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Job 16-20
New Catholic Bible
Job 16-20
New Catholic Bible
Job’s Fourth Response[a]
Chapter 16
If You Were in My Place . . . 1 Job then answered with these words:
2 “I have heard similar comments on many occasions;
what wretched comforters you all are!
3 When will you cease your endless flow of foolish words?
Or what sickness afflicts you that you never cease babbling?
4 “I could also rant on as you do,
if you were in my place.
I could exhaust you with my words
and shake my head at you.[b]
5 But I would offer words of encouragement,
and comfort from my lips would alleviate your pain.
6 When I speak, my suffering is not eased,
and if I remain silent, my pain does not stop.
You Have Risen Up as a Witness against Me[c]
7 “Truly, my pain has left me exhausted,
and you have devastated my entire family.
8 You have risen up as a witness against me;
my gaunt appearance offers clear testimony to my plight.
9 Your anger has caused you to assail me,
and you gnash your teeth against me.
My enemies lord it over me;
10 they open their mouths to mock me.
They strike me insolently on the cheek;
they have all joined in league against me.
11 “God has left me as prey for the godless
and handed me over to the power of the wicked.
12 I was living at peace until he crushed me;
he seized me by the neck and broke me into pieces,
setting me up as a target.
13 His archers encompass me on every side;
he pierces my loins without mercy
and pours out my gall upon the ground.
14 He repeatedly bludgeons his way through my defenses
and rushes upon me like a warrior.
My Witness Is in Heaven[d]
15 “I have sewn sackcloth over my skin
and laid my forehead in the dust.
16 My face is red from incessant weeping,
and dark shadows ring my eyelids,
17 even though my hands are free of violence
and my prayer is pure.
18 “O earth, do not cover my blood;[e]
let my cries never cease to be heard.
19 Even now my witness is in heaven;
my defender is on high.
20 Although my friends scorn me,
I pour out tears before God,
21 pleading that he may listen to me
as a person would listen to a neighbor.
22 For there are only a few years left to me
before I set forth on that journey
from which there is no return.
Chapter 17
Where Then Will My Hope Be?[f]
1 “My spirit is broken,
my days are numbered,
and the grave is ready to receive me.
2 I am surrounded by mockers who taunt me,
and my eyes dwell on their hostility.
3 “I call upon you to be a witness on my behalf,
for there is no one else to whom I can turn.
4 You have closed the minds of others to reason,
but surely you will not allow them to triumph.
5 “Like a man who invites others to dine with him,
while the eyes of his children are failing,[g]
6 I have become a byword in every land,
someone people spit upon.
7 My eyes have become increasingly blinded with grief,
and all my members have been reduced to a shadow.
8 [h]The righteous are appalled at this,
and the innocent are indignant at the wicked.
9 The upright continue to adhere to a righteous path,
and those whose hands are pure will grow stronger.
10 “Even so, come forward, all of you, and continue your attack.
I will not find even one man among you who is wise.
11 My days have passed and my plans are foiled;
the strings of my heart have been severed.
12 My enemies would have me believe that night is day
and that the light will soon eradicate the darkness.
13 “If I foresee the netherworld as my dwelling,
if I spread out my bed in the darkness,
14 if I call the grave my father
and the worm my mother or my sister,
15 where then will my hope be,
and who can foresee any happiness for me?
16 Will they accompany me to the netherworld?
Will we descend together into the dust?”
Bildad’s Second Speech[i]
Chapter 18
The Light of the Wicked Is Extinguished.
1 Then Bildad the Shuhite responded:
2 “When will you cease this torrent of words?
Once you start to think rationally,
then we can have a sensible discussion.
3 Why do you treat us like animals
and regard us as ignorant?
4 In your anger you tear yourself to pieces,
but the earth will not be forsaken on your account,
nor will a single rock be moved from its place.
5 “The light of the wicked is extinguished,
and the flame of his fire no longer shines.
6 The light in his tent begins to fade
and the lamp above him is put out.
7 His vigorous stride begins to falter
and his own plans fail miserably.
8 He rushes headlong into a net,
and his feet are ensnared.
9 “A trap seizes him by the heel,
leaving him unable to escape.
10 A noose lies hidden on the ground for him;
pitfalls lie across his path.
11 Terrors alarm him on every side,
hounding his every step.
12 His strength is weakened by hunger,
and disaster awaits him on all sides.
13 “His skin is eaten away by disease;
the firstborn of death devours his limbs.[j]
14 He is dragged from the security of his tent
and carted off to the king of terrors.[k]
15 Anyone can live in his tent since it is no longer his;
brimstone[l] is scattered over his dwelling.
16 His roots dry up below,
and his branches wither above.
17 “All memory of him vanishes from the earth;
his name is quickly forgotten.
18 He is thrust from light into darkness
and banished from the world.
19 He leaves no offspring or posterity among his people;
there is no survivor where he once lived.
20 Inhabitants of the west are appalled at his fate,
while those of the east are struck with horror.
21 Such indeed is the dwelling of the impious;
such is the home of everyone who cares nothing for God.”
Job’s Fifth Response[m]
Chapter 19
God Has Wronged Me.[n] 1 Job then answered with these words:
2 “How much longer will you torment me
and oppress me with your words?
3 You have reproached me now ten times,
and you mistreat me shamelessly.
4 And even if it were true that I have erred,
the fault would be completely mine.
5 “If indeed you want to exalt yourselves above me
and use my humiliation against me,
6 know that God has wronged me
and cast his net over me.
7 Even when I protest that I have been wronged,
no one comes forward to support me,
and I receive no justice when I cry out for help.
8 “He has blocked my path so that I cannot pass,
and he has shrouded my way in darkness.
9 He has deprived me of my honor
and removed the crown from my head.
10 He assails me on every side until I succumb;
he has uprooted my hope like a tree.
11 He has inflamed his anger against me
and looks upon me as his enemy.
12 His troops move forward as a single force;
they have surrounded me with siegeworks
and encamped around my tent.
13 “He has caused my brethren to turn against me;
my friends are completely estranged from me.
14 My relatives and my companions now ignore me,
and those who were guests in my house have forgotten me.
15 Even my serving girls regard me as a stranger;
I have become an alien in their eyes.
16 When I summon my servant, he does not respond,
no matter how much I plead with him.
17 “My wife finds my breath repulsive;
my stench is loathsome to my relatives.
18 Even young children despise me;[o]
when I approach, they turn their backs on me.
19 All of my dearest friends abhor me;
those I love have turned against me.
20 I have become just skin and bones
and have escaped with only my gums.[p]
21 “Have pity on me, my friends, have pity on me,
for the hand of God has touched me.
22 Must you pursue me just as God does?
Will not my flesh ever be enough to satisfy you?[q]
I Know That My Redeemer Lives[r]
23 “How I wish that my words might be written down
and inscribed on a scroll!
24 How I wish that with an iron chisel and with lead
they were engraved in stone forever!
25 “But I know that my Redeemer lives,
and that at the end he will stand upon the dust.
26 After my awakening, he will call me close to him,
and then from my own flesh I will see God.
27 I will see him with my own eyes;
my eyes, not those of another, will behold him.
How my heart within me yearns for that moment!
28 “As for you who say,
‘How we will persecute him,
for the root of the trouble lies in him,’
29 beware of the sword that is pointed toward you,
for the avenger of wickedness is the sword,
and then you will know that there is indeed a judgment.”
Zophar’s Second Speech[s]
Chapter 20
The Joy of a Sinner Lasts Only for a Moment.
1 Then Zophar the Naamathite replied:
2 “The words you have spoken have caused me great distress,
and as a result, I am forced to reply.
3 I have been outraged by your censure,
but now a spirit beyond my understanding
provides me with the answers to rebuke you.
4 “Surely you must know that since time began
and man was first placed on the earth,
5 the triumph of the wicked has always been short-lived,
and the joy of the sinner lasts only for a moment.
6 Even though in his pride he towers to the sky
and his head touches the clouds,
7 he is destined to perish forever like his own dung,[t]
and those who used to see him will ask:
‘Where is he?’
8 He will fade away like a dream and never be found again;
he will vanish like a vision of the night.
9 The eyes that saw him will see him no more,
and his dwelling will not behold him any longer.
He Wolfs Down Riches and Then Vomits Them Up
10 “His children will seek the favor of the poor,
and his hands will be forced to return his wealth.
11 The youthful vigor that once filled his body
will be stagnant with him in the earth.
12 “Though wickedness is sweet in his mouth
and he hides it under his tongue,
13 though he continues to keep it in his mouth
and is loath to let it go,
14 yet such food will turn sour in his stomach,
working inside him like the venom of asps.
15 He wolfs down riches and then vomits them up;
God forces him to disgorge them from his stomach.
16 “Such a person will suck the venom of asps;
the tongue of a viper will slay him.
17 He will see no streams of oil
or rivers flowing with honey and cream.[u]
18 He will be forced to restore his gains without enjoying them;
even though his wealth increased, he will derive no enjoyment.
19 For he has oppressed the poor and left them destitute,
seizing houses that he did not build.
20 “Since his avarice could never be satisfied,
no amount of hoarding will save him.
21 Since his greed was insatiable,
his prosperity will not endure.
22 When he possesses everything he desires,
his troubles will begin,
and the full force of misery will strike him down.
23 “God will unleash the fury of his wrath against him
and rain down upon him a hail of arrows.
24 If he escapes a weapon of iron,
a bow of bronze will pierce him through.
25 The tip of the arrow will protrude from his body
and the glittering point will emerge from his bladder;
terrors will descend upon him.
26 “Unrelieved darkness is what awaits him;
a fire[v] that does not need to be fanned will devour him,
and anything left in his tent will be consumed.
27 The heavens will lay bare his iniquity,
and the earth will rise up against him.
28 Flood waters will sweep away his house
like the torrents on the day of God’s wrath.
29 This is the lot that God reserves for the wicked,
the heritage assigned to him by God.”
Footnotes
- Job 16:1 Seeing himself close to his end, Job again raises a heartrending lament so that this may serve before God as a powerful appeal to his justice.
- Job 16:4 Shaking the head signifies commiseration, scorn, or mockery (see Ps 22:8; Jer 48:27; Mt 27:39).
- Job 16:7 Job sees himself as summoned before the tribunal of God. The scene makes us think of the persecuted righteous person (Ps 22:13-14, 17; Isa 53:10-12) and the Passion of Jesus (Mt 26:60-68; Lk 22:37). God is transferred into a warrior, and he crushes his victim without pity (Lam 3:12-13).
- Job 16:15 Job, prostrate in suffering, rediscovers a little hope: his God can still hear him and become his defender.
- Job 16:18 Cover my blood: blood shed and not covered over is, as it were, a call for vengeance (see Gen 4:10-11; Isa 26:21; Ezek 24:7).
- Job 17:1 Job remains anxious: his strength declines, his solitude becomes more profound, and around him his misfortune provokes only mockery and scandal.
- Job 17:5 This verse is a kind of proverb; i.e., those who concern themselves with others when everything is amiss in their own home are regarded as a joke by people.
- Job 17:8 These verses are directed at Job’s three friends, false upright men who are indignant at Job’s impiety and profit from his misery to bestow upon themselves a certificate of sainthood.
- Job 18:1 The wrath of Job has the result of provoking Bildad to impatience. In the divine order of the universe, he says, there is no place for the problem of Job, whose words constitute a blasphemy.
- Job 18:13 The ancients regarded illnesses as the children of death; the allusion here, then, is to very serious illness.
- Job 18:14 King of terrors: i.e., death. In various civilizations the ruler of the realm of the dead was called Nergal, Pluto, or Moloch (see Isa 57:9).
- Job 18:15 Brimstone: an element used to disinfect a tent and remove every trace of the occupant.
- Job 19:1 Though persecuted by God and condemned by humans, Job remains certain that he will someday see his cause triumphant and God himself acting as his defender.
- Job 19:1 Job is not going to justify himself before his friends any longer; it is the justice of God and not his own that is at issue. Job lets forth an ardent lamentation, an appeal for pity.
- Job 19:18 Even young children despise me: this fact was a great embarrassment in a patriarchal society, which insisted that its elders be respected and honored (see Ex 20:12).
- Job 19:20 The translation of this verse is uncertain. Most commentators believe it means “I am nothing and possess nothing except my skin and bones.”
- Job 19:22 To eat someone’s flesh meant to mistreat him and especially to slander him (see Ps 27:2).
- Job 19:23 This is regarded as the best-known and most-beloved passage in the Book of Job as well as the culmination of Job’s understanding of his situation and his relationship with God. At the end of his life, Job is convulsed by a cry of hope, which he utters like a challenge, and also by the prospect of meeting his God, whom he will really see with his own eyes (Job 42:5).
God is Job’s defender; originally, a goel was a close relative of somebody slain, who had to avenge that relative’s blood, raise up a posterity to the dead man’s wife, and redeem his property. Job, therefore, expects a liberation.
The Vulgate Latin translation interpreted this as resurrection of the body after death. The direct meaning of the Hebrew text may be extended, in a Christian perspective, to include the resurrection, but the Book of Job does not perceive this so clearly. - Job 20:1 Job’s anguished appeal does not move his friend Zophar. Zophar once more paints a picture of Job as a proud and wicked man on whom the wrath of God will soon descend.
- Job 20:7 Dung: a symbol of everything that is ephemeral and without value (see 1 Ki 14:10).
- Job 20:17 Oil . . . honey and cream: these were staple products of Palestine.
- Job 20:26 Fire: i.e., lightning.
Job 16-20
New International Version
Job 16-20
New International Version
Job
16 Then Job replied:
2 “I have heard many things like these;
you are miserable comforters,(A) all of you!(B)
3 Will your long-winded speeches never end?(C)
What ails you that you keep on arguing?(D)
4 I also could speak like you,
if you were in my place;
I could make fine speeches against you
and shake my head(E) at you.
5 But my mouth would encourage you;
comfort(F) from my lips would bring you relief.(G)
6 “Yet if I speak, my pain is not relieved;
and if I refrain, it does not go away.(H)
7 Surely, God, you have worn me out;(I)
you have devastated my entire household.(J)
8 You have shriveled me up—and it has become a witness;
my gauntness(K) rises up and testifies against me.(L)
9 God assails me and tears(M) me in his anger(N)
and gnashes his teeth at me;(O)
my opponent fastens on me his piercing eyes.(P)
10 People open their mouths(Q) to jeer at me;(R)
they strike my cheek(S) in scorn
and unite together against me.(T)
11 God has turned me over to the ungodly
and thrown me into the clutches of the wicked.(U)
12 All was well with me, but he shattered me;
he seized me by the neck and crushed me.(V)
He has made me his target;(W)
13 his archers surround me.(X)
Without pity, he pierces(Y) my kidneys
and spills my gall on the ground.
14 Again and again(Z) he bursts upon me;
he rushes at me like a warrior.(AA)
15 “I have sewed sackcloth(AB) over my skin
and buried my brow in the dust.(AC)
16 My face is red with weeping,(AD)
dark shadows ring my eyes;(AE)
17 yet my hands have been free of violence(AF)
and my prayer is pure.(AG)
18 “Earth, do not cover my blood;(AH)
may my cry(AI) never be laid to rest!(AJ)
19 Even now my witness(AK) is in heaven;(AL)
my advocate is on high.(AM)
20 My intercessor(AN) is my friend[a](AO)
as my eyes pour out(AP) tears(AQ) to God;
21 on behalf of a man he pleads(AR) with God
as one pleads for a friend.
22 “Only a few years will pass
before I take the path of no return.(AS)
17 1 My spirit(AT) is broken,
my days are cut short,(AU)
the grave awaits me.(AV)
2 Surely mockers(AW) surround me;(AX)
my eyes must dwell on their hostility.
3 “Give me, O God, the pledge you demand.(AY)
Who else will put up security(AZ) for me?(BA)
4 You have closed their minds to understanding;(BB)
therefore you will not let them triumph.
5 If anyone denounces their friends for reward,(BC)
the eyes of their children will fail.(BD)
6 “God has made me a byword(BE) to everyone,(BF)
a man in whose face people spit.(BG)
7 My eyes have grown dim with grief;(BH)
my whole frame is but a shadow.(BI)
8 The upright are appalled at this;
the innocent are aroused(BJ) against the ungodly.
9 Nevertheless, the righteous(BK) will hold to their ways,
and those with clean hands(BL) will grow stronger.(BM)
10 “But come on, all of you, try again!
I will not find a wise man among you.(BN)
11 My days have passed,(BO) my plans are shattered.
Yet the desires of my heart(BP)
12 turn night into day;(BQ)
in the face of the darkness light is near.(BR)
13 If the only home I hope for is the grave,(BS)
if I spread out my bed(BT) in the realm of darkness,(BU)
14 if I say to corruption,(BV) ‘You are my father,’
and to the worm,(BW) ‘My mother’ or ‘My sister,’
15 where then is my hope—(BX)
who can see any hope for me?(BY)
16 Will it go down to the gates of death?(BZ)
Will we descend together into the dust?”(CA)
Bildad
18 Then Bildad the Shuhite(CB) replied:
2 “When will you end these speeches?(CC)
Be sensible, and then we can talk.
3 Why are we regarded as cattle(CD)
and considered stupid in your sight?(CE)
4 You who tear yourself(CF) to pieces in your anger,(CG)
is the earth to be abandoned for your sake?
Or must the rocks be moved from their place?(CH)
5 “The lamp of a wicked man is snuffed out;(CI)
the flame of his fire stops burning.(CJ)
6 The light in his tent(CK) becomes dark;(CL)
the lamp beside him goes out.(CM)
7 The vigor(CN) of his step is weakened;(CO)
his own schemes(CP) throw him down.(CQ)
8 His feet thrust him into a net;(CR)
he wanders into its mesh.
9 A trap seizes him by the heel;
a snare(CS) holds him fast.(CT)
10 A noose(CU) is hidden for him on the ground;
a trap(CV) lies in his path.(CW)
11 Terrors(CX) startle him on every side(CY)
and dog(CZ) his every step.
12 Calamity(DA) is hungry(DB) for him;
disaster(DC) is ready for him when he falls.(DD)
13 It eats away parts of his skin;(DE)
death’s firstborn devours his limbs.(DF)
14 He is torn from the security of his tent(DG)
and marched off to the king(DH) of terrors.(DI)
15 Fire resides[b] in his tent;(DJ)
burning sulfur(DK) is scattered over his dwelling.
16 His roots dry up below(DL)
and his branches wither above.(DM)
17 The memory of him perishes from the earth;(DN)
he has no name(DO) in the land.(DP)
18 He is driven from light into the realm of darkness(DQ)
and is banished(DR) from the world.(DS)
19 He has no offspring(DT) or descendants(DU) among his people,
no survivor(DV) where once he lived.(DW)
20 People of the west are appalled(DX) at his fate;(DY)
those of the east are seized with horror.
21 Surely such is the dwelling(DZ) of an evil man;(EA)
such is the place(EB) of one who does not know God.”(EC)
Job
19 Then Job replied:
2 “How long will you torment(ED) me
and crush(EE) me with words?
3 Ten times(EF) now you have reproached(EG) me;
shamelessly you attack me.
4 If it is true that I have gone astray,
my error(EH) remains my concern alone.
5 If indeed you would exalt yourselves above me(EI)
and use my humiliation against me,
6 then know that God has wronged me(EJ)
and drawn his net(EK) around me.(EL)
7 “Though I cry, ‘Violence!’ I get no response;(EM)
though I call for help,(EN) there is no justice.(EO)
8 He has blocked my way so I cannot pass;(EP)
he has shrouded my paths in darkness.(EQ)
9 He has stripped(ER) me of my honor(ES)
and removed the crown from my head.(ET)
10 He tears me down(EU) on every side till I am gone;
he uproots my hope(EV) like a tree.(EW)
11 His anger(EX) burns against me;
he counts me among his enemies.(EY)
12 His troops advance in force;(EZ)
they build a siege ramp(FA) against me
and encamp around my tent.(FB)
13 “He has alienated my family(FC) from me;
my acquaintances are completely estranged from me.(FD)
14 My relatives have gone away;
my closest friends(FE) have forgotten me.
15 My guests(FF) and my female servants(FG) count me a foreigner;
they look on me as on a stranger.
16 I summon my servant, but he does not answer,
though I beg him with my own mouth.
17 My breath is offensive to my wife;
I am loathsome(FH) to my own family.
18 Even the little boys(FI) scorn me;
when I appear, they ridicule me.(FJ)
19 All my intimate friends(FK) detest me;(FL)
those I love have turned against me.(FM)
20 I am nothing but skin and bones;(FN)
I have escaped only by the skin of my teeth.[c]
21 “Have pity on me, my friends,(FO) have pity,
for the hand of God has struck(FP) me.
22 Why do you pursue(FQ) me as God does?(FR)
Will you never get enough of my flesh?(FS)
23 “Oh, that my words were recorded,
that they were written on a scroll,(FT)
24 that they were inscribed with an iron tool(FU) on[d] lead,
or engraved in rock forever!(FV)
25 I know that my redeemer[e](FW) lives,(FX)
and that in the end he will stand on the earth.[f]
26 And after my skin has been destroyed,
yet[g] in[h] my flesh I will see God;(FY)
27 I myself will see him
with my own eyes(FZ)—I, and not another.
How my heart yearns(GA) within me!
28 “If you say, ‘How we will hound(GB) him,
since the root of the trouble lies in him,[i]’
29 you should fear the sword yourselves;
for wrath will bring punishment by the sword,(GC)
and then you will know that there is judgment.[j]”(GD)
Zophar
20 Then Zophar the Naamathite(GE) replied:
2 “My troubled thoughts prompt me to answer
because I am greatly disturbed.(GF)
3 I hear a rebuke(GG) that dishonors me,
and my understanding inspires me to reply.
4 “Surely you know how it has been from of old,(GH)
ever since mankind[k] was placed on the earth,
5 that the mirth of the wicked(GI) is brief,
the joy of the godless(GJ) lasts but a moment.(GK)
6 Though the pride(GL) of the godless person reaches to the heavens(GM)
and his head touches the clouds,(GN)
7 he will perish forever,(GO) like his own dung;
those who have seen him will say, ‘Where is he?’(GP)
8 Like a dream(GQ) he flies away,(GR) no more to be found,
banished(GS) like a vision of the night.(GT)
9 The eye that saw him will not see him again;
his place will look on him no more.(GU)
10 His children(GV) must make amends to the poor;
his own hands must give back his wealth.(GW)
11 The youthful vigor(GX) that fills his bones(GY)
will lie with him in the dust.(GZ)
12 “Though evil(HA) is sweet in his mouth
and he hides it under his tongue,(HB)
13 though he cannot bear to let it go
and lets it linger in his mouth,(HC)
14 yet his food will turn sour in his stomach;(HD)
it will become the venom of serpents(HE) within him.
15 He will spit out the riches(HF) he swallowed;
God will make his stomach vomit(HG) them up.
16 He will suck the poison(HH) of serpents;
the fangs of an adder will kill him.(HI)
17 He will not enjoy the streams,
the rivers(HJ) flowing with honey(HK) and cream.(HL)
18 What he toiled for he must give back uneaten;(HM)
he will not enjoy the profit from his trading.(HN)
19 For he has oppressed the poor(HO) and left them destitute;(HP)
he has seized houses(HQ) he did not build.
20 “Surely he will have no respite from his craving;(HR)
he cannot save himself by his treasure.(HS)
21 Nothing is left for him to devour;
his prosperity will not endure.(HT)
22 In the midst of his plenty, distress will overtake him;(HU)
the full force of misery will come upon him.(HV)
23 When he has filled his belly,(HW)
God will vent his burning anger(HX) against him
and rain down his blows on him.(HY)
24 Though he flees(HZ) from an iron weapon,
a bronze-tipped arrow pierces him.(IA)
25 He pulls it out of his back,
the gleaming point out of his liver.
Terrors(IB) will come over him;(IC)
26 total darkness(ID) lies in wait for his treasures.
A fire(IE) unfanned will consume him(IF)
and devour what is left in his tent.(IG)
27 The heavens will expose his guilt;
the earth will rise up against him.(IH)
28 A flood will carry off his house,(II)
rushing waters[l] on the day of God’s wrath.(IJ)
29 Such is the fate God allots the wicked,
the heritage appointed for them by God.”(IK)
Footnotes
- Job 16:20 Or My friends treat me with scorn
- Job 18:15 Or Nothing he had remains
- Job 19:20 Or only by my gums
- Job 19:24 Or and
- Job 19:25 Or vindicator
- Job 19:25 Or on my grave
- Job 19:26 Or And after I awake, / though this body has been destroyed, / then
- Job 19:26 Or destroyed, / apart from
- Job 19:28 Many Hebrew manuscripts, Septuagint and Vulgate; most Hebrew manuscripts me
- Job 19:29 Or sword, / that you may come to know the Almighty
- Job 20:4 Or Adam
- Job 20:28 Or The possessions in his house will be carried off, / washed away
New International Version (NIV) 
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