Esther 9
New Catholic Bible
Chapter 9
Triumph of the Jews.[a] 1 On the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of Adar, the edict of the king was to become effective. It was on this day that the enemies of the Jews had expected to become masters of them. But in a role reversal it was the Jews who became masters of their enemies. 2 The Jews assembled in their cities in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus to attack those seeking their destruction. No one could withstand them, because the people of all the other nationalities were afraid of them. 3 Moreover, all of the provinces, the satraps, the governors and the king’s administrators helped the Jews, out of fear of Mordecai. 4 Mordecai was powerful in the palace: his fame spread throughout the provinces, and his power kept on growing.
5 The Jews overcame all their enemies with the sword, killing and destroying them, and did what they pleased to their enemies. 6 In the citadel of Susa, they killed and destroyed five hundred men. 7 They also killed Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha, 8 Porathai, Adalia, Aridatha, 9 Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, and Vaizatha, 10 the ten sons of Haman, son of Hammedatha, the enemy of the Jews. However, they did not engage in plundering.
11 On the same day, the number of those slain in the citadel of Susa was reported to the king. 12 He said to Queen Esther, “The Jews have killed and destroyed five hundred men and the ten sons of Haman in the citadel of Susa. But what must they have done in the other royal provinces! You shall again be granted whatever you ask, and whatever you request will be honored.”
13 “If it pleases the king,” Esther replied, “let the Jews in Susa be permitted again to carry out this day’s edict tomorrow also, and let the ten sons of Haman be hanged on gibbets.”
14 The king then gave an order that this should be done. An edict was issued in Susa, and they hanged the ten sons of Haman. 15 The Jews in Susa came together on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar, and they put to death three hundred men in Susa. However, they did not engage in plundering.[b]
16 Meanwhile, the other Jews who were in the king’s provinces also assembled to protect themselves and to obtain rest from their enemies. They killed seventy-five thousand[c] of them, but they did not engage in plundering. 17 This took place on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar, and on the fourteenth day of the month they rested and made it a day of feasting and joy.
18 The Jews in Susa, however, had assembled on the thirteenth and fourteenth of the month of Adar. On the fifteenth of the month they rested, and made it a day of feasting and joy.
19 That is why rural Jews, who live in villages, observe the fourteenth of the month of Adar as a day of feasting and rejoicing, a holiday on which they give presents to one another. Instead, those who live in large cities celebrate the fifteenth of Adar as a day of feasting and joy and give presents to each other.[d]
20 The Feast of Purim.[e] Mordecai recorded these events, and dispatched letters to all the Jews throughout the provinces of King Ahasuerus, to both those who were near and those who were far off. 21 He commanded them to celebrate every year the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month of Adar, 22 as the time when the Jews succeeded in obtaining relief from their enemies and as the month when their sorrow was turned into joy and their mourning into a day of celebration. He wrote them to observe these days as days of feasting and rejoicing, sending food to one another and gifts to the poor.
23 So the Jews accepted all that Mordecai had written to them. 24 For Haman, son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews, had hatched a plot to destroy them and had cast the pur (that is, the lot) for their defeat and destruction. 25 But when Esther entered the royal presence, the king gave written orders that the wicked scheme Haman had devised against the Jews should be turned against him instead and that he and his sons should be hanged on gibbets. 26 (Therefore, these days were called Purim,[f] from the word pur.)
Because of everything mentioned in this letter and because of what they had seen and what they had experienced, 27 the Jews took upon themselves, their descendants, and any who should join them,[g] the inviolable obligation to celebrate these two days every year in the way prescribed and at the time appointed.
28 These days were to be remembered in every generation by every family, and in every province and in every city. Moreover, these days of Purim were never to fall into disuse among the Jews, nor should their memory die out among their descendants.
29 Queen Esther, daughter of Abihail and of Mordecai the Jew, wrote with complete authority to confirm this second letter about Purim. 30 And Mordecai sent documents about peace and security to all the Jews in the one hundred and twenty-seven provinces of Ahasuerus’s kingdom. 31 Thus, there were established, for their appointed time, these days of Purim that Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther had designated for the Jews, and as they had established for themselves and for their race, the duty of fasting and supplication. 32 Esther’s decree confirmed these rules concerning Purim, and it was recorded in the book.
Chapter 10
The Greatness of Mordecai.1 King Ahasuerus imposed tribute throughout the land to its distant shores.2 And all his acts of power and might, as well as an account of the greatness of Mordecai, whom the king promoted, are set down in the book of the annals of the kings of Media and Persia.3 Mordecai the Jew was second in rank to King Ahasuerus, preeminent among the Jews, and held in high esteem by his fellow Jews because he worked for the good of his people and was the herald of peace for his whole race.
Epilogue
Chapter F
Mordecai’s Dream Fulfilled.[h]1 Then Mordecai said: “All this is God’s doing,2 for I remember the dream I had about these events, and not one of them has failed to be fulfilled—3 the tiny spring that became a river, the light that shone, the sun, the abundance of water. The river is Esther, whom the king married and established as queen.4 The two dragons are Haman and myself.5 The nations are those who joined together to extinguish the name of the Jews.6 And my nation is Israel who cried to God for deliverance and was saved.
“The Lord has saved his people and delivered us from all these evils. God has performed great signs and wonders such as have never before occurred among the nations.7 To accomplish this he prepared two lots,[i] one for the people of God and one for all the nations.8 These lots were cast at the prescribed hour and time, on the day of judgment before God and all the nations.9 And God remembered his people and rendered a verdict of justice in favor of his heritage.
10 “Therefore, they are to assemble with joy and gladness before God and celebrate these days in the month of Adar, on the fourteenth and fifteenth of that month, from generation to generation among his people Israel forever.”
A Postscript about Purim.11 In the fourth year[j] of the reign of Ptolemy and Cleopatra, Dositheus, who said he was a priest and Levite, and his son, Ptolemy, brought to Egypt the preceding letter about Purim, saying that it was genuine and had been translated by Lysimachus, son of Ptolemy, of the community of Jerusalem.
Footnotes
- Esther 9:1 This episode of blood, in which facts and numbers are certainly exaggerated, illustrates an idea frequently found in the Bible: sooner or later justice is rendered for the oppressed. It is noteworthy that the author thinks of a limited retaliation and excludes plundering. The evolution of conscience takes from the whole Bible, and especially from the New Testament, a sense of God and a respect for persons that were not yet attained at this epoch.
- Esther 9:15 This second massacre accounts for the two dates of the Purim celebration by Jews in Susa—thirteenth and fourteenth of Adar (see v. 18).
- Esther 9:16 Seventy-five thousand: in the Greek version, the number is fifteen thousand. This too may be the result of a literary artifice as in the case of the gallows for Mordecai (see Est 5:14).
- Esther 9:19 Instead . . . other: found only in the Greek.
- Esther 9:20 Haman had cast the lot (pur) to decide to exterminate the Jews. The latter, providentially vindicated, must celebrate annually the anniversary day of this memorable fact. In reality, the true origin of this feast, which was to take place in February–March, is unknown. Probably these celebrations of the beginning of the year were not very religious at their origin and common to other people. But thanks to the Book of Esther, they have become for the Jewish communities a feast of their freedom. This feast began with a fast, and the Book of Esther was read in the synagogue stressing the maledictions against the enemies of Israel. Hence, popular feasts took place with well sprinkled meals and masked manifestations similar to a carnival.
- Esther 9:26 The Feast of Purim is still celebrated among the Jews. The thirteenth day is a fast and the Book of Esther is read; the fourteenth day, after a new reading from the Book of Esther, is spent joyously recalling and celebrating the divine benefits.
- Esther 9:27 Any who should join them: that is, the proselytes, pagans converted to Judaism.
- Esther 9:32 Historically, it is not very likely that a Jew could have carried out the high functions of Mordecai at the Persian court. He has such importance in the present Book that it could also be called “Mordecai the Jew.” Hence, the Feast of Purim was at times known as Mordecai’s Day (2 Mac 15:36).
- Esther 9:32 Two lots: the Greek text here gives a more religious interpretation of Purim, speaking of lots prepared by God to ascertain the destiny of the people of God and that of all the nations. (See Est 3:7 for another explanation for the name of the feast.) Hence, we know that in 114 B.C. a Jewish community in Egypt received the Book of Esther from the established community in Judea, most likely in connection with the Feast of Purim of which the text speaks.
- Esther 9:32 Fourth year: probably 114 B.C. There were three Ptolemys who had a wife called Cleopatra: Ptolemy VIII (114 B.C.), Ptolemy XII (77 B.C.), and Ptolemy XIV (48 B.C.). Most scholars favor the first here. The preceding letter: a reference to the entire Book of Esther, probably including some of the Additions as well.
Esther 9
King James Version
9 Now in the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king's commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have power over them, (though it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them;)
2 The Jews gathered themselves together in their cities throughout all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, to lay hand on such as sought their hurt: and no man could withstand them; for the fear of them fell upon all people.
3 And all the rulers of the provinces, and the lieutenants, and the deputies, and officers of the king, helped the Jews; because the fear of Mordecai fell upon them.
4 For Mordecai was great in the king's house, and his fame went out throughout all the provinces: for this man Mordecai waxed greater and greater.
5 Thus the Jews smote all their enemies with the stroke of the sword, and slaughter, and destruction, and did what they would unto those that hated them.
6 And in Shushan the palace the Jews slew and destroyed five hundred men.
7 And Parshandatha, and Dalphon, and Aspatha,
8 And Poratha, and Adalia, and Aridatha,
9 And Parmashta, and Arisai, and Aridai, and Vajezatha,
10 The ten sons of Haman the son of Hammedatha, the enemy of the Jews, slew they; but on the spoil laid they not their hand.
11 On that day the number of those that were slain in Shushan the palace was brought before the king.
12 And the king said unto Esther the queen, The Jews have slain and destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the palace, and the ten sons of Haman; what have they done in the rest of the king's provinces? now what is thy petition? and it shall be granted thee: or what is thy request further? and it shall be done.
13 Then said Esther, If it please the king, let it be granted to the Jews which are in Shushan to do to morrow also according unto this day's decree, and let Haman's ten sons be hanged upon the gallows.
14 And the king commanded it so to be done: and the decree was given at Shushan; and they hanged Haman's ten sons.
15 For the Jews that were in Shushan gathered themselves together on the fourteenth day also of the month Adar, and slew three hundred men at Shushan; but on the prey they laid not their hand.
16 But the other Jews that were in the king's provinces gathered themselves together, and stood for their lives, and had rest from their enemies, and slew of their foes seventy and five thousand, but they laid not their hands on the prey,
17 On the thirteenth day of the month Adar; and on the fourteenth day of the same rested they, and made it a day of feasting and gladness.
18 But the Jews that were at Shushan assembled together on the thirteenth day thereof, and on the fourteenth thereof; and on the fifteenth day of the same they rested, and made it a day of feasting and gladness.
19 Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.
20 And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far,
21 To stablish this among them, that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of the same, yearly,
22 As the days wherein the Jews rested from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to joy, and from mourning into a good day: that they should make them days of feasting and joy, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the poor.
23 And the Jews undertook to do as they had begun, and as Mordecai had written unto them;
24 Because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;
25 But when Esther came before the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he devised against the Jews, should return upon his own head, and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.
26 Wherefore they called these days Purim after the name of Pur. Therefore for all the words of this letter, and of that which they had seen concerning this matter, and which had come unto them,
27 The Jews ordained, and took upon them, and upon their seed, and upon all such as joined themselves unto them, so as it should not fail, that they would keep these two days according to their writing, and according to their appointed time every year;
28 And that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, every family, every province, and every city; and that these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews, nor the memorial of them perish from their seed.
29 Then Esther the queen, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew, wrote with all authority, to confirm this second letter of Purim.
30 And he sent the letters unto all the Jews, to the hundred twenty and seven provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus, with words of peace and truth,
31 To confirm these days of Purim in their times appointed, according as Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had enjoined them, and as they had decreed for themselves and for their seed, the matters of the fastings and their cry.
32 And the decree of Esther confirmed these matters of Purim; and it was written in the book.
