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2. LA SUPERIORITA' DEL CULTO, DEL SANTUARIO E DELLA MEDIAZIONE DEL CRISTO SACERDOTE

Il nuovo sacerdozio e il nuovo santuario

Il punto capitale delle cose che stiamo dicendo è questo: noi abbiamo un sommo sacerdote così grande che si è assiso alla destra del trono della maestà nei cieli, ministro del santuario e della vera tenda che il Signore, e non un uomo, ha costruito.

Ogni sommo sacerdote infatti viene costituito per offrire doni e sacrifici: di qui la necessità che anch'egli abbia qualcosa da offrire. Se Gesù fosse sulla terra, egli non sarebbe neppure sacerdote, poiché vi sono quelli che offrono i doni secondo la legge. Questi però attendono a un servizio che è una copia e un'ombra delle realtà celesti, secondo quanto fu detto da Dio a Mosè, quando stava per costruire la Tenda: Guarda, disse, di fare ogni cosa secondo il modello che ti è stato mostrato sul monte.

Il Cristo mediatore di un'alleanza migliore

Ora invece egli ha ottenuto un ministero tanto più eccellente quanto migliore è l'alleanza di cui è mediatore, essendo questa fondata su migliori promesse. Se la prima infatti fosse stata perfetta, non sarebbe stato il caso di stabilirne un'altra. Dio infatti, biasimando il suo popolo, dice:

Ecco vengono giorni, dice il Signore,
quando io stipulerò con la casa d'Israele
e con la casa di Giuda
un'alleanza nuova;
non come l'alleanza che feci con i loro padri,
nel giorno in cui li presi per mano
per farli uscire dalla terra d'Egitto;
poiché essi non son rimasti fedeli alla mia alleanza,
anch'io non ebbi più cura di loro, dice il Signore.
10 E questa è l'alleanza che io stipulerò con la casa
d'Israele
dopo quei giorni, dice il Signore:
porrò le mie leggi nella loro mente
e le imprimerò nei loro cuori;
sarò il loro Dio
ed essi saranno il mio popolo.
11 Né alcuno avrà più da istruire il suo concittadino,
né alcuno il proprio fratello, dicendo:
Conosci il Signore!
Tutti infatti mi conosceranno,
dal più piccolo al più grande di loro.
12 Perché io perdonerò le loro iniquità
e non mi ricorderò più dei loro peccati.

13 Dicendo però alleanza nuova, Dio ha dichiarato antiquata la prima; ora, ciò che diventa antico e invecchia, è prossimo a sparire.

Главное же в том, о чем говорим, есть то: мы имеем такого Первосвященника, Который воссел одесную престола величия на небесах

и [есть] священнодействователь святилища и скинии истинной, которую воздвиг Господь, а не человек.

Всякий первосвященник поставляется для приношения даров и жертв; а потому нужно было, чтобы и Сей также имел, что принести.

Если бы Он оставался на земле, то не был бы и священником, потому что [здесь] такие священники, которые по закону приносят дары,

которые служат образу и тени небесного, как сказано было Моисею, когда он приступал к совершению скинии: смотри, сказано, сделай все по образу, показанному тебе на горе.

Но Сей [Первосвященник] получил служение тем превосходнейшее, чем лучшего Он ходатай завета, который утвержден на лучших обетованиях.

Ибо, если бы первый [завет] был без недостатка, то не было бы нужды искать места другому.

Но [пророк], укоряя их, говорит: вот, наступают дни, говорит Господь, когда Я заключу с домом Израиля и с домом Иуды новый завет,

не такой завет, какой Я заключил с отцами их в то время, когда взял их за руку, чтобы вывести их из земли Египетской, потому что они не пребыли в том завете Моем, и Я пренебрег их, говорит Господь.

10 Вот завет, который завещаю дому Израилеву после тех дней, говорит Господь: вложу законы Мои в мысли их, и напишу их на сердцах их; и буду их Богом, а они будут Моим народом.

11 И не будет учить каждый ближнего своего и каждый брата своего, говоря: познай Господа; потому что все, от малого до большого, будут знать Меня,

12 потому что Я буду милостив к неправдам их, и грехов их и беззаконий их не воспомяну более.

13 Говоря 'новый', показал ветхость первого; а ветшающее и стареющее близко к уничтожению.

The High Priest of a New Covenant

Now the main point of what we are saying is this: We do have such a high priest,(A) who sat down at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in heaven,(B) and who serves in the sanctuary, the true tabernacle(C) set up by the Lord, not by a mere human being.

Every high priest(D) is appointed to offer both gifts and sacrifices,(E) and so it was necessary for this one also to have something to offer.(F) If he were on earth, he would not be a priest, for there are already priests who offer the gifts prescribed by the law.(G) They serve at a sanctuary that is a copy(H) and shadow(I) of what is in heaven. This is why Moses was warned(J) when he was about to build the tabernacle: “See to it that you make everything according to the pattern shown you on the mountain.”[a](K) But in fact the ministry Jesus has received is as superior to theirs as the covenant(L) of which he is mediator(M) is superior to the old one, since the new covenant is established on better promises.

For if there had been nothing wrong with that first covenant, no place would have been sought for another.(N) But God found fault with the people and said[b]:

“The days are coming, declares the Lord,
    when I will make a new covenant(O)
with the people of Israel
    and with the people of Judah.
It will not be like the covenant
    I made with their ancestors(P)
when I took them by the hand
    to lead them out of Egypt,
because they did not remain faithful to my covenant,
    and I turned away from them,
declares the Lord.
10 This is the covenant(Q) I will establish with the people of Israel
    after that time, declares the Lord.
I will put my laws in their minds
    and write them on their hearts.(R)
I will be their God,
    and they will be my people.(S)
11 No longer will they teach their neighbor,
    or say to one another, ‘Know the Lord,’
because they will all know me,(T)
    from the least of them to the greatest.
12 For I will forgive their wickedness
    and will remember their sins no more.(U)[c](V)

13 By calling this covenant “new,”(W) he has made the first one obsolete;(X) and what is obsolete and outdated will soon disappear.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 8:5 Exodus 25:40
  2. Hebrews 8:8 Some manuscripts may be translated fault and said to the people.
  3. Hebrews 8:12 Jer. 31:31-34

Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens;

A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man.

For every high priest is ordained to offer gifts and sacrifices: wherefore it is of necessity that this man have somewhat also to offer.

For if he were on earth, he should not be a priest, seeing that there are priests that offer gifts according to the law:

Who serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was admonished of God when he was about to make the tabernacle: for, See, saith he, that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the mount.

But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises.

For if that first covenant had been faultless, then should no place have been sought for the second.

For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah:

Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord.

10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people:

11 And they shall not teach every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest.

12 For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more.

13 In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away.