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Matteus 26
En Levende Bok

Planer om å drepe Jesus

26 Da Jesus hadde avsluttet denne talen, sa han til disiplene: 2 ”Som dere vet, begynner påskehøytiden[a] om to dager. Da skal jeg, Menneskesønnen[b], bli utlevert og spikret fast til et kors.”

3 I mens samlet øversteprestene og folkets ledere seg i palasset til øverstepresten Kaifas 4 for å diskutere hvordan de i hemmelighet kunne arrestere Jesus og drepe han. 5 ”Men”, sa de til hverandre, ”ikke under selve påskehøytiden, for da kan det lede til oppløp og demonstrasjoner.”

En kvinne salver Jesus med kostbar olje

6 Jesus var en dag i Betania for å hilse på Simon, som før hadde vært spedalsk. 7 Mens de satt sammen og spiste, kom en kvinne bort til Jesus med en flaske kostbar olje, som hun helte over hodet hans.

8-9 Disiplene ble opprørt og sa: ”Hvilket sløseri med pengene! Oljen er jo verd en formue. Hun kunne heller ha solgt den og gitt pengene til de fattige!”

10 Jesus merket hva de snakket om og sa: ”Hvorfor kritiserer dere henne? Hun har gjort en god gjerning mot meg. 11 De fattige kommer dere alltid til å ha iblant dere, men meg kommer dere ikke til å ha hos dere særlig lenge til. 12 Ved å helle denne oljen over meg har hun forberedt begravelsen min. 13 Faktum er at over alt i verden der budskapet om meg blir gjort kjent, vil de også fortelle om dette som hun gjorde. På den måten vil alltid historien huske henne.”

Judas bestemmer seg for å forråde Jesus

14 Etter denne hendelsen gikk Judas Iskariot, en av Jesus sine tolv disipler, til øversteprestene 15 og spurte: ”Hvor mye vil dere betale meg dersom jeg overgir Jesus til dere?” Øversteprestene ga ham da 30 sølvmynter. 16 Fra da av søkte Judas etter en passende anledning til å forråde Jesus.

Disiplene forbereder påskemåltidet

17 På den første dagen i påskehøytiden[c] kom disiplene og spurte Jesus: ”Hvor vil du at vi skal ordne med påskemåltidet?”

18 Jesus svarte: ”Gå inn i Jerusalem og let opp en spesiell mann og si til ham: ’Vår Mester sier: Den tiden Gud har bestemt for meg, har nå kommet. Nå vil jeg spise påskemåltidet i ditt hus sammen med disiplene mine.’ ” 19 Disiplene hans gjorde da som han hadde sagt, og ordnet med påskemåltidet der.

Jesus og disiplene spiser det siste måltidet

20 Da kvelden kom, slo Jesus og disiplene hans seg ned ved bordet. 21 Mens de spiste, sa han: ”Jeg skal si som sannheten er: En av dere kommer til å forråde meg.”

22 Da ble de svært bedrøvet, og en etter en spurte de: ”Det er vel ikke jeg, Herre?”

23 Han svarte: ”Den som dypper sitt brød i fatet sammen med meg, han er det.[d] 24 For jeg, Menneskesønnen[e], må dø, akkurat som Gud har forutsagt i Skriften[f]. Men ulykken skal ramme det menneske som forråder meg. Det hadde vært bedre for den personen om han aldri var blitt født.”

25 Da spurte Judas, han som skulle forråde ham: ”Mester, det er vel ikke meg du mener?” Jesus svarte: ”Du har selv sagt det.”

26 Mens de spiste, tok Jesus et brød, takket Gud for det, brøt det i biter, ga det til disiplene og sa: ”Ta dette og spis, for dette er kroppen min.” 27 Etterpå tok han et beger vin, takket Gud, ga begeret til dem og sa: ”Drikk av dette alle sammen, 28 for dette er blodet mitt, som bekrefter den nye pakten mellom Gud og mennesker. Mitt blod skal bli ofret slik at mange kan få tilgivelse for syndene sine. 29 Jeg forsikrer dere at fra og med nå av skal jeg ikke drikke vin igjen, før den dagen min Far i himmelen regjerer, og jeg drikker den nye vinen i hans kommende verden.[g]”

Jesus forutsier at Peter skal fornekte ham

30 Da de til slutt hadde sunget lovsangen[h] sammen, gikk de ut til Oljeberget.

31 Der sa Jesus til dem: ”I natt kommer dere alle til å forlate meg, for Gud sier i Skriften[i]:

’Jeg skal drepe gjeteren,
    og sauene i flokken skal bli spredd.’[j]

32 Men når jeg har stått opp fra de døde, skal jeg gå foran dere til Galilea og treffe dere der.”

33 Peter innvendte og sa: ”Selv om alle andre forlater deg, så skal aldri jeg gjøre det.” 34 Men Jesus sa til ham: ”Jeg forsikrer deg, allerede før hanen rekker å gale i morgen tidlig, skal du tre ganger ha fornektet at du kjenner meg.”

35 Da sa Peter: ”Om jeg så må dø med deg, skal jeg aldri fornekte deg!” Og alle de andre disiplene sa det samme.

Jesus ber i Getsemane

36 Deretter gikk Jesus med disiplene til et sted som ble kalt Getsemane. Der sa han til dem: ”Sett dere her mens jeg går et stykke bort og ber.” 37 Han tok bare med seg Peter og Sebedeus sine to sønner, som het Jakob og Johannes.

Jesus ble nå grepet av fortvilelse og dødsangst. 38 Han sa til dem: ”Jeg er nær ved å bryte sammen av fortvilelse. Bli her og våk sammen med meg.” 39 Så gikk han litt lengre bort, kastet seg ned på jorden og ba: ”Far i himmelen, om det er mulig, så la meg slippe de lidelsene som venter. Men la det bli som du vil, ikke som jeg vil.”

40 Etter en tid gikk han tilbake til sine tre disipler og fant dem sovende. Da sa han til Peter: ”Klarte dere ikke å holde dere våkne en eneste time for min skyld? 41 Våk og be, så ikke fristelsene skal vinne seier over dere. Dere vil så gjerne, men menneskelig begrensning gjør det vanskelig for dere.”

42 Så gikk han fra dem og ba samme bønnen for andre gangen: ”Far i himmelen, dersom det er mulig, så la meg slippe lidelsene som venter, men la din vilje skje, ikke min.”

43 Da han kom tilbake til disiplene, så han at de igjen hadde sovnet. Det var umulig for dem å holde øynene åpne. 44 Han lot de derfor være, gikk bort og ba for tredje gangen med de samme ordene.

45 Så gikk han tilbake til disiplene og sa: ”Ja, dere sover og hviler dere fortsatt. Men nå har tidspunktet kommet som Gud har bestemt at jeg, Menneskesønnen[k], skal bli utlevert til onde mennesker. 46 Reis dere opp, nå går vi herfra! Her kommer han som skal forråde meg.”

Jesus blir forrådt og arrestert

47 Mens Jesus snakket, kom Judas, en av Jesu disipler, sammen med en stor flokk menn som var bevæpnet med sverd og køller. De var sendt ut av øversteprestene og folkets ledere. 48 Forræderen hadde kommet overens med dem om et tegn og sagt: ”Den mannen som jeg hilser med et kyss, han er det, han skal dere fange.” 49 Judas gikk rett bort til Jesus og sa: ”God kveld, Mester!” og ga ham et velkomstkyss.

50 Jesus svarte: ”Min venn, gjør det du har kommet for å gjøre.” Og straks stormet de andre fram og grep Jesus og holdt ham fast.

51 En av de mennene som var med Jesus, trakk da sverdet sitt og hogg øret av tjeneren til øverstepresten. 52 Men Jesus sa til ham: ”Stikk sverdet tilbake i sliren. De som bruker vold, kommer selv til å falle som offer for vold. 53 Innser du ikke at jeg kunne be min Far i himmelen om å sende mer enn tolv armeer med engler for å beskytte oss, og han ville straks gjøre det? 54 Men hvordan skulle det som Gud har forutsagt i Skriften[l] da kunne bli virkelighet? Han har jo sagt at alt dette må skje.”

55 Så vendte Jesus seg til flokken og sa: ”Er jeg en så farlig forbryter at dere er tvunget til å bevæpne dere med sverd og køller for å fange meg? Hvorfor arresterte dere meg ikke på tempelplassen? Hver dag satt jeg der og underviste uten at dere grep meg. 56 Men alt dette har skjedd for at det som Gud har forutsagt i skriftene til profetene,[m] skal bli virkelighet.[n]”

I samme øyeblikket løp alle disiplene fra ham og flyktet.

Jesus blir forhørt av Det jødiske rådet

57-58 De som hadde arrestert Jesus, førte ham nå til øverstepresten Kaifas sitt palass. Der hadde de skriftlærde[o] og folkets ledere samlet seg. Peter fulgte etter på avstand og klarte å ta seg helt inn på gårdsplassen. Han slo seg ned sammen med tjenerne for å se hva som skjedde med Jesus.

59 Inne i huset forsøkte øversteprestene og hele Det jødiske rådet[p] å finne falske vitneforklaringer som kunne felle Jesus og holde som bevis for å få ham dømt til døden. 60-61 Til tross for at det var det mange som var villige til å vitne falskt, kunne de ikke finne noe å anklage ham for.

Til slutt presterte to menn å fortelle: ”Vi har hørt denne mannen si: ’Jeg kan rive ned Guds tempel og bygge det opp igjen på tre dager.’ ”

62 Da reiste øverstepresten seg og sa til Jesus: ”Vil du ikke svare? Har du sagt dette eller ikke?” 63 Men Jesus tidde.

Da sa øverstepresten: ”Innfor den levende Gud krever jeg at du snakker ut med oss om du er Messias, den lovede kongen, Guds sønn.”

64 Jesus svarte: ”Det er du selv som kaller meg dette. Men jeg forsikrer dere at etter dette skal dere få se meg, Menneskesønnen[q], sitte på Guds høyre side og regjere, og dere skal få se meg komme på himmelens skyer.[r]”

65 Da slet øverstepresten i stykker klærne sine og ropte: ”Han har spottet Gud! Vi trenger ingen flere vitner. Dere har selv hørt ham spotte. 66 Hvilken dom skal han få?”

De ropte tilbake: ”Han må dø!”

67 De begynte å spytte Jesus i ansiktet og slo ham med knyttede never. Noen ga ham også ørefiker og sa: 68 ”Du som er Messias, den lovede kongen, vis nå at du er en profet. Avslør med Guds hjelp hvem av oss som slo deg.”

Peter fornekter at han kjenner Jesus

69 Mens alt dette pågikk, satt Peter ute på gårdsplassen. En tjenestejente kom da bort til han og sa: ”Du var vel også sammen med denne Jesus fra Galilea!” 70 Peter protesterte for alle og sa: ”Jeg vet ikke en gang hva du prater om.”

71 Så gikk han ut i porten. Der fikk en annen tjenestejente øye på han. ”Denne mannen var sammen med Jesus fra Nasaret”, sa hun til dem som sto rundt dem. 72 Peter nektet igjen, ja, han til og med bannet og sa: ”Jeg kjenner ikke denne mannen.”

73 Etter en stund kom noen bort til ham og sa: ”Vi vet at du er en av disiplene. Det kan vi høre på dialekten din, du må jo komme fra Galilea.” 74 Peter bannet igjen og forsikret dyrt og hellig: ”Jeg kjenner ikke denne mannen.” I samme øyeblikk gol hanen.

75 Plutselig kom Peter til å huske på det Jesus hadde sagt: ”Før hanen galer har du fornektet meg tre ganger.” Og han gikk ut og gråt i bitter fortvilelse.

Footnotes

  1. 26:2 ”Påske” kommer fra hebraisk ”pésach” eller ”pasách” som betyr ”gå forbi” eller ”skåne”. Jødene sin påske feires til minne om hvordan Gud reddet dem ut av slaveriet i Egypt. Se Andre Mosebok 12:1-27.
  2. 26:2 ”Menneskesønnen” er et hebraisk ord for å si ”av mennesker”. Det var en tittel på Messias, den lovede kongen, hentet fra Daniel 7:13-14.
  3. 26:17 I grunnteksten: De usyrede brøds høytid. Jødene spiser under påskeuken bare brød som har blitt bakt uten gjær.
  4. 26:23 Se Salmenes bok 41:10.
  5. 26:24 ”Menneskesønnen” er et hebraisk ord for å si ”av mennesker”. Det var en tittel på Messias, den lovede kongen, hentet fra Daniel 7:13-14.
  6. 26:24 ”Skriften” for jødene er Bibelens første del, den som vi kaller Det gamle testamente.
  7. 26:29 På gresk: når jeg drikker den nye vinen med dere i min Fars rike.
  8. 26:30 Ved slutten av påskemåltidet sang de alltid Salmenes bok 115–118.
  9. 26:31 ”Skriften” for jødene er Bibelens første del, den som vi kaller Det gamle testamente.
  10. 26:31 Se Sakarja 13:7.
  11. 26:45 ”Menneskesønnen” er et hebraisk ord for å si ”av mennesker”. Det var en tittel på Messias, den lovede kongen, hentet fra Daniel 7:13-14.
  12. 26:54 ”Skriften” for jødene er Bibelens første del, den som vi kaller Det gamle testamente.
  13. 26:56 Profetenes skrifter finnes i Bibelens første del, den som vi kaller Det gamle testamente.
  14. 26:56 Se Sakarja 13:7.
  15. 26:57-58 Fariseerne var eksperter på loven, som er et annet navn for hele den jødiske Skriften, det vil si Bibelens første del, den som vi kaller Det gamle testamente.
  16. 26:59 Det jødiske rådet hadde omkring 70 medlemmer, og besto av alle de religiøse og politiske lederne i Israel. Rådet fungerte under den romerske okkupasjonen som domstol, men hadde også rett til å bestemme i enkelte politiske spørsmål.
  17. 26:64 ”Menneskesønnen” er et hebraisk ord for å si ”av mennesker”. Det var en tittel på Messias, den lovede kongen, hentet fra Daniel 7:13-14.
  18. 26:64 Se Salmenes bok 110:1 og Daniel 7:13. Den som sitter på Guds høyre side deler hans makt og regjerer sammen med ham.
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Matthew 26
New English Translation

The Plot Against Jesus

26 When[a] Jesus had finished saying all these things, he told his disciples, 2 “You know that after two days the Passover is coming, and the Son of Man will be handed over[b] to be crucified.”[c] 3 Then the chief priests and the elders of the people met together in the palace of the high priest, who was named Caiaphas. 4 They[d] planned to arrest Jesus by stealth and kill him. 5 But they said, “Not during the feast, so that there won’t be a riot among the people.”[e]

Jesus’ Anointing

6 Now while Jesus was in Bethany at the house of Simon the leper,[f] 7 a woman came to him with an alabaster jar[g] of expensive perfumed oil,[h] and she poured it on his head as he was at the table.[i] 8 When[j] the disciples saw this, they became indignant and said, “Why this waste? 9 It[k] could have been sold at a high price and the money[l] given to the poor!” 10 When[m] Jesus learned of this, he said to them, “Why are you bothering this woman? She[n] has done a good service for me. 11 For you will always have the poor with you, but you will not always have me![o] 12 When[p] she poured this oil on my body, she did it to prepare me for burial. 13 I tell you the truth,[q] wherever this gospel is proclaimed in the whole world, what she has done will also be told in memory of her.”

The Plan to Betray Jesus

14 Then one of the twelve, the one named Judas Iscariot, went to the chief priests 15 and said, “What will you give me to betray him into your hands?”[r] So they set out thirty silver coins for him. 16 From that time[s] on, Judas[t] began looking for an opportunity to betray him.

The Passover

17 Now on the first day of the feast of[u] Unleavened Bread the disciples came to Jesus and said,[v] “Where do you want us to prepare for you to eat the Passover?”[w] 18 He[x] said, “Go into the city to a certain man and tell him, ‘The Teacher says, “My time is near. I will observe the Passover with my disciples at your house.”’” 19 So[y] the disciples did as Jesus had instructed them, and they prepared the Passover. 20 When[z] it was evening, he took his place at the table[aa] with the twelve.[ab] 21 And while they were eating he said, “I tell you the truth,[ac] one of you will betray me.”[ad] 22 They[ae] became greatly distressed[af] and each one began to say to him, “Surely not I, Lord?” 23 He[ag] answered, “The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me[ah] will betray me. 24 The Son of Man will go as it is written about him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for him if he had never been born.” 25 Then[ai] Judas, the one who would betray him, said, “Surely not I, Rabbi?” Jesus[aj] replied, “You have said it yourself.”

The Lord’s Supper

26 While[ak] they were eating, Jesus took bread, and after giving thanks he broke it, gave it to his disciples, and said, “Take, eat, this is my body.” 27 And after taking the cup and giving thanks, he gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you, 28 for this is my blood, the blood[al] of the covenant,[am] that is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. 29 I[an] tell you, from now on I will not drink of this fruit[ao] of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom.” 30 After[ap] singing a hymn,[aq] they went out to the Mount of Olives.

The Prediction of Peter’s Denial

31 Then Jesus said to them, “This night you will all fall away because of me, for it is written:

‘I will strike the shepherd,
and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’[ar]

32 But after I am raised, I will go ahead of you into Galilee.” 33 Peter[as] said to him, “If they all fall away because of you, I will never fall away!” 34 Jesus said to him, “I tell you the truth,[at] on this night, before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” 35 Peter said to him, “Even if I must die with you, I will never deny you.” And all the disciples said the same thing.

Gethsemane

36 Then Jesus went with them to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to the disciples, “Sit here while I go over there and pray.” 37 He took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and became anguished and distressed. 38 Then he said to them, “My soul is deeply grieved, even to the point of death. Remain here and stay awake with me.” 39 Going a little farther, he threw himself down with his face to the ground and prayed,[au] “My Father, if possible,[av] let this cup[aw] pass from me! Yet not what I will, but what you will.” 40 Then he came to the disciples and found them sleeping. He[ax] said to Peter, “So, couldn’t you stay awake with me for one hour? 41 Stay awake and pray that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.” 42 He went away a second time and prayed,[ay] “My Father, if this cup[az] cannot be taken away unless I drink it, your will must be done.” 43 He came again and found them sleeping; they could not keep their eyes open.[ba] 44 So leaving them again, he went away and prayed for the third time, saying the same thing once more. 45 Then he came to the disciples and said to them, “Are you still sleeping and resting? Look, the hour is approaching, and the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. 46 Get up, let us go. Look! My betrayer[bb] is approaching!”

Betrayal and Arrest

47 While he was still speaking, Judas,[bc] one of the twelve, arrived. With him was a large crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent by the chief priests and elders of the people. 48 (Now the betrayer[bd] had given them a sign, saying, “The one I kiss is the man.[be] Arrest him!”)[bf] 49 Immediately[bg] he went up to Jesus and said, “Greetings, Rabbi,” and kissed him.[bh] 50 Jesus[bi] said to him, “Friend, do what you are here to do.” Then they came and took hold[bj] of Jesus and arrested him. 51 But[bk] one of those with Jesus grabbed[bl] his sword, drew it out, and struck the high priest’s slave,[bm] cutting off his ear. 52 Then Jesus said to him, “Put your sword back in its place![bn] For all who take hold of the sword will die by the sword. 53 Or do you think that I cannot call on my Father, and that he would send me more than twelve legions[bo] of angels right now? 54 How then would the scriptures that say it must happen this way be fulfilled?” 55 At that moment Jesus said to the crowd, “Have you come out with swords and clubs to arrest me like you would an outlaw?[bp] Day after day I sat teaching in the temple courts, yet[bq] you did not arrest me. 56 But this has happened so that the scriptures of the prophets would be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left him and fled.

Condemned by the Sanhedrin

57 Now the ones who had arrested Jesus led him to Caiaphas, the high priest, in whose house[br] the experts in the law[bs] and the elders had gathered. 58 But Peter was following him from a distance, all the way to the high priest’s courtyard. After[bt] going in, he sat with the guards[bu] to see the outcome. 59 The[bv] chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were trying to find false testimony against Jesus so that they could put him to death. 60 But they did not find anything, though many false witnesses came forward. Finally[bw] two came forward 61 and declared, “This man[bx] said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.’” 62 So[by] the high priest stood up and said to him, “Have you no answer? What is this that they are testifying against you?” 63 But Jesus was silent. The[bz] high priest said to him, “I charge you under oath by the living God, tell us if you are the Christ,[ca] the Son of God.” 64 Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand[cb] of the Power[cc] and coming on the clouds of heaven.”[cd] 65 Then the high priest tore his clothes and declared,[ce] “He has blasphemed! Why do we still need witnesses? Now[cf] you have heard the blasphemy! 66 What is your verdict?”[cg] They[ch] answered, “He is guilty and deserves[ci] death.” 67 Then they spat in his face and struck him with their fists. And some slapped him, 68 saying, “Prophesy for us, you Christ![cj] Who hit you?”[ck]

Peter’s Denials

69 Now Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard. A[cl] slave girl[cm] came to him and said, “You also were with Jesus the Galilean.” 70 But he denied it in front of them all:[cn] “I don’t know what you’re talking about!” 71 When[co] he went out to the gateway, another slave girl[cp] saw him and said to the people there, “This man was with Jesus the Nazarene.” 72 He denied it again with an oath, “I do not know the man!” 73 After[cq] a little while, those standing there came up to Peter and said, “You really are one of them too—even your accent[cr] gives you away!” 74 At that he began to curse, and he swore with an oath, “I do not know the man!” At that moment a rooster crowed.[cs] 75 Then Peter remembered what Jesus had said: “Before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” And he went outside and wept bitterly.[ct]

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 26:1 tn Grk “And it happened when.” The introductory phrase καὶ ἐγένετο (kai egeneto, “it happened that”) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  2. Matthew 26:2 tn Or “will be delivered up.”
  3. Matthew 26:2 sn See the note on crucified in 20:19.
  4. Matthew 26:4 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  5. Matthew 26:5 sn The suggestion here is that Jesus was too popular to openly arrest him.
  6. Matthew 26:6 sn See the note on leper in Matt 8:2.
  7. Matthew 26:7 sn A jar made of alabaster stone was normally used for very precious substances like perfumes. It normally had a long neck which was sealed and had to be broken off so the contents could be used.
  8. Matthew 26:7 tn Μύρον (muron) was usually made of myrrh (from which the English word is derived) but here it is used in the sense of ointment or perfumed oil (L&N 6.205).sn Mark specifies that the perfumed oil was Nard or spikenard, which is a fragrant oil from the root and spike of the nard plant of northern India (Mark 14:3). This perfumed oil, if made of something like nard, would have been extremely expensive, costing up to a year’s pay for an average laborer.
  9. Matthew 26:7 tn Grk “as he was reclining.”sn 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away.
  10. Matthew 26:8 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  11. Matthew 26:9 tn Here γάρ (gar) has not been translated.
  12. Matthew 26:9 tn The words “the money” are not in the Greek text, but are implied (as the proceeds from the sale of the perfumed oil).
  13. Matthew 26:10 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  14. Matthew 26:10 tn Grk “For she.” Here γάρ (gar) has not been translated.
  15. Matthew 26:11 tn In the Greek text of this clause, “me” is in emphatic position (the first word in the clause). To convey some impression of the emphasis, an exclamation point is used in the translation.
  16. Matthew 26:12 tn Grk “For when.” Here γάρ (gar) has not been translated.
  17. Matthew 26:13 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amēn), I say to you.”
  18. Matthew 26:15 tn Grk “What will you give to me, and I will deliver him over to you?”
  19. Matthew 26:16 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  20. Matthew 26:16 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Judas) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  21. Matthew 26:17 tn The words “the feast of” are not in the Greek text, but have been supplied for clarity.
  22. Matthew 26:17 tn Grk “the disciples came to Jesus, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) has been translated as a finite verb to make the sequence of events clear in English.
  23. Matthew 26:17 sn This required getting a suitable lamb and finding lodging in Jerusalem where the meal could be eaten. The population of the city swelled during the feast, so lodging could be difficult to find. The Passover was celebrated each year in commemoration of the Israelites’ deliverance from Egypt; thus it was a feast celebrating redemption (see Exod 12). The Passover lamb was roasted and eaten after sunset in a family group of at least ten people (m. Pesahim 7.13). People ate the meal while reclining (see the note on table in 26:20). It included, besides the lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs as a reminder of Israel’s bitter affliction at the hands of the Egyptians. Four cups of wine mixed with water were also used for the meal. For a further description of the meal and the significance of the wine cups, see E. Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity, 523-24.
  24. Matthew 26:18 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  25. Matthew 26:19 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
  26. Matthew 26:20 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  27. Matthew 26:20 tn Grk “he was reclining at table,” as 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away.
  28. Matthew 26:20 tc Many witnesses, some of them quite significant, have μαθητῶν (mathētōn, “disciples”; א A L W Δ Θ 33 892 1241 1424 pm lat) or μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ (mathētōn autou, “his disciples”; 0281 it) after δώδεκα (dōdeka, “twelve”). However, such clarifications are typical scribal expansions to the text. Further, the shorter reading (the one that ends with δώδεκα) has strong support in P37vid,45vid B D K Γ ƒ1,13 565 579 700 pm. Thus both internally and externally the reading that ends the verse with “the twelve” is to be preferred.
  29. Matthew 26:21 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amēn), I say to you.”
  30. Matthew 26:21 tn Or “will hand me over.”
  31. Matthew 26:22 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  32. Matthew 26:22 tn The participle λυπούμενοι (lupoumenoi) has been translated as a finite verb to make the sequence of events clear in English.
  33. Matthew 26:23 tn Grk “answering, he said.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  34. Matthew 26:23 sn The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me. The point of Jesus’ comment here is not to identify the specific individual per se, but to indicate that it is one who was close to him—somebody whom no one would suspect. His comment serves to heighten the treachery of Judas’ betrayal.
  35. Matthew 26:25 tn Grk “answering, Judas.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to reflect the sequence of events in the narrative.
  36. Matthew 26:25 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  37. Matthew 26:26 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  38. Matthew 26:28 tn Grk “for this is my blood of the covenant that is poured out for many.” In order to avoid confusion about which is poured out, the translation supplies “blood” twice so that the following phrase clearly modifies “blood,” not “covenant.”
  39. Matthew 26:28 tc Most witnesses, including several significant ones, read καινῆς (kainēs, “new”) here. Homoioteleuton is a possible reason for the omission, since the article, adjective, and noun are all first declension genitive singulars (τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης, tēs kainēs diathēkēs, “the new covenant”), but the likelihood of excellent, early, and sufficiently diverse witnesses all making the same mistake is remote. A much more probable scenario is that the addition of καινῆς was motivated by the parallel in Luke 22:20. It is a natural expansion on the text. Coupled with the fact that the shorter reading is found in such good and diverse witnesses (e.g., P37,45vid א B L Z Θ 0298vid 33 mae), it most likely is the initial text.sn Jesus’ death established the forgiveness promised in the new covenant of Jer 31:31. Jesus is reinterpreting the symbolism of the Passover meal, indicating the presence of a new era.
  40. Matthew 26:29 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  41. Matthew 26:29 tn Grk “produce” (“the produce of the vine” is a figurative expression for wine).
  42. Matthew 26:30 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  43. Matthew 26:30 sn After singing a hymn. The Hallel Psalms (Pss 113-118) were sung during the meal. Psalms 113 and 114 were sung just before the second cup and 115-118 were sung at the end of the meal, after the fourth, or hallel cup.
  44. Matthew 26:31 sn A quotation from Zech 13:7.
  45. Matthew 26:33 tn Grk “answering, Peter said to him.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  46. Matthew 26:34 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amēn), I say to you.”
  47. Matthew 26:39 tn Grk “ground, praying and saying.” Here the participle λέγων (legōn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  48. Matthew 26:39 tn Grk “if it is possible.”
  49. Matthew 26:39 sn This cup alludes to the wrath of God that Jesus would experience (in the form of suffering and death) for us. See Pss 11:6; 75:8-9; Isa 51:17, 19, 22 for this figure.
  50. Matthew 26:40 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  51. Matthew 26:42 tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγων (legōn) is redundant here in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  52. Matthew 26:42 tn Grk “this”; the referent (the cup) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  53. Matthew 26:43 tn Grk “because their eyes were weighed down,” an idiom for becoming extremely or excessively sleepy (L&N 23.69).
  54. Matthew 26:46 tn Grk “the one who betrays me.”
  55. Matthew 26:47 tn Grk “behold, Judas.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
  56. Matthew 26:48 tn Grk “the one who betrays him.”
  57. Matthew 26:48 tn Grk “The one I kiss is he.”
  58. Matthew 26:48 sn This remark is parenthetical within the narrative and has thus been placed in parentheses.
  59. Matthew 26:49 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  60. Matthew 26:49 sn Judas’ act of betrayal when he kissed Jesus is especially sinister when it is realized that it was common in the culture of the times for a disciple to kiss his master when greeting him.
  61. Matthew 26:50 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  62. Matthew 26:50 tn Grk “and put their hands on Jesus.”
  63. Matthew 26:51 tn Grk “And behold one.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
  64. Matthew 26:51 tn Grk “extending his hand, drew out his sword, and struck.” Because rapid motion is implied in the circumstances, the translation “grabbed” was used.
  65. Matthew 26:51 tn See the note on the word “slave” in 8:9.
  66. Matthew 26:52 tn The translation “put your sword back in its place” for this phrase is given in L&N 85.52.
  67. Matthew 26:53 sn A legion was a Roman army unit of about 6,000 soldiers, so twelve legions would be 72,000.
  68. Matthew 26:55 tn Or “a revolutionary.” This term can refer to one who stirs up rebellion: BDAG 594 s.v. λῃστής 2 has “revolutionary, insurrectionist, guerrilla” citing evidence from Josephus (J. W. 2.13.2-3 [2.253-254]). However, this usage generally postdates Jesus’ time. It does refer to a figure of violence. Luke uses the same term for the highwaymen who attack the traveler in the parable of the good Samaritan (Luke 10:30).
  69. Matthew 26:55 tn Grk “and” (καί, kai), a conjunction that is elastic enough to be used to indicate a contrast, as here.
  70. Matthew 26:57 tn Grk “where.”
  71. Matthew 26:57 tn Or “where the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4.
  72. Matthew 26:58 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  73. Matthew 26:58 sn The guards would have been the guards of the chief priests who had accompanied Judas to arrest Jesus.
  74. Matthew 26:59 tn Grk “Now the.” Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  75. Matthew 26:60 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  76. Matthew 26:61 tn Grk “This one.”
  77. Matthew 26:62 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the false testimony.
  78. Matthew 26:63 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  79. Matthew 26:63 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”sn See the note on Christ in 1:16.
  80. Matthew 26:64 sn An allusion to Ps 110:1. This is a claim that Jesus shares authority with God in heaven. Those present may have thought they were his judges, but, in fact, the reverse was true.
  81. Matthew 26:64 sn The expression the Power is a circumlocution for referring to God. Such indirect references to God were common in 1st century Judaism out of reverence for the divine name.
  82. Matthew 26:64 sn An allusion to Dan 7:13 (see also Matt 24:30).
  83. Matthew 26:65 tn Grk “the high priest tore his clothes, saying.”
  84. Matthew 26:65 tn Grk “Behold now.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
  85. Matthew 26:66 tn Grk “What do you think?”
  86. Matthew 26:66 tn Grk “answering, they said.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  87. Matthew 26:66 tn Grk “he is guilty of death.” L&N 88.313 states, “pertaining to being guilty and thus deserving some particular penalty—‘guilty and deserving, guilty and punishable by.’ οἱ δὲ ἀποκριθέντες εἶπαν, ᾿Ενοχος θανάτου ἐστίν ‘they answered, He is guilty and deserves death’ Mt 26:66.”
  88. Matthew 26:68 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”sn See the note on Christ in 1:16.
  89. Matthew 26:68 tn Grk “Who is the one who hit you?”sn Who hit you? This is a variation of one of three ancient games that involved blindfolds.
  90. Matthew 26:69 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  91. Matthew 26:69 tn The Greek term here is παιδίσκη (paidiskē), referring to a slave girl or slave woman.
  92. Matthew 26:70 tn Grk “he denied it…saying.” The participle λέγων (legōn) is redundant in English and has not been translated.
  93. Matthew 26:71 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  94. Matthew 26:71 tn The words “slave girl” are not in the Greek text, but are implied by the feminine singular form ἄλλη (allē).
  95. Matthew 26:73 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  96. Matthew 26:73 tn Grk “your speech.”
  97. Matthew 26:74 tn It seems most likely that this refers to a real rooster crowing, although a number of scholars have suggested that “cockcrow” is a technical term referring to the trumpet call which ended the third watch of the night (from midnight to 3 a.m.). This would then be a reference to the Roman gallicinium (ἀλεκτοροφωνία, alektorophōnia; the term is used in Mark 13:35 and is found in some mss [P37vid,45 ƒ1] in Matt 26:34) which would have been sounded at 3 a.m.; in this case Jesus would have prophesied a precise time by which the denials would have taken place. For more details see J. H. Bernard, St. John (ICC), 2:604. However, in light of the fact that Mark mentions the rooster crowing twice (Mark 14:72) and in Luke 22:60 the words are reversed (ἐφώνησεν ἀλέκτωρ, ephōnēsen alektōr), it is more probable that a real rooster is in view. In any event natural cockcrow would have occurred at approximately 3 a.m. in Palestine at this time of year (March-April) anyway.
  98. Matthew 26:75 sn When Peter went out and wept bitterly it shows he really did not want to fail here and was deeply grieved that he had.
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