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Recalcitrant Prophet[a]

Chapter 1

The word of the Lord came to Jonah, son of Amittai: “Go immediately to the great city of Nineveh and denounce it, for their wickedness has revealed itself to me.” But Jonah decided to run away from the Lord and flee to Tarshish.[b] He went down to Joppa, where he found a ship that was about to sail to Tarshish. He paid his fare and boarded the ship to journey with the sailors to Tarshish, and away from the presence of the Lord.

However, the Lord caused a violent wind to stir up the sea, and such a furious storm arose that the ship seemed to be on the verge of breaking up. The sailors were terror-stricken, and each of them cried out to his god. They also lightened the weight of the ship by throwing the cargo overboard.

Meanwhile, Jonah had gone down into the hold of the ship and was lying there fast asleep. The captain found him there and said, “What are you doing there, sound asleep? Get up and call upon your God. Perhaps he will take pity on us and not allow us to perish.”

The sailors then said to each other, “Let us cast lots so that we can discover who is to blame for bringing us this bad luck.” Therefore, they cast lots, and the lot fell on Jonah. Then they said to him, “Tell us why this calamity has come upon us. What is your occupation? Where do you come from? What is your country? What is your nationality?” Jonah replied, “I am a Hebrew. I worship the Lord, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.”

10 On hearing this, the sailors were even more terrified, and they said to him, “How could you have done this to us?” For they knew that he was fleeing from the Lord because he had told them so. 11 Then they said, “What shall we do with you to make the sea calm down for us?” For the sea was becoming increasingly more turbulent. 12 Jonah replied, “Pick me up and throw me overboard. Then the sea will calm down for you. I know it is my fault that this great storm has struck you.”

13 Even so, the sailors rowed with all their might to reach the shore, but they were unable to do so inasmuch as the sea was becoming increasingly turbulent. 14 Finally they cried out to the Lord, “Do not allow us to perish, Lord, for taking this man’s life. Do not hold us responsible for causing the death of an innocent man. For you yourself, O Lord, have brought this all about.” 15 Then they picked up Jonah and threw him into the sea, and the raging of the sea subsided. 16 On witnessing this, the men were seized by a great fear of the Lord, and they offered a sacrifice to the Lord and made vows to him.

Chapter 2

Then the Lord ordained that a large fish would swallow Jonah and he remained in the belly of the fish for three days and three nights.

Prayer of Deliverance[c]

Then from the belly of the fish Jonah offered this prayer to the Lord, his God:

In my distress I called to the Lord,
    and he answered me.
From the belly of the netherworld I cried out for help,
    and you heard my voice.
For you cast me into the deep,
    into the heart of the sea,
and the flood enveloped me;
    all your waves and your billows swept over me.
Then I thought, “I have been banished from your sight.
    Will I ever be allowed again
    to look upon your holy temple?”
The waters around me rose to my neck,
    and the deep was closing around me;
    seaweed was twined around my head.
Down I plunged to the roots of the mountains,
    sinking to the netherworld
    whose bars would imprison me forever.
But you brought me up alive from the pit,
    Lord, my God.
As my life was ebbing away,
    I remembered the Lord,
and my prayer reached you
    in your holy temple.
Those who worship false gods
    abandon the source of their mercy.
10 But I with hymns of praise
    will offer sacrifice to you.
What I have vowed I will fulfill.
    Salvation comes from the Lord.

Footnotes

  1. Jonah 1:1 The story of the whale resembles stories told among all the coastal peoples of the Mediterranean basin. It serves simply to end the whole episode, in the atmosphere of the marvelous, that pervades the entire account. Jesus will use Jonah’s experience with the whale as an image of his own burial and resurrection (see Mt 12:39-40; Lk 11:29-30).
  2. Jonah 1:3 Tarshish: perhaps Tartessos in Spain, a seaport that marked the outer limits of communication. Joppa: the Mediterranean port for Jerusalem.
  3. Jonah 2:2 The author inserts, here, an appeal whose images give a vivid description of every kind of distress (see Ps 69:1-2, 15).

Jonah Flees From the Lord

The word of the Lord came to Jonah(A) son of Amittai:(B) “Go to the great city of Nineveh(C) and preach against it, because its wickedness has come up before me.”

But Jonah ran(D) away from the Lord and headed for Tarshish(E). He went down to Joppa,(F) where he found a ship bound for that port. After paying the fare, he went aboard and sailed for Tarshish to flee from the Lord.(G)

Then the Lord sent a great wind on the sea, and such a violent storm arose that the ship threatened to break up.(H) All the sailors were afraid and each cried out to his own god. And they threw the cargo into the sea to lighten the ship.(I)

But Jonah had gone below deck, where he lay down and fell into a deep sleep. The captain went to him and said, “How can you sleep? Get up and call(J) on your god! Maybe he will take notice of us so that we will not perish.”(K)

Then the sailors said to each other, “Come, let us cast lots to find out who is responsible for this calamity.”(L) They cast lots and the lot fell on Jonah.(M) So they asked him, “Tell us, who is responsible for making all this trouble for us? What kind of work do you do? Where do you come from? What is your country? From what people are you?”

He answered, “I am a Hebrew and I worship the Lord,(N) the God of heaven,(O) who made the sea(P) and the dry land.(Q)

10 This terrified them and they asked, “What have you done?” (They knew he was running away from the Lord, because he had already told them so.)

11 The sea was getting rougher and rougher. So they asked him, “What should we do to you to make the sea calm down for us?”

12 “Pick me up and throw me into the sea,” he replied, “and it will become calm. I know that it is my fault that this great storm has come upon you.”(R)

13 Instead, the men did their best to row back to land. But they could not, for the sea grew even wilder than before.(S) 14 Then they cried out to the Lord, “Please, Lord, do not let us die for taking this man’s life. Do not hold us accountable for killing an innocent man,(T) for you, Lord, have done as you pleased.”(U) 15 Then they took Jonah and threw him overboard, and the raging sea grew calm.(V) 16 At this the men greatly feared(W) the Lord, and they offered a sacrifice to the Lord and made vows(X) to him.

Jonah’s Prayer

17 Now the Lord provided(Y) a huge fish to swallow Jonah,(Z) and Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights. [a]From inside the fish Jonah prayed to the Lord his God. He said:

“In my distress I called(AA) to the Lord,(AB)
    and he answered me.
From deep in the realm of the dead(AC) I called for help,
    and you listened to my cry.
You hurled me into the depths,(AD)
    into the very heart of the seas,
    and the currents swirled about me;
all your waves(AE) and breakers
    swept over me.(AF)
I said, ‘I have been banished
    from your sight;(AG)
yet I will look again
    toward your holy temple.’(AH)
The engulfing waters threatened me,[b]
    the deep surrounded me;
    seaweed was wrapped around my head.(AI)
To the roots of the mountains(AJ) I sank down;
    the earth beneath barred me in forever.
But you, Lord my God,
    brought my life up from the pit.(AK)

“When my life was ebbing away,
    I remembered(AL) you, Lord,
and my prayer(AM) rose to you,
    to your holy temple.(AN)

“Those who cling to worthless idols(AO)
    turn away from God’s love for them.
But I, with shouts of grateful praise,(AP)
    will sacrifice(AQ) to you.
What I have vowed(AR) I will make good.
    I will say, ‘Salvation(AS) comes from the Lord.’”

10 And the Lord commanded the fish, and it vomited Jonah onto dry land.

Footnotes

  1. Jonah 2:1 In Hebrew texts 2:1 is numbered 1:17, and 2:1-10 is numbered 2:2-11.
  2. Jonah 2:5 Or waters were at my throat