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Joseph Interprets Pharaoh’s Dream

41 Now it happened at the end of two full years that Pharaoh had a dream, and behold, he was standing by the Nile. And behold, from the Nile there came up seven cows, sleek and [a]fat; and they grazed in the (A)reeds. Then behold, seven other cows came up after them from the Nile, [b]ugly and [c]thin, and they stood by the other cows on the bank of the Nile. And the ugly and [d]thin cows ate up the seven sleek and fat cows. Then Pharaoh awoke. He again fell asleep and dreamed a second time; and behold, seven ears of grain came up on a single stalk, plump and good. And behold, seven ears, thin and scorched by the east wind, sprouted up after them. And the thin ears swallowed up the seven plump and full ears. Then Pharaoh awoke, and behold, it was a dream. Now it happened that in the morning (B)his spirit was troubled, so he sent and called for all the [e](C)magicians of Egypt and all its (D)wise men. And Pharaoh recounted to them his dream, but (E)there was no one who could interpret them to Pharaoh.

Then the chief cupbearer spoke to Pharaoh, saying, “I would bring to remembrance today (F)my own [f]offenses. 10 Pharaoh was (G)furious with his servants, and (H)he put me in confinement in the house of the captain of the bodyguard, both me and the chief baker. 11 (I)And we had a dream [g]on the same night, [h]he and I; each of us dreamed according to the interpretation of his own dream. 12 Now there was with us a Hebrew youth, a (J)slave of the captain of the bodyguard, and we recounted them to him, and (K)he interpreted our dreams for us. To each one he interpreted according to his own dream. 13 And just (L)as he interpreted for us, so it happened; he restored me in my [i]office, but he hanged him.”

14 Then Pharaoh sent and (M)called for Joseph, and they (N)rushed him out of the pit; and he shaved himself and changed his clothes, and he came to Pharaoh. 15 And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I have had a dream, (O)but no one can interpret it; yet (P)I have heard [j]it said about you, that [k]you hear a dream and that you can interpret it.” 16 Joseph then answered Pharaoh, saying, “[l](Q)It is not in me; (R)God will [m]answer concerning the welfare of Pharaoh.” 17 So Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, “In my dream, behold, I was standing on the bank of the Nile; 18 and behold, seven cows, [n]fat and sleek came up out of the Nile, and they grazed in the reeds. 19 And behold, seven other cows came up after them, poor and very ugly and lean, such as I had never seen in all the land of Egypt, in regard to [o]ugliness; 20 and the lean and ugly cows ate up the first seven fat cows. 21 But they [p]devoured them, and yet it could not be known that they had [q]devoured them. [r]For they were just as ugly as [s]before. Then I awoke. 22 Then I saw also in my dream, and behold, seven ears, full and good, came up on a single stalk; 23 and behold, seven ears, withered, thin, and scorched by the east wind, sprouted up after them; 24 and the thin ears swallowed the seven good ears. So (S)I told it to the [t]magicians, but there was no one who could declare it to me.”

25 Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “Pharaoh’s [u]dreams are one and the same; (T)God has declared to Pharaoh what He is about to do. 26 The seven good cows are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years; the [v]dreams are one and the same. 27 And the seven lean and ugly cows that came up after them are seven years, and the seven lean ears scorched by the east wind (U)will be seven years of famine. 28 [w]It is as I have spoken to Pharaoh: (V)God has shown to Pharaoh what He is about to do. 29 Behold, (W)seven years of great abundance are coming in all the land of Egypt; 30 and after them (X)seven years of famine will arise, and all the abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt, and the famine will [x]ravage the land, 31 so that the abundance will be unknown in the land because of that subsequent famine; for it will be very heavy. 32 Now as for the repeating of the dream to Pharaoh twice, it means that (Y)the matter is confirmed by God, and God will quickly bring it about. 33 So now let Pharaoh look for a man (Z)understanding and wise, and set him over the land of Egypt. 34 Let Pharaoh take action and appoint overseers over the land, and let him exact a fifth of the produce of the land of Egypt in the seven years of abundance. 35 Then let them (AA)gather all the food of these good years that are coming, and let them store up the grain for food in the cities under Pharaoh’s authority, and let them keep watch over it. 36 And let the food be appointed for the land for the seven years of famine which will happen in the land of Egypt, so that the land will not be cut off during the famine.”

Joseph Is Set over Egypt

37 And the [y]proposal seemed good [z]to Pharaoh and [aa]to all his servants. 38 Then Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can we find a man like this, (AB)in whom is a divine spirit?” 39 So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has made you know all of this, there is no one so (AC)understanding and wise as you are. 40 (AD)You shall be over my house, and according to your [ab]command all my people shall [ac]do homage; only in the throne I will be greater than you.” 41 And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “See, I have set you (AE)over all the land of Egypt.” 42 Then Pharaoh (AF)removed his signet ring from his hand and put it on Joseph’s hand and clothed him in garments of fine linen and (AG)put the gold necklace around his neck. 43 And he had him ride in [ad]his second chariot; and they called out before him, “[ae]Bow the knee!” And he set him over all the land of Egypt. 44 Moreover, Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Though I am Pharaoh, yet (AH)without [af]your permission no one shall raise his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt.” 45 Then Pharaoh named Joseph [ag]Zaphenath-paneah; and he gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of [ah](AI)On, as a wife. And Joseph went forth over the land of Egypt.

46 Now Joseph was (AJ)thirty years old when he [ai]stood before Pharaoh, king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh and passed through all the land of Egypt. 47 And during the seven years of plenty the land brought forth [aj]abundantly. 48 So he gathered all the food of these seven years which happened in the land of Egypt and placed the food in the cities; he placed in every city the food from its own surrounding fields. 49 Thus Joseph stored up grain [ak]in great abundance like the sand of the sea, until he stopped [al]measuring it, for it was [am]beyond measure.

The Sons of Joseph

50 Now before the year of famine came, (AK)two sons were born to Joseph, whom Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of [an]On, bore to him. 51 And Joseph named the firstborn [ao]Manasseh, “For,” he said, “God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father’s household.” 52 And he named the second [ap]Ephraim, “For,” he said, “(AL)God has made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.”

53 Then the seven years of plenty which had been in the land of Egypt came to an end, 54 and (AM)the seven years of famine began to come, just as Joseph had said. So there was famine in all the lands, but in all the land of Egypt there was bread. 55 Then all the land of Egypt was famished, and the people cried out to Pharaoh for bread; and Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph; (AN)whatever he says to you, you shall do.” 56 Now the famine was over all the face of the land. And Joseph opened all [aq]the storehouses and sold to the Egyptians; and the famine was severe in the land of Egypt. 57 Now all the earth also came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph because (AO)the famine was severe in all the earth.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 41:2 Lit fat of flesh
  2. Genesis 41:3 Lit bad, so in ch
  3. Genesis 41:3 Lit lean of flesh
  4. Genesis 41:4 Lit lean of flesh
  5. Genesis 41:8 Or soothsayer priests
  6. Genesis 41:9 Or sins
  7. Genesis 41:11 Lit one night
  8. Genesis 41:11 Lit I and he
  9. Genesis 41:13 Lit place
  10. Genesis 41:15 Lit about you, saying
  11. Genesis 41:15 Lit you hear a dream to interpret it
  12. Genesis 41:16 Lit Apart from me
  13. Genesis 41:16 Lit answer the peace of Pharaoh
  14. Genesis 41:18 Lit fat of flesh
  15. Genesis 41:19 Lit badness
  16. Genesis 41:21 Lit entered their inward parts
  17. Genesis 41:21 Lit entered their inward parts
  18. Genesis 41:21 Lit And
  19. Genesis 41:21 Lit in the beginning
  20. Genesis 41:24 Or soothsayer priests
  21. Genesis 41:25 Lit dream is
  22. Genesis 41:26 Lit dream is
  23. Genesis 41:28 Lit That is the thing which I spoke
  24. Genesis 41:30 Lit destroy
  25. Genesis 41:37 Lit word
  26. Genesis 41:37 Lit in the sight of
  27. Genesis 41:37 Lit in the sight of
  28. Genesis 41:40 Lit mouth
  29. Genesis 41:40 Lit kiss
  30. Genesis 41:43 Lit the second...which was his
  31. Genesis 41:43 Or Attention, Make way; Heb Abreck
  32. Genesis 41:44 Lit you no one
  33. Genesis 41:45 Probably Egyptian for “God speaks; he lives”
  34. Genesis 41:45 Or Heliopolis
  35. Genesis 41:46 Or entered the service of
  36. Genesis 41:47 Lit by handfuls
  37. Genesis 41:49 Lit very much
  38. Genesis 41:49 Lit numbering
  39. Genesis 41:49 Or without number
  40. Genesis 41:50 Or Heliopolis
  41. Genesis 41:51 Lit making to forget
  42. Genesis 41:52 Lit fruitfulness
  43. Genesis 41:56 Lit that which was in them

Chapter 41

Messenger of Salvation.[a] Two years later, Pharaoh had a dream in which he was alongside the Nile. Seven cows came out of the Nile, beautiful and fat, and they began to graze in the reed grass. Then seven other cows came up out of the Nile after them. They were ugly and thin, and they stopped alongside the first cows on the shore of the Nile. The ugly and thin cows devoured the seven beautiful and fat cows. Then Pharaoh woke up.

He fell back asleep and had a second dream. There were seven heads of grain on one stalk, fat and healthy. But seven empty heads, shriveled by the east wind, sprouted up after them. The seven empty heads swallowed the seven fat and healthy heads. Then Pharaoh woke up; it had been a dream.

In the morning, he was very troubled and he summoned all the magicians and wise men in Egypt. Pharaoh told them his dream, but no one knew how to interpret it for him.

The cupbearer spoke to Pharaoh, “Today I remember that I have done something wrong. 10 Pharaoh was angry with his servants and had sent me and the chief baker into prison in the care of the captain of the guard. 11 We both had dreams the same night, but each of us had his own dream with its own meaning. 12 There was a young Hebrew there with us, a slave of the captain of the guard. We told him our dreams, and he interpreted them, giving each of us an explanation for his dream. 13 Just what he predicted came true: I was restored to my office, and the other man was impaled.”

14 Pharaoh therefore summoned Joseph, and they quickly brought him out of the dungeon. He shaved and changed his clothes and was brought to Pharaoh. 15 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream and no one can interpret it. Now I have heard it said that you can hear a dream and immediately interpret it.”

16 Joseph answered Pharaoh, “Not I, but God will give Pharaoh a favorable answer.”

17 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream I was on the Nile riverbank. 18 Seven fat and beautiful cows came out of the Nile and they began to graze on the reed grass. 19 Then seven other cows came out after them. They were poor and sickly and thin, I had never seen any as ugly in all of Egypt. 20 The thin and ugly cows devoured the seven fat cows.[b] 21 Even after they had eaten them, you still could not see that they had eaten anything. They were still as ugly as they had been before. Then I woke up.

22 “I then had a dream in which seven heads of grain sprouted on a single stalk. They were fat and good. 23 But seven dry heads, empty and shriveled by the east wind, sprouted after them. 24 The empty heads of grain swallowed the seven good heads. I told this to the magicians, but none of them could explain it to me.”

25 Joseph said to Pharaoh, “Pharaoh’s dreams are actually one dream. God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to do. 26 The seven beautiful cows are seven years, and the seven beautiful heads of grain are seven years. It is a single dream. 27 The seven thin and ugly cows that came up after them are seven years and the seven empty heads, withered by the east wind, are seven years. There will be seven years of famine.

28 “It is just as I have told Pharaoh. God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to do. 29 There will soon be seven years of great abundance in the land of Egypt. 30 Then the seven years after these will be seven years of famine. The years of abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt, and famine will ravage the land. 31 It will be forgotten that there was abundance in the land, for the famine that will follow will be very severe. 32 As for the fact that the dream was repeated twice, this means that God has decided the matter and God is hastening to fulfill it.

33 “Pharaoh should seek and find an intelligent and wise man and place him in charge of the land of Egypt. 34 Pharaoh should also appoint overseers in the land to collect a fifth of the produce of the land during the years of abundance. 35 They should collect all the food in these good years that are about to take place. They will gather the grain under the authority of Pharaoh and place it in granaries in the cities. 36 This food will serve as a reserve in the land for the seven years of famine that will come upon the land of Egypt. Thus, the land will not be devastated during the famine.”

37 Joseph Is Made Viceroy of Egypt.[c] Pharaoh and all his ministers were pleased with this. 38 Pharaoh said to his ministers, “Could we find another man like this, in whom one finds the Spirit of God?”

39 So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has revealed all this to you, there is surely no one as intelligent or as wise as you. 40 You shall be in charge of my house. You shall have authority over all my people. Only the throne shall outrank you.”

41 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Behold, I have made you ruler of the entire land of Egypt.” 42 [d]Pharaoh took the ring off his finger and placed it on the finger of Joseph. He dressed him in clothes made of the finest linen and placed a gold chain around his neck. 43 He had him ride in the chariot of his vizier, and before him they cried, “Make way!” He made him ruler of the entire land of Egypt.

44 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, but without your permission no one can raise a hand or a foot in the entire land of Egypt.” 45 And Pharaoh named Joseph Zaphenath-peneah. He gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, a priest of On,[e] as his wife. Joseph went throughout the entire land of Egypt.

46 Joseph was thirty years old when he was brought before Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. Joseph left the presence of Pharaoh and traveled throughout the entire land of Egypt. 47 During the seven years of abundance the land was very fertile. 48 He collected all the food of these seven years when there was abundance in the land of Egypt. He placed the food in the cities, that is, in every city he deposited the food of the surrounding countryside. 49 Joseph gathered as much grain as the sand of the sea, enormous quantities. There was so much that it could no longer be measured, for it was beyond measure.

50 The Great Famine.[f] Joseph had two sons in the years that preceded the famine. They were born to Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, the priest of On. 51 Joseph called the firstborn Manasseh for, he said, “God has made me forget all my difficulties and my father’s entire family.” 52 He named the second son Ephraim for, he said, “God has made me prosper in the land of my affliction.”

53 The seven years of abundance in the land of Egypt ended, 54 and the seven years of famine began, just as Joseph had predicted. There was famine over the whole earth, but there was food in Egypt.

55 Then the whole land of Egypt began to feel the hunger, and the people cried out to Pharaoh to have food. Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph, and do whatever he tells you.”

56 The famine spread throughout the entire land. So Joseph opened up the storehouses in which he had placed the grain, and he sold it to the Egyptians. The famine kept getting worse in Egypt. 57 People came to Egypt from every country to buy grain from Joseph, for the famine was severe over the whole earth.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 41:1 Joseph here represents the divine wisdom (Wis 10:14), which is far more effective than the efforts of the soothsayers; God alone knows the meaning of events because he alone is master of them.
  2. Genesis 41:20 For the Egyptians the cow was a symbol of Hator. goddess of fertility, protector of the Nile, and goddess of the “Great Wave,” that is, the ocean. Seven cows symbolized Osiris, inventor of agriculture and of the seven-year cycle (the people had linked the alternate flooding of the Nile and drought with the seven-year cycle). It was believed that during a famine, animals and human beings devoured one another, in a meeting of death with hunger.
  3. Genesis 41:37 God’s Providence has turned the situation in Joseph’s favor. Invested as prime minister in the most pure Egyptian tradition, Joseph now presides over the destiny of the country to which he was sold as a slave.
  4. Genesis 41:42 The ring, fine linen robes, and gold neck-chain are the insignia of authority; they may also be seen on monuments. “Make way!”: Hebrew, Abrech, which may also mean “Kneel down!” and be a command to show supreme honor. Zaphenath-peneah: the meaning of the name is obscure; perhaps it means “God says: He is alive” or “He who explains hidden things.”
  5. Genesis 41:45 On: i.e., Heliopolis.
  6. Genesis 41:50 Joseph’s foresight and adroit administration avert a disaster in Egypt and turn the country into the granary of the Near East.

Pharaoh’s Dreams

41 When two full years had passed, Pharaoh had a dream:(A) He was standing by the Nile,(B) when out of the river there came up seven cows, sleek and fat,(C) and they grazed among the reeds.(D) After them, seven other cows, ugly and gaunt, came up out of the Nile and stood beside those on the riverbank. And the cows that were ugly and gaunt ate up the seven sleek, fat cows. Then Pharaoh woke up.(E)

He fell asleep again and had a second dream: Seven heads of grain,(F) healthy and good, were growing on a single stalk. After them, seven other heads of grain sprouted—thin and scorched by the east wind.(G) The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven healthy, full heads. Then Pharaoh woke up;(H) it had been a dream.

In the morning his mind was troubled,(I) so he sent for all the magicians(J) and wise men of Egypt. Pharaoh told them his dreams, but no one could interpret them for him.(K)

Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh, “Today I am reminded of my shortcomings.(L) 10 Pharaoh was once angry with his servants,(M) and he imprisoned me and the chief baker in the house of the captain of the guard.(N) 11 Each of us had a dream the same night, and each dream had a meaning of its own.(O) 12 Now a young Hebrew(P) was there with us, a servant of the captain of the guard.(Q) We told him our dreams, and he interpreted them for us, giving each man the interpretation of his dream.(R) 13 And things turned out exactly as he interpreted them to us: I was restored to my position, and the other man was impaled.(S)

14 So Pharaoh sent for Joseph, and he was quickly brought from the dungeon.(T) When he had shaved(U) and changed his clothes,(V) he came before Pharaoh.

15 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream, and no one can interpret it.(W) But I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.”(X)

16 “I cannot do it,” Joseph replied to Pharaoh, “but God will give Pharaoh the answer he desires.”(Y)

17 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream I was standing on the bank of the Nile,(Z) 18 when out of the river there came up seven cows, fat and sleek, and they grazed among the reeds.(AA) 19 After them, seven other cows came up—scrawny and very ugly and lean. I had never seen such ugly cows in all the land of Egypt. 20 The lean, ugly cows ate up the seven fat cows that came up first. 21 But even after they ate them, no one could tell that they had done so; they looked just as ugly as before. Then I woke up.

22 “In my dream I saw seven heads of grain, full and good, growing on a single stalk. 23 After them, seven other heads sprouted—withered and thin and scorched by the east wind. 24 The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven good heads. I told this to the magicians, but none of them could explain it to me.(AB)

25 Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dreams of Pharaoh are one and the same.(AC) God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to do.(AD) 26 The seven good cows(AE) are seven years, and the seven good heads of grain are seven years; it is one and the same dream. 27 The seven lean, ugly cows that came up afterward are seven years, and so are the seven worthless heads of grain scorched by the east wind: They are seven years of famine.(AF)

28 “It is just as I said to Pharaoh: God has shown Pharaoh what he is about to do.(AG) 29 Seven years of great abundance(AH) are coming throughout the land of Egypt, 30 but seven years of famine(AI) will follow them. Then all the abundance in Egypt will be forgotten, and the famine will ravage the land.(AJ) 31 The abundance in the land will not be remembered, because the famine that follows it will be so severe. 32 The reason the dream was given to Pharaoh in two forms is that the matter has been firmly decided(AK) by God, and God will do it soon.(AL)

33 “And now let Pharaoh look for a discerning and wise man(AM) and put him in charge of the land of Egypt.(AN) 34 Let Pharaoh appoint commissioners(AO) over the land to take a fifth(AP) of the harvest of Egypt during the seven years of abundance.(AQ) 35 They should collect all the food of these good years that are coming and store up the grain under the authority of Pharaoh, to be kept in the cities for food.(AR) 36 This food should be held in reserve for the country, to be used during the seven years of famine that will come upon Egypt,(AS) so that the country may not be ruined by the famine.”

37 The plan seemed good to Pharaoh and to all his officials.(AT) 38 So Pharaoh asked them, “Can we find anyone like this man, one in whom is the spirit of God[a]?”(AU)

39 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has made all this known to you,(AV) there is no one so discerning and wise as you.(AW) 40 You shall be in charge of my palace,(AX) and all my people are to submit to your orders.(AY) Only with respect to the throne will I be greater than you.(AZ)

Joseph in Charge of Egypt

41 So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I hereby put you in charge of the whole land of Egypt.”(BA) 42 Then Pharaoh took his signet ring(BB) from his finger and put it on Joseph’s finger. He dressed him in robes(BC) of fine linen(BD) and put a gold chain around his neck.(BE) 43 He had him ride in a chariot(BF) as his second-in-command,[b](BG) and people shouted before him, “Make way[c]!”(BH) Thus he put him in charge of the whole land of Egypt.(BI)

44 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, but without your word no one will lift hand or foot in all Egypt.”(BJ) 45 Pharaoh gave Joseph(BK) the name Zaphenath-Paneah and gave him Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest(BL) of On,[d](BM) to be his wife.(BN) And Joseph went throughout the land of Egypt.

46 Joseph was thirty years old(BO) when he entered the service(BP) of Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from Pharaoh’s presence and traveled throughout Egypt. 47 During the seven years of abundance(BQ) the land produced plentifully. 48 Joseph collected all the food produced in those seven years of abundance in Egypt and stored it in the cities.(BR) In each city he put the food grown in the fields surrounding it. 49 Joseph stored up huge quantities of grain, like the sand of the sea;(BS) it was so much that he stopped keeping records because it was beyond measure.

50 Before the years of famine came, two sons were born to Joseph by Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On.(BT) 51 Joseph named his firstborn(BU) Manasseh[e](BV) and said, “It is because God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father’s household.” 52 The second son he named Ephraim[f](BW) and said, “It is because God has made me fruitful(BX) in the land of my suffering.”

53 The seven years of abundance in Egypt came to an end, 54 and the seven years of famine(BY) began,(BZ) just as Joseph had said. There was famine in all the other lands, but in the whole land of Egypt there was food. 55 When all Egypt began to feel the famine,(CA) the people cried to Pharaoh for food. Then Pharaoh told all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph and do what he tells you.”(CB)

56 When the famine had spread over the whole country, Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold grain to the Egyptians,(CC) for the famine(CD) was severe throughout Egypt.(CE) 57 And all the world came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph,(CF) because the famine was severe everywhere.(CG)

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 41:38 Or of the gods
  2. Genesis 41:43 Or in the chariot of his second-in-command; or in his second chariot
  3. Genesis 41:43 Or Bow down
  4. Genesis 41:45 That is, Heliopolis; also in verse 50
  5. Genesis 41:51 Manasseh sounds like and may be derived from the Hebrew for forget.
  6. Genesis 41:52 Ephraim sounds like the Hebrew for twice fruitful.