Mark 4
International Standard Version
The Parable about a Farmer(A)
4 Then Jesus[a] began to teach again beside the sea. Such a large crowd gathered around him that he got into a boat and sat in it,[b] while the entire crowd remained beside the sea on the shore. 2 He began teaching them many things in parables. While he was teaching them he said, 3 “Listen! A farmer went out to sow. 4 As he was sowing, some seeds fell along the path, and birds came and ate them up. 5 Others fell on stony ground, where they didn’t have a lot of soil. They sprouted at once, because the soil wasn’t deep. 6 But when the sun came up, they were scorched. Since they didn’t have any roots, they dried up. 7 Others fell among thorn bushes, and the thorn bushes came up and choked them out, and they didn’t produce anything. 8 But others fell on good soil and produced a crop. They grew up, increased in size, and produced 30, 60, or 100 times what was sown.”[c] 9 He added, “Let the person who has ears to hear, listen!”
The Purpose of the Parables(B)
10 When he was alone with the Twelve and those around him, they began to ask him about the parables. 11 He told them, “The secret about the kingdom of God has been given to you. But to those on the outside, everything comes in parables 12 so that
‘they may see clearly but not perceive,
and they may hear clearly but not understand,
otherwise they might turn around and be forgiven.’”[d]
Jesus Explains the Parable about the Farmer(C)
13 Then he told them, “You don’t understand this parable, so how can you understand any of the parables? 14 The farmer sows the word. 15 Some people are like the seeds[e] along the path, where the word is sown. When they hear it, Satan immediately comes and takes away the word that was sown in them. 16 Others are like the seeds[f] sown on the stony ground. When they hear the word, at once they joyfully accept it, 17 but since they don’t have any roots, they last for only a short time. When trouble or persecution comes along because of the word, they immediately fall away. 18 Still others are like the seeds[g] sown among the thorn bushes. These are the people who hear the word, 19 but the worries of life, the deceitful pleasures of wealth, and the desires for other things come in and choke the word so that it can’t produce a crop. 20 Others are like the seeds[h] sown on good soil. They hear the word, accept it, and produce crops—30, 60, or 100 times what was sown.”[i]
A Light under a Basket(D)
21 Then Jesus[j] told them, “A lamp isn’t brought indoors to be put under a basket or under a bed, is it? It’s to be put on a lamp stand, isn’t it? 22 Nothing is hidden except for the purpose of having it revealed, and nothing is secret except for the purpose of having it come to light. 23 If anyone has ears to hear, let him listen!
24 He went on to say to them, “Pay attention to what you’re hearing! You will be evaluated by the same standard with which you do your evaluating, and still more will be given to you, 25 because whoever has something, will have more given to him. But whoever has nothing, even what he has will be taken away.”
The Parable about a Growing Seed
26 He was also saying, “The kingdom of God is like a man who scatters seeds on the ground. 27 He sleeps and gets up night and day while the seeds sprout and grow, although he doesn’t know how 28 the ground produces grain by itself—first the stalk, then the head, then the full grain in the head. 29 But when the grain is ripe, he immediately starts cutting with his sickle because the harvest time has come.”
The Parable about a Mustard Seed(E)
30 He was also saying, “How can we show what the kingdom of God is like, or what parable can we use to describe it? 31 It’s like a mustard seed planted in the ground. Although it’s the smallest of[k] all the seeds on earth, 32 when it’s planted it comes up and becomes larger than all the garden plants. It grows such large branches that the birds in the sky can nest in its shade.”
Why Jesus Used Parables(F)
33 With many other parables like these, Jesus[l] kept speaking his message to them according to their ability to understand. 34 He did not tell them anything without using[m] a parable, though he explained everything to his disciples in private.
Jesus Calms the Sea(G)
35 That day, when evening had come, he told them, “Let’s cross to the other side.” 36 So they left the crowd and took him away in a boat without making any special preparations.[n] Other boats were with him. 37 A violent windstorm came up, and the waves began breaking into the boat, so that the boat was rapidly[o] becoming swamped.
38 But Jesus[p] was in the back of the boat, asleep on a cushion. So they woke him up and asked him, “Teacher, don’t you care that we’re going to die?”
39 Then he got up, rebuked the wind, and told the sea, “Calm down! Be still!” Then the wind stopped blowing, and there was a great calm. 40 He asked them, “Why are you such cowards? Don’t you have any faith yet?”
41 Overcome with fear, they kept saying to one another, “Who is this man? Even the wind and the sea obey him!”
Footnotes
- Mark 4:1 Lit. he
- Mark 4:1 Lit. on the sea
- Mark 4:8 The Gk. lacks what was sown
- Mark 4:12 Cf. Isa 6:9-10
- Mark 4:15 Lit. These are the ones
- Mark 4:16 Lit. These are the ones
- Mark 4:18 Lit. are those
- Mark 4:20 Lit. are those
- Mark 4:20 The Gk. lacks what was sown
- Mark 4:21 Lit. he
- Mark 4:31 Or smaller than
- Mark 4:33 Lit. he
- Mark 4:34 The Gk. lacks using
- Mark 4:36 Lit. boat just as he was
- Mark 4:37 Lit. already
- Mark 4:38 Lit. he
Mark 4
Maori Bible
4 Na ka timata ano ia te whakaako i te taha o te moana: he nui hoki te tangata i huihui ki a ia, no ka eke ia ki runga ki te kaipuke, ka noho ki te moana; i uta te mano katoa i te taha o te moana.
2 A he maha ana mea i whakaako ai ki a ratou, he mea whakarite, i mea hoki ki a ratou i a ia e ako ana,
3 Whakarongo; Na i haere atu te kairui ki te rui:
4 A, i a ia e rui ana, ka ngahoro etahi ki te taha o te ara, a, ko te rerenga mai o nga manu o te rangi, na kainga ake.
5 Ko etahi i ngahoro ki te wahi kamaka, ki te wahi kihai i nui te oneone; a pihi tonu ake, kahore hoki i hohonu te oneone.
6 A, no te whitinga o te ra, ngaua iho; a, no te mea kahore he putake, memenge noa iho.
7 Ko etahi i ngahoro ki roto ki nga tataramoa, a, no te tupunga ake o nga tataramoa, kowaowaotia ana nga purapura, a kore ake he hua.
8 Ko etahi i ngahoro ki te oneone pai, a whai hua ana; ka tupu, ka nui, ka ea ake, no etahi e toru tekau, no etahi e ono tekau, no etahi kotahi rau.
9 I mea ano ia ki a ratou, Ki te whai taringa tetahi hei whakarongo, kia rongo ia.
10 Na ka mahue ko ia anake, ka ui ki a ia ona hoa me te tekau ma rua ki taua kupu whakarite.
11 Ka mea ia ki a ratou, Kua hoatu ki a koutou te matauranga ki te mea ngaro o te rangatiratanga o te Atua: ki te hunga ia o waho e ra rototia ana nga mea katoa i te kupu whakarite:
12 Mo te titiro rawa atu ratou, na e kore e kite; rongo rawa, na e kore e matau; kei tahuri, a ka murua o ratou hara.
13 I mea ano ia ki a ratou, Kahore ranei koutou e matau ki tenei kupu whakarite? a me pehea ka matau ai koutou ki nga kupu whakarite katoa?
14 Ko te kairui e rui ana i te kupu.
15 Ko enei te hunga i te taha o te ara, i te wahi e ruia ana te kupu; i to ratou rongonga, na haere tonu mai a Hatana, kapohia ake te kupu i ruia ki o ratou ngakau.
16 Ko enei te hunga i te taha o te purapura i nga wahi kamaka; ko te hunga, i to ratou rongonga ai i te kupu, hohoro tonu te tango, hari tonu;
17 Na kahore o ratou pakiaka, ka whakapakari kau noa: heoi, i te panga o te whakapawera, o te whakatoi ranei mo te kupu, he tonu iho.
18 Na ko enei te hunga i nga purapura i roto i nga tataramoa; ko nga mea i rongo ki te kupu,
19 A, i te putanga o te whakaaro ki tenei ao, o te hangarau o nga taonga, o nga hiahia ki era atu mea, kowaowaotia iho te kupu, a kore ake he hua.
20 Na ko enei te hunga i nga purapura i te oneone pai: ko te hunga e rongo ana ki te kupu, a tango ana, a whai hua ana, o etahi e toru tekau, o etahi e ono tekau, o etahi kotahi rau.
21 I mea ano ia ki a ratou, Ko raro koia i te mehua whakatu ai i te rama, ina mauria mai, ko raro ranei i te moenga? he teka ianei me whakatu ki runga ki te turanga?
22 E kore hoki tetahi mea i huna e mahue te whakakite; kahore hoki tetahi mea i huna, engari kia puta ki te maramatanga.
23 Ki te mea he taringa o tetahi hei whakarongo, kia rongo ia.
24 I mea ano ia ki a ratou, Kia tupato ki ta koutou e rongo ai: ko te mehua hoki e mehua ai koutou, hei mehua ano tena ki a koutou: a ka tapiritia ano he mea ma koutou, ma nga kaiwhakarongo.
25 Ki te whai mea hoki tetahi, ka hoatu ano ki a ia: ki te kahore he mea a tetahi, ka tangohia i a ia ana ake.
26 I mea ano ia, I rite hoki te rangatiratanga o te rangi ki te tangata i maka e ia he purapura ki te oneone;
27 A ka moe, ka ara, i te po, i te ao, me te tupu ano tera te purapura, te matau ia na te aha.
28 E hua ana hoki te whenua i tona kaha ake ano; ko te rau ki mua, ko reira te puku, muri iho ko te witi pakari i roto i te puku.
29 Otira ka rite nga hua, hohoro tonu tana tuku atu i tana toronaihi, kua taea hoki te kotinga.
30 I mea ano ia, Me whakarite e tatou te rangatiratanga o te Atua ki te aha? he aha oti te kupu whakarite hei whakaahua atu ma tatou?
31 E rite ana ki te pua nani, i tona whakatokanga ki te whenua, ko te iti rawa ia o nga purapura katoa i runga i te whenua:
32 Otira, ka oti te whakato, ka tupu, ka nui ake i nga otaota katoa, a ka nunui ona manga: no ka noho nga manu o te rangi i tona taumarumarutanga iho.
33 Na he maha ana kupu whakarite pera, i korerotia ai e ia te kupu ki a ratou, ko a ratou i ahei ai te whakarongo.
34 A heoi ana kupu ki a ratou he kupu whakarite anake: otiia ka noho ko ratou anake, ka whakaaturia e ia nga mea katoa ki ana akonga.
35 Na, i taua ra, i te ahiahi, ka mea ia ki a ratou, Tatou ka whakawhiti ki tawahi.
36 Na, ka mahue iho te mano, ka mauria ia e ratou, i runga tonu ano ia i te kaipuke. I a ia ano etahi atu kaipuke.
37 Na ko te putanga o tetahi hau, he tupuhi, a eke ana nga ngaru ki runga ki te kaipuke, a tomo noa.
38 Na ko ia i te kei i runga i te urunga e moe ana: a ka whakaara ratou i a ia, ka mea ki a ia, E te Kaiwhakaako, kahore ou manawapa ki a tatou ka ngaro?
39 Na ka ara ia, a riria iho e ia te hau, ka mea ia ki te moana, Kati, whakamutua. Na mariri tonu iho te hau, takoto ana he marino nui.
40 Katahi ia ka mea ki a ratou, He aha ta koutou e mataku nei? he aha koutou te whakapono ai?
41 Na ka mataku whakaharahara ratou, ka mea tetahi ki tetahi, Ko wai tenei, ina ka rongo rawa te hau me te moana ki a ia?
Mark 4
New English Translation
The Parable of the Sower
4 Again he began to teach by the lake. Such a large crowd gathered around him that he got into a boat[a] on the lake and sat there while[b] the whole crowd was on the shore by the lake. 2 He taught them many things in parables,[c] and in his teaching said to them: 3 “Listen! A sower went out to sow.[d] 4 And as he sowed, some seed[e] fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it. 5 Other seed fell on rocky ground[f] where it did not have much soil. It sprang up at once because the soil was not deep.[g] 6 When the sun came up it was scorched, and because it did not have sufficient root,[h] it withered. 7 Other seed fell among the thorns,[i] and they grew up and choked it,[j] and it did not produce grain. 8 But[k] other seed fell on good soil and produced grain, sprouting and growing; some yielded thirty times as much, some sixty, and some a hundred times.” 9 And he said, “Whoever has ears to hear had better listen!”[l]
The Purpose of Parables
10 When he was alone, those around him with the twelve asked him about the parables. 11 He said to them, “The secret[m] of the kingdom of God[n] has been given[o] to you. But to those outside, everything is in parables,
12 so that although they look they may look but not see,
and although they hear they may hear but not understand,
so they may not repent and be forgiven.”[p]
13 He said to them, “Don’t you understand this parable? Then[q] how will you understand any parable? 14 The sower sows the word. 15 These are the ones on the path where the word is sown: Whenever they hear, immediately Satan[r] comes and snatches the word[s] that was sown in them. 16 These are the ones sown on rocky ground: As soon as they hear the word, they receive it with joy. 17 But[t] they have no root in themselves and do not endure.[u] Then, when trouble or persecution comes because of the word, immediately they fall away. 18 Others are the ones sown among thorns: They are those who hear the word, 19 but[v] worldly cares, the seductiveness of wealth,[w] and the desire for other things come in and choke the word,[x] and it produces nothing. 20 But[y] these are the ones sown on good soil: They hear the word and receive it and bear fruit, one thirty times as much, one sixty, and one a hundred.”
The Parable of the Lamp
21 He also said to them, “A lamp[z] isn’t brought to be put under a basket[aa] or under a bed, is it? Isn’t it to be placed on a lampstand? 22 For nothing is hidden except to be revealed,[ab] and nothing concealed except to be brought to light. 23 If anyone has ears to hear, he had better listen!”[ac] 24 And he said to them, “Take care about what you hear. The measure you use will be the measure you receive,[ad] and more will be added to you. 25 For whoever has will be given more, but[ae] whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken from him.”[af]
The Parable of the Growing Seed
26 He also said, “The kingdom of God[ag] is like someone who spreads seed on the ground. 27 He goes to sleep and gets up, night and day, and the seed sprouts and grows, though he does not know how. 28 By itself the soil produces a crop, first the stalk, then the head, then the full grain[ah] in the head. 29 And when the grain is ripe, he sends in the sickle[ai] because the harvest has come.”[aj]
The Parable of the Mustard Seed
30 He also asked, “To what can we compare the kingdom of God,[ak] or what parable can we use to present it? 31 It is like a mustard seed[al] that when sown in the ground, even though it is the smallest of all the seeds in the ground— 32 when it is sown, it grows up,[am] becomes the greatest of all garden plants, and grows large branches so that the wild birds[an] can nest in its shade.”[ao]
The Use of Parables
33 So[ap] with many parables like these, he spoke the word to them, as they were able to hear. 34 He did not speak to them without a parable. But privately he explained everything to his own disciples.
Stilling of a Storm
35 On that day, when evening came, Jesus[aq] said to his disciples, “Let’s go across to the other side of the lake.”[ar] 36 So[as] after leaving the crowd, they took him along, just as he was, in the boat,[at] and other boats were with him. 37 Now[au] a great windstorm[av] developed and the waves were breaking into the boat, so that the boat was nearly swamped. 38 But[aw] he was in the stern, sleeping on a cushion. They woke him up and said to him, “Teacher, don’t you care that we are about to die?” 39 So[ax] he got up and rebuked[ay] the wind, and said to the sea,[az] “Be quiet! Calm down!” Then[ba] the wind stopped, and it was dead calm. 40 And he said to them, “Why are you cowardly? Do you still not have faith?” 41 They were overwhelmed by fear and said to one another, “Who then is this?[bb] Even the wind and sea obey him!”[bc]
Footnotes
- Mark 4:1 sn See the note at Mark 1:19 for a description of the first-century fishing boat discovered in 1986 near Tiberias on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.
- Mark 4:1 tn Grk “and all the crowd.” The clause in this phrase, although coordinate in terms of grammar, is logically subordinate to the previous clause.
- Mark 4:2 sn Though parables can contain a variety of figures of speech (cf. 2:19-22; 3:23-25; 4:3-9, 26-32; 7:15-17; 13:28), many times they are simply stories that attempt to teach spiritual truth (which is unknown to the hearers) by using a comparison with something known to the hearers. In general, parables usually advance a single idea, though there may be many parts and characters in a single parable and subordinate ideas may expand the main idea further. The beauty of using the parable as a teaching device is that it draws the listener into the story, elicits an evaluation, and demands a response.
- Mark 4:3 sn A sower went out to sow. The background for this well-known parable, drawn from a typical scene in the Palestinian countryside, is a field through which a well worn path runs. Sowing would occur in late fall or early winter (October to December) in the rainy season, looking for sprouting in April or May and a June harvest. The use of seed as a figure for God’s giving life has OT roots (Isa 55:10-11). The point of the parable of the sower is to illustrate the various responses to the message of the kingdom of God (cf. 4:11).
- Mark 4:4 tn Mark’s version of the parable, like Luke’s (cf. Luke 8:4-8), uses the collective singular to refer to the seed throughout, so singular pronouns have been used consistently throughout this parable in the English translation. However, the parallel account in Matt 13:1-9 begins with plural pronouns in v. 4 but then switches to the collective singular in v. 5 ff.
- Mark 4:5 sn The rocky ground in Palestine would be a limestone base lying right under the soil.
- Mark 4:5 tn Grk “it had no depth of earth.”
- Mark 4:6 tn Grk “it did not have root.”
- Mark 4:7 sn Palestinian weeds like these thorns could grow up to 6 feet in height and have a major root system.
- Mark 4:7 sn That is, crowded out the good plants.
- Mark 4:8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in the final stage of the parable.
- Mark 4:9 tn The translation “had better listen!” captures the force of the third person imperative more effectively than the traditional “let him hear,” which sounds more like a permissive than an imperative to the modern English reader. This was Jesus’ common expression to listen and heed carefully (cf. Matt 11:15; 13:9, 43; Mark 4:23; Luke 8:8; 14:35).
- Mark 4:11 tn Grk “the mystery.”sn The key term secret (μυστήριον, mustērion) can mean either (1) a new revelation or (2) a revealing interpretation of existing revelation as in Dan 2:17-23, 27-30. Jesus seems to be explaining how current events develop old promises, since the NT consistently links the events of Jesus’ ministry and message with old promises (Rom 1:1-4; Heb 1:1-2). The traditional translation of this word, “mystery,” is misleading to the modern English reader because it suggests a secret which people have tried to uncover but which they have failed to understand (L&N 28.77).
- Mark 4:11 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. The nature of the kingdom of God in the NT and in Jesus’ teaching has long been debated by interpreters and scholars, with discussion primarily centering around the nature of the kingdom (earthly, heavenly, or both) and the kingdom’s arrival (present, future, or both). An additional major issue concerns the relationship between the kingdom of God and the person and work of Jesus himself.
- Mark 4:11 tn This is an example of a “divine passive,” with God understood to be the source of the revelation (see ExSyn 437-38).
- Mark 4:12 sn A quotation from Isa 6:9-10. Thus parables both conceal or reveal depending on whether one is open to hearing what they teach.
- Mark 4:13 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
- Mark 4:15 sn Interestingly, the synoptic parallels each use a different word for Satan here: Matt 13:19 has “the evil one,” while Luke 8:12 has “the devil.” This illustrates the fluidity of the gospel tradition in often using synonyms at the same point of the parallel tradition.
- Mark 4:15 sn The word of Jesus has the potential to save if it germinates in a person’s heart, something the devil is very much against.
- Mark 4:17 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
- Mark 4:17 tn Grk “are temporary.”
- Mark 4:19 tn Grk “and.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
- Mark 4:19 tn Grk “the deceitfulness of riches.” Cf. BDAG 99 s.v. ἀπάτη 1, “the seduction which comes from wealth.”
- Mark 4:19 sn That is, their concern for spiritual things is crowded out by material things.
- Mark 4:20 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
- Mark 4:21 sn The lamp is probably an ancient oil burning lamp or perhaps a candlestick. Jesus is comparing revelation to light, particularly the revelation of his ministry.
- Mark 4:21 tn Or “a bowl”; this refers to any container for dry material of about eight liters (two gallons) capacity. It could be translated “basket, box, bowl” (L&N 6.151).
- Mark 4:22 tn Or “disclosed.”
- Mark 4:23 tn The translation “had better listen!” captures the force of the third person imperative more effectively than the traditional “let him hear,” which sounds more like a permissive than an imperative to the modern English reader. This was Jesus’ common expression to listen and heed carefully (cf. Matt 11:15; 13:9, 43; Mark 4:9; Luke 8:8; 14:35).
- Mark 4:24 tn Grk “by the measure with which you measure it will be measured to you.”
- Mark 4:25 tn Grk “and.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
- Mark 4:25 sn What he has will be taken from him. The meaning is that the one who accepts Jesus’ teaching concerning his person and the kingdom will receive a share in the kingdom now and even more in the future, but for the one who rejects Jesus’ words, the opportunity that that person presently possesses with respect to the kingdom will someday be taken away forever.
- Mark 4:26 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. The nature of the kingdom of God in the NT and in Jesus’ teaching has long been debated by interpreters and scholars, with discussion primarily centering around the nature of the kingdom (earthly, heavenly, or both) and the kingdom’s arrival (present, future, or both). An additional major issue concerns the relationship between the kingdom of God and the person and work of Jesus himself.
- Mark 4:28 tn KJV “corn” is the result of British English, in which “corn” refers to the main cereal crop of a district, wheat in England and oats in Scotland (British English uses “maize” to refer to American corn).
- Mark 4:29 tn The Greek word εὐθύς (euthus, often translated “immediately” or “right away”) has not been translated here. It sometimes occurs with a weakened, inferential use (BDAG 406 s.v. 2), not contributing significantly to the flow of the narrative. For further discussion, see R. J. Decker, Temporal Deixis of the Greek Verb in the Gospel of Mark with Reference to Verbal Aspect (SBG 10), 73-77.
- Mark 4:29 sn Because the harvest has come. This parable is found only in Mark (cf. Matt 13:24-30) and presents a complete picture of the coming of God’s kingdom: (1) sowing; (2) growth; (3) harvest. Some understand the parable as a reference to evangelism. While this is certainly involved, it does not seem to be the central idea. In contrast to the parable of the sower which emphasizes the quality of the different soils, this parable emphasizes the power of the seed to cause growth (with the clear implication that the mysterious growth of the kingdom is accomplished by God), apart from human understanding and observation.
- Mark 4:30 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. See the note on this phrase in v. 26.
- Mark 4:31 sn Mustard seeds are known for their tiny size.
- Mark 4:32 tn Mark 4:31-32 is fairly awkward in Greek. Literally the sentence reads as follows: “As a mustard seed, which when sown in the earth, being the smallest of all the seeds in the earth, and when it is sown, it grows up…” The structure has been rendered in more idiomatic English, although some of the awkward structure has been retained for rhetorical effect.
- Mark 4:32 tn Grk “the birds of the sky” or “the birds of the heaven”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated either “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. The idiomatic expression “birds of the sky” refers to wild birds as opposed to domesticated fowl (cf. BDAG 809 s.v. πετεινόν).
- Mark 4:32 sn The point of the parable seems to be that while the kingdom of God may appear to have insignificant and unnoticeable beginnings (i.e., in the ministry of Jesus), it will someday (i.e., at the second advent) be great and quite expansive. The kingdom, however, is not to be equated with the church, but rather the church is an expression of the kingdom. Also, there is important OT background in the image of a small plant that grew and became a tree: Ezek 17:22-24 pictures the reemergence of the Davidic house where people can find calm and shelter. Like the mustard seed, it would start out small but grow to significant size.
- Mark 4:33 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of previous action(s) in the narrative.
- Mark 4:35 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Mark 4:35 tn The phrase “of the lake” is not in the Greek text but is clearly implied; it has been supplied here for clarity.
- Mark 4:36 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the response to Jesus’ request.
- Mark 4:36 tn It is possible that this prepositional phrase modifies “as he was,” not “they took him along.” The meaning would then be “they took him along in the boat in which he was already sitting” (see 4:1).sn A boat that held all the disciples would be of significant size. See the note at Mark 1:19 for a description of the first-century fishing boat discovered in 1986 near Tiberias on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.
- Mark 4:37 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
- Mark 4:37 tn Or “a squall.”sn The Sea of Galilee is located in a depression some 700 ft (200 m) below sea level and is surrounded by hills. Frequently a rush of wind and the right mix of temperatures can cause a storm to come suddenly on the lake. Storms on the Sea of Galilee were known for their suddenness and violence.
- Mark 4:38 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
- Mark 4:39 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of previous action(s) in the narrative.
- Mark 4:39 tn Or “commanded” (often with the implication of a threat, L&N 33.331).
- Mark 4:39 sn Who has authority over the seas and winds is discussed in the OT: Pss 104:3; 135:7; 107:23-30. When Jesus rebuked the wind and the sea he was making a statement about who he was.
- Mark 4:39 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
- Mark 4:41 sn Jesus’ authority over creation raised a question for the disciples about who he was exactly (Who then is this?). This verse shows that the disciples followed Jesus even though they did not know all about him yet.
- Mark 4:41 sn This section in Mark (4:35-5:43) contains four miracles: (1) the calming of the storm; (2) the exorcism of the demon-possessed man; (3) the giving of life to Jairus’ daughter; (4) the healing of the woman hemorrhaging for twelve years. All these miracles demonstrate Jesus’ right to proclaim the kingdom message and his sovereign authority over forces, directly or indirectly, hostile to the kingdom. The last three may have been brought together to show that Jesus had power over all defilement, since contact with graves, blood, or a corpse was regarded under Jewish law as causing a state of ritual uncleanness.
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