lugar de privilegio inmerecido en el cual ahora permanecemos, y esperamos con confianza y alegría participar de la gloria de Dios.

3 También nos alegramos al enfrentar pruebas y dificultades porque sabemos que nos ayudan a desarrollar resistencia. 4 Y la resistencia desarrolla firmeza de carácter, y el carácter fortalece nuestra esperanza segura de salvación. 5 Y esa esperanza no acabará en desilusión. Pues sabemos con cuánta ternura nos ama Dios, porque nos ha dado el Espíritu Santo para llenar nuestro corazón con su amor.

6 Cuando éramos totalmente incapaces de salvarnos, Cristo vino en el momento preciso y murió por nosotros, pecadores. 7 Ahora bien, casi nadie se ofrecería a morir por una persona honrada, aunque tal vez alguien podría estar dispuesto a dar su vida por una persona extraordinariamente buena; 8 pero Dios mostró el gran amor que nos tiene al enviar a Cristo a morir por nosotros cuando todavía éramos pecadores. 9 Entonces, ya que hemos sido hechos justos a los ojos de Dios por la sangre de Cristo, con toda seguridad él nos salvará de la condenación de Dios. 10 Pues, como nuestra amistad con Dios quedó restablecida por la muerte de su Hijo cuando todavía éramos sus enemigos, con toda seguridad seremos salvos por la vida de su Hijo. 11 Así que ahora podemos alegrarnos por nuestra nueva y maravillosa relación con Dios gracias a que nuestro Señor Jesucristo nos hizo amigos de Dios.

Comparación entre Adán y Cristo

12 Cuando Adán pecó, el pecado entró en el mundo. El pecado de Adán introdujo la muerte, de modo que la muerte se extendió a todos, porque todos pecaron. 13 Es cierto, la gente ya pecaba aun antes de que se entregara la ley; pero no se le tomaba en cuenta como pecado, porque todavía no existía ninguna ley para violar. 14 Sin embargo, desde los tiempos de Adán hasta los de Moisés, todos murieron, incluso los que no desobedecieron un mandamiento explícito de Dios como lo hizo Adán. Ahora bien, Adán es un símbolo, una representación de Cristo, quien aún tenía que venir; 15 pero hay una gran diferencia entre el pecado de Adán y el regalo del favor inmerecido de Dios. Pues el pecado de un solo hombre, Adán, trajo muerte a muchos; pero aún más grande es la gracia maravillosa de Dios y el regalo de su perdón para muchos por medio de otro hombre, Jesucristo; 16 y el resultado del regalo del favor inmerecido de Dios es muy diferente de la consecuencia del pecado de ese primer hombre. Pues el pecado de Adán llevó a la condenación, pero el regalo de Dios nos lleva a ser hechos justos a los ojos de Dios, a pesar de que somos culpables de muchos pecados. 17 Pues el pecado de un solo hombre, Adán, hizo que la muerte reinara sobre muchos; pero aún más grande es la gracia maravillosa de Dios y el regalo de su justicia, porque todos los que lo reciben vivirán en victoria sobre el pecado y la muerte por medio de un solo hombre, Jesucristo.

18 Así es, un solo pecado de Adán trae condenación para todos, pero un solo acto de justicia de Cristo trae una relación correcta con Dios y vida nueva para todos. 19 Por uno solo que desobedeció a Dios, muchos pasaron a ser pecadores; pero por uno solo que obedeció a Dios, muchos serán declarados justos.

20 La ley de Dios fue entregada para que toda la gente se diera cuenta de la magnitud de su pecado, pero mientras más pecaba la gente, más abundaba la gracia maravillosa de Dios. 21 Entonces, así como el pecado reinó sobre todos y los llevó a la muerte, ahora reina en cambio la gracia maravillosa de Dios, la cual nos pone en la relación correcta con él y nos da como resultado la vida eterna por medio de Jesucristo nuestro Señor.

Footnotes

  1. 5:1 Algunos manuscritos dicen tengamos paz.
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