1 Samuel 1:9-4:11
La Bible du Semeur
La prière d’Anne
9 Cette fois-ci, après qu’on eut mangé et bu à Silo, Anne se leva et se rendit au sanctuaire de l’Eternel. Le prêtre Eli y était assis sur son siège près de la porte. 10 Très affligée, Anne pria l’Eternel en pleurant à chaudes larmes. 11 Alors elle fit le vœu suivant : Eternel, Seigneur des armées célestes, si tu veux bien considérer la misère de ta servante et si tu interviens en ma faveur, si tu ne délaisses pas ta servante et si tu me donnes un fils, alors je te le consacrerai pour toute sa vie ; ses cheveux et sa barbe ne seront jamais coupés[a].
12 Comme elle priait longuement devant l’Eternel, Eli observait le mouvement de ses lèvres. 13 Anne priait intérieurement : ses lèvres bougeaient, mais on n’entendait pas sa voix. Eli pensa qu’elle était ivre 14 et il l’interpella : Combien de temps encore veux-tu étaler ton ivresse ? Va cuver ton vin ailleurs !
15 Anne lui répondit : Non, monseigneur, je ne suis pas ivre, je n’ai bu ni vin ni boisson alcoolisée, mais je suis très malheureuse et j’épanchais mon cœur devant l’Eternel. 16 Ne me juge pas mal et ne me considère pas comme une femme perverse. Si j’ai prié aussi longtemps, c’est parce que mon cœur débordait de chagrin et de douleur.
17 – Dans ce cas, lui dit Eli, va en paix, et que le Dieu d’Israël exauce la requête que tu lui as adressée.
18 Anne répondit : Je me recommande à ta bienveillance.
Puis elle s’en alla, se restaura et son visage fut différent.
19 Le lendemain, de bon matin, Elqana et sa famille se prosternèrent devant l’Eternel, puis ils rentrèrent chez eux à Rama. Elqana s’unit à Anne, sa femme, et l’Eternel intervint en sa faveur. 20 Elle fut enceinte et, au terme de sa grossesse, elle mit au monde un garçon auquel elle donna le nom de Samuel (Dieu a entendu) car, dit-elle, « je l’ai demandé à l’Eternel[b] ».
Anne consacre son enfant à Dieu
21 L’année suivante, Elqana se rendit de nouveau à Silo avec toute sa famille pour offrir à l’Eternel le sacrifice annuel et pour accomplir le vœu qu’il avait fait. 22 Mais Anne ne l’accompagna pas. Elle dit en effet à son mari : J’attends que l’enfant soit sevré[c], alors je l’emmènerai à Silo pour le présenter à l’Eternel et il restera là-bas pour toujours.
23 Son mari lui dit : Fais comme tu le juges bon et attends de l’avoir sevré. Que la promesse de l’Eternel se réalise.
Anne resta donc à la maison pour allaiter son enfant jusqu’à ce qu’il soit sevré.
24 A ce moment-là, elle l’emmena avec elle au sanctuaire de l’Eternel à Silo, en apportant un taureau de trois ans[d], dix kilogrammes de farine et une outre de vin. Le garçon était encore tout jeune. 25 Ils offrirent le taureau en sacrifice et présentèrent l’enfant à Eli. 26 Anne lui dit : Excuse-moi, monseigneur, aussi vrai que tu vis, monseigneur, je suis cette femme qui se tenait près de toi, ici même, pour prier l’Eternel. 27 C’était pour obtenir cet enfant que je priais, et l’Eternel m’a accordé ce que je lui demandais. 28 A mon tour, je veux le consacrer à l’Eternel : pour toute sa vie, il lui sera consacré.
Là-dessus, ils se prosternèrent[e] là devant l’Eternel.
Le cantique d’Anne
2 Alors Anne prononça cette prière[f] :
La joie remplit mon cœur, ╵c’est grâce à l’Eternel ;
oui, grâce à l’Eternel, ╵mon front s’est relevé
et j’ai de quoi répondre ╵à ceux qui me blessaient.
Oui, je jubile, ╵car Dieu m’a secourue.
2 Nul ne l’égale. ╵L’Eternel seul est saint,
et, à part lui, ╵il n’y a pas de Dieu,
pas de rocher ╵semblable à notre Dieu.
3 Que cessent donc, ╵vos paroles hautaines
et les bravades ╵sortant de votre bouche !
Car l’Eternel ╵est un Dieu qui sait tout,
c’est lui qui pèse ╵les actes des humains.
4 Voilà brisé ╵l’arc des guerriers !
Ceux qui chancellent ╵sont armés de vigueur.
5 Tous les repus ╵s’embauchent pour du pain,
les affamés ╵seront comblés de biens
et la stérile ╵met sept enfants au monde,
alors que celle ╵qui en avait beaucoup ╵sera flétrie.
6 C’est l’Eternel ╵qui fait mourir et vivre,
il fait descendre ╵dans le séjour des morts ╵et en fait remonter.
7 L’Eternel seul ╵dépouille et enrichit,
il humilie, ╵et il élève aussi.
8 De la poussière, ╵il arrache le pauvre,
et il relève ╵l’indigent de la fange
pour l’installer ╵au milieu des puissants
et lui donner ╵une place d’honneur.
A l’Eternel ╵sont les fondements de la terre,
et c’est sur eux ╵qu’il a posé le monde.
9 Il gardera les pas ╵de ceux qui lui sont attachés,
mais les méchants ╵périront dans la nuit,
car aucun homme ╵n’est vainqueur par la force.
10 Ceux qui contestent ╵contre Dieu sont brisés.
Du haut du ciel, ╵il tonnera contre eux.
Il jugera ╵les confins de la terre ;
il donnera ╵la puissance à son roi
et il élèvera ╵l’homme qui, de sa part, ╵a reçu l’onction d’huile.
11 Après cela, Elqana retourna chez lui à Rama, et le jeune garçon fut au service de l’Eternel auprès du prêtre Eli.
Des prêtres corrompus
12 Les fils d’Eli étaient des vauriens qui ne se souciaient pas de l’Eternel. 13 En effet, voici comment ils agissaient à l’égard du peuple. Chaque fois que quelqu’un offrait un sacrifice, au moment où la viande cuisait, un de leurs serviteurs arrivait, une fourchette à trois dents à la main. 14 Il piquait dans la casserole, la marmite, le chaudron ou le pot, et prenait pour le prêtre tout ce que la fourchette ramenait. C’est ainsi qu’ils procédaient envers tous les Israélites qui venaient à Silo. 15 Et même parfois, avant que l’on fasse brûler la graisse[g], le serviteur du prêtre arrivait et disait à l’homme qui offrait le sacrifice : Donne-moi de la viande à rôtir pour le prêtre, car il n’acceptera de toi que de la viande crue, il ne veut pas de viande cuite.
16 Si l’offrant objectait : « Il faut d’abord brûler la graisse, ensuite tu pourras prendre ce que tu voudras », le serviteur lui répondait : Tu m’en donnes immédiatement, sinon j’en prends de force.
17 Le péché de ces jeunes gens était très grave aux yeux de l’Eternel, car ils profanaient les offrandes faites à l’Eternel.
Samuel et ses parents
18 Mais Samuel accomplissait son service en présence de l’Eternel. Ce jeune garçon était vêtu d’un vêtement de lin semblable à ceux des prêtres. 19 Chaque année, sa mère lui confectionnait un petit vêtement qu’elle lui apportait quand elle venait avec son mari offrir le sacrifice annuel. 20 Eli bénit Elqana et sa femme en disant : Que l’Eternel t’accorde d’autres enfants de cette femme pour remplacer celui qu’elle a consacré à l’Eternel !
Puis ils repartirent chez eux. 21 L’Eternel intervint en faveur d’Anne : elle fut plusieurs fois enceinte et mit au monde trois fils et deux filles, tandis que le jeune Samuel grandissait dans la présence de l’Eternel.
Eli et ses fils
22 Eli était très âgé. Il entendait dire comment ses fils agissaient envers les Israélites, et même qu’ils couchaient avec les femmes qui se rassemblaient à l’entrée de la tente de la Rencontre. 23 Il leur dit : Pourquoi agissez-vous ainsi ? J’apprends de tout le peuple votre mauvaise conduite. 24 Cessez donc, mes fils, car ce que j’entends raconter n’est pas beau. Vous détournez de la bonne voie le peuple de l’Eternel. 25 Si un homme pèche contre un autre, Dieu est là pour arbitrer, mais si quelqu’un pèche contre l’Eternel lui-même, qui interviendra en sa faveur ?
Mais les fils ne tinrent aucun compte de l’avertissement de leur père, car l’Eternel voulait les faire mourir.
26 Le jeune Samuel continuait à croître et il gagnait de plus en plus la faveur de Dieu et celle des hommes.
L’Eternel annonce le châtiment à Eli
27 Un jour, un homme de Dieu[h] vint trouver Eli et lui dit : Voici ce que déclare l’Eternel : « Est-ce que je ne me suis pas clairement fait connaître à tes ancêtres et à leur famille quand ils vivaient encore en Egypte, esclaves du pharaon ? 28 Je les ai choisis parmi toutes les tribus d’Israël pour qu’ils exercent le sacerdoce pour moi en offrant les sacrifices sur mon autel, en brûlant l’encens, et pour qu’ils portent le vêtement sacerdotal devant moi. Je leur ai attribué une part de viande de tous les sacrifices consumés par le feu offerts par les Israélites[i]. 29 Pourquoi donc méprisez-vous les sacrifices et les offrandes qui me sont destinés et que j’ai ordonné d’offrir dans ma demeure ? Pourquoi honores-tu tes fils plus que moi en vous engraissant des meilleurs morceaux des sacrifices que mon peuple Israël vient m’offrir ? » 30 Puisqu’il en est ainsi, voici ce que moi, l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël, je déclare : « J’avais promis à ta famille et à celle de tes ancêtres que vous seriez toujours chargés du service devant moi[j]. Mais à présent, moi l’Eternel, je le déclare : c’est fini ! Car j’honorerai ceux qui m’honorent, mais ceux qui me méprisent seront à leur tour couverts d’opprobre. 31 Voici que le temps va venir où je briserai ta vigueur et celle de ta famille, de sorte qu’on n’y trouvera plus de vieillard. 32 Alors que tout ira bien pour Israël, tu verras la détresse au sujet de ma demeure et personne n’atteindra plus jamais un âge avancé dans ta famille. 33 Cependant, je maintiendrai l’un des tiens au service de mon autel, mais ce sera pour épuiser tes yeux à pleurer et pour t’affliger, et tous tes descendants mourront dans la force de l’âge. 34 Ce qui arrivera à tes deux fils, Hophni et Phinéas, sera pour toi un signe : ils mourront tous deux le même jour. 35 Ensuite, je me choisirai un prêtre fidèle qui agira selon ma pensée et mes désirs. Je lui bâtirai une dynastie qui me sera fidèle et qui officiera en présence du roi auquel j’aurai accordé l’onction. 36 Ceux qui subsisteront dans ta famille viendront se prosterner devant lui pour obtenir une obole et un morceau de pain, et ils lui diront : De grâce, accorde-nous une charge sacerdotale quelconque à côté de toi, pour que nous ayons du moins quelque chose à manger. »
Dieu parle à Samuel
3 Le jeune Samuel accomplissait le service de l’Eternel auprès d’Eli. A cette époque, l’Eternel parlait rarement aux hommes et les révélations que Dieu leur montrait n’étaient pas fréquentes. 2 Une nuit, le prêtre Eli, dont la vue s’était très affaiblie et qui était presque aveugle, était couché dans sa chambre. 3 La lampe sacrée[k] brûlait encore et Samuel dormait dans le sanctuaire de l’Eternel, là où était déposé le coffre de Dieu. 4 L’Eternel appela Samuel ; celui-ci répondit : Oui, je suis là !
5 Il courut vers Eli et lui dit : Tu m’as appelé, je suis là.
– Je n’ai pas appelé, lui dit Eli, retourne te coucher.
Et Samuel alla se recoucher. 6 L’Eternel appela encore : Samuel !
Samuel se leva et retourna auprès d’Eli.
– Tu m’as appelé, je suis là, lui dit-il.
– Je n’ai pas appelé, mon fils, lui dit Eli, va te recoucher.
7 Or Samuel ne connaissait pas encore l’Eternel et celui-ci ne lui avait encore jamais parlé directement.
8 L’Eternel appela Samuel pour la troisième fois ; celui-ci se leva, se rendit auprès d’Eli et lui répéta : Me voici, car tu m’as appelé.
Alors Eli comprit que c’était l’Eternel qui appelait le jeune garçon 9 et il dit à Samuel : Va, couche-toi, et si on t’appelle, tu diras : « Parle, Eternel, car ton serviteur écoute. »
Samuel alla donc se coucher à sa place.
10 L’Eternel vint se placer près de lui et il l’appela comme les autres fois : Samuel ! Samuel !
Celui-ci répondit : Parle, car ton serviteur écoute.
11 Alors l’Eternel dit à Samuel : Voici, je vais faire quelque chose en Israël qui abasourdira tous ceux qui l’apprendront. 12 J’accomplirai à l’égard d’Eli toutes les menaces que j’ai prononcées contre sa famille, du début à la fin. 13 Je l’ai averti que j’exerce mon jugement sur sa famille pour toujours parce qu’il a su la faute de ses fils qui se rendent méprisables[l], et il ne les a pas châtiés. 14 C’est pourquoi je déclare solennellement à la famille d’Eli qu’aucun sacrifice, aucune offrande n’expiera jamais leur faute.
15 Samuel resta couché jusqu’au matin, puis il se leva pour ouvrir les portes du sanctuaire de l’Eternel. Il redoutait de devoir rapporter à Eli ce qui venait de lui être révélé. 16 Mais Eli l’appela et lui dit : Samuel, mon fils !
– Oui, je suis là, répondit l’enfant.
17 – Qu’est-ce qu’il t’a dit ? lui demanda Eli. Ne me cache rien. Que Dieu te punisse sévèrement si tu me caches un seul mot de tout ce qu’il t’a dit.
18 Alors Samuel lui rapporta toutes les paroles de l’Eternel sans rien lui cacher. Eli déclara : C’est l’Eternel. Qu’il fasse ce qu’il jugera bon !
19 Samuel grandissait, et l’Eternel était avec lui et ne laissait aucune de ses paroles rester sans effet. 20 Si bien que tout Israël, depuis Dan jusqu’à Beer-Sheva[m], reconnut que Samuel était vraiment un prophète de l’Eternel. 21 L’Eternel continua de se manifester à Silo. Là, il se révélait à Samuel et lui communiquait sa parole. [Eli devint très vieux et ses fils se conduisaient de plus en plus mal aux yeux de l’Eternel[n].]
4 Samuel transmettait à tout Israël la parole que l’Eternel lui adressait.
Le coffre de l’alliance aux mains des Philistins
[En ce temps-là, les Philistins se rassemblèrent pour faire la guerre à Israël et[o]] les Israélites se mirent en campagne pour les affronter. Ils dressèrent leur camp près d’Eben-Ezer et les Philistins établirent le leur à Apheq[p]. 2 Les Philistins se rangèrent en ordre de bataille pour affronter les Israélites. Le combat s’amplifia, les Philistins défirent les Israélites et tuèrent dans leurs rangs environ quatre mille hommes sur le champ de bataille. 3 Lorsque le peuple regagna le camp, les responsables d’Israël se demandèrent : Pourquoi l’Eternel nous a-t-il fait battre aujourd’hui par les Philistins ? Allons chercher le coffre de l’alliance de l’Eternel à Silo et ramenons-le au milieu de nous pour qu’il nous délivre de nos ennemis.
4 On envoya donc des gens à Silo et ils en ramenèrent le coffre de l’alliance de l’Eternel, le Seigneur des armées célestes qui trône entre les chérubins[q]. Les deux fils d’Eli, Hophni et Phinéas, accompagnèrent le coffre de l’alliance de Dieu.
5 Dès que le coffre arriva au camp, tous les Israélites poussèrent de si grands cris de joie que la terre en fut ébranlée. 6 En entendant ces acclamations, les Philistins se demandèrent ce que signifiaient ces grands cris dans le camp des Hébreux. Ils apprirent que le coffre de l’Eternel était arrivé au camp. 7 Alors ils prirent peur car ils se disaient : Dieu est venu dans le camp des Hébreux ! Et ils ajoutaient : Malheur à nous ! Il n’en était pas ainsi auparavant. 8 Malheur à nous ! Qui nous délivrera de ces dieux puissants ? Ce sont ces dieux-là[r] qui ont infligé toutes sortes de coups aux Egyptiens dans le désert[s]. 9 Philistins, soyez forts, soyez des hommes, sinon vous deviendrez les esclaves des Hébreux comme ils ont été les vôtres. Soyez donc des hommes et combattez !
10 Les Philistins livrèrent bataille et Israël fut vaincu. Chacun s’enfuit sous sa tente et ce fut une très lourde défaite : Israël perdit trente mille hommes. 11 Le coffre de Dieu fut pris par les Philistins et les deux fils d’Eli, Hophni et Phinéas, moururent.
Footnotes
- 1.11 Voir Nb 6.1-21.
- 1.20 En hébreu, le nom Samuel fait assonance avec le verbe entendre, exaucer.
- 1.22 Ce qui, selon les habitudes de ces pays, pouvait durer trois ans ou plus.
- 1.24 D’après le manuscrit hébreu de Qumrân, l’ancienne version grecque et la version syriaque ; le texte hébreu traditionnel a : trois taureaux.
- 1.28 D’après certains manuscrits hébreux, certains manuscrits de l’ancienne version grecque, la version syriaque et la Vulgate ; le texte hébreu traditionnel a : il se prosterna.
- 2.1 Pour les v. 1-10, voir Lc 1.46-55.
- 2.15 La Loi prescrivait de brûler sur l’autel la graisse et les parties grasses de la victime dès que celle-ci était égorgée (Lv 3.16 ; 4.8-10, 26, 31, 35 ; 7.28-31 ; 17.6).
- 2.27 Désignation fréquente des prophètes (voir 9.6, 10 ; 1 R 13.1, 14).
- 2.28 Voir Ex 28.1 ; Lv 7.35-36.
- 2.30 Ex 29.9 ; Lv 8 à 9 ; Nb 16 à 17 ; 25.13.
- 3.3 La lampe du chandelier d’or dans le lieu saint devait brûler toute la nuit (Ex 27.20-21 ; 30.7-8 ; Lv 24.3-4 ; 2 Ch 13.11). C’était donc vers le matin, mais avant l’aube.
- 3.13 L’ancienne version grecque a : qui blasphémaient Dieu.
- 3.20 Formule consacrée pour désigner tout le pays d’Israël, du nord (Dan) au sud (Beer-Sheva) (voir Jg 20.1).
- 3.21 Les mots entre crochets ne se trouvent que dans l’ancienne version grecque.
- 4.1 Les mots entre crochets ne se trouvent que dans l’ancienne version grecque.
- 4.1 Eben-Ezer et Apheq, deux lieux situés à quelque 40 kilomètres au nord-ouest de Jérusalem et distants de quelques kilomètres.
- 4.4 Voir Ex 25.22.
- 4.8 Les Philistins ne croyaient pas en un Dieu unique.
- 4.8 Allusion aux fléaux infligés à l’Egypte (Ex 7 à 11) et à l’anéantissement de l’armée égyptienne (Ex 14) dont la nouvelle s’était répandue en Canaan (Jos 2.10).
1 Samuel 1:9-4:11
New International Version
9 Once when they had finished eating and drinking in Shiloh, Hannah stood up. Now Eli the priest was sitting on his chair by the doorpost of the Lord’s house.(A) 10 In her deep anguish(B) Hannah prayed to the Lord, weeping bitterly. 11 And she made a vow,(C) saying, “Lord Almighty(D), if you will only look on your servant’s misery and remember(E) me, and not forget your servant but give her a son, then I will give him to the Lord for all the days of his life,(F) and no razor(G) will ever be used on his head.”
12 As she kept on praying to the Lord, Eli observed her mouth. 13 Hannah was praying in her heart, and her lips were moving but her voice was not heard. Eli thought she was drunk 14 and said to her, “How long are you going to stay drunk? Put away your wine.”
15 “Not so, my lord,” Hannah replied, “I am a woman who is deeply troubled.(H) I have not been drinking wine or beer; I was pouring(I) out my soul to the Lord. 16 Do not take your servant for a wicked woman; I have been praying here out of my great anguish and grief.”(J)
17 Eli answered, “Go in peace,(K) and may the God of Israel grant you what you have asked of him.(L)”
18 She said, “May your servant find favor in your eyes.(M)” Then she went her way and ate something, and her face was no longer downcast.(N)
19 Early the next morning they arose and worshiped before the Lord and then went back to their home at Ramah.(O) Elkanah made love to his wife Hannah, and the Lord remembered(P) her. 20 So in the course of time Hannah became pregnant and gave birth to a son.(Q) She named(R) him Samuel,[a](S) saying, “Because I asked the Lord for him.”
Hannah Dedicates Samuel
21 When her husband Elkanah went up with all his family to offer the annual(T) sacrifice to the Lord and to fulfill his vow,(U) 22 Hannah did not go. She said to her husband, “After the boy is weaned, I will take him and present(V) him before the Lord, and he will live there always.”[b]
23 “Do what seems best to you,” her husband Elkanah told her. “Stay here until you have weaned him; only may the Lord make good(W) his[c] word.” So the woman stayed at home and nursed her son until she had weaned(X) him.
24 After he was weaned, she took the boy with her, young as he was, along with a three-year-old bull,[d](Y) an ephah[e] of flour and a skin of wine, and brought him to the house of the Lord at Shiloh. 25 When the bull had been sacrificed, they brought the boy to Eli, 26 and she said to him, “Pardon me, my lord. As surely as you live, I am the woman who stood here beside you praying to the Lord. 27 I prayed(Z) for this child, and the Lord has granted me what I asked of him. 28 So now I give him to the Lord. For his whole life(AA) he will be given over to the Lord.” And he worshiped the Lord there.
Hannah’s Prayer
2 Then Hannah prayed and said:(AB)
“My heart rejoices(AC) in the Lord;
in the Lord my horn[f](AD) is lifted high.
My mouth boasts(AE) over my enemies,(AF)
for I delight in your deliverance.
2 “There is no one holy(AG) like(AH) the Lord;
there is no one besides you;
there is no Rock(AI) like our God.
3 “Do not keep talking so proudly
or let your mouth speak such arrogance,(AJ)
for the Lord is a God who knows,(AK)
and by him deeds(AL) are weighed.(AM)
4 “The bows of the warriors are broken,(AN)
but those who stumbled are armed with strength.(AO)
5 Those who were full hire themselves out for food,
but those who were hungry(AP) are hungry no more.
She who was barren(AQ) has borne seven children,
but she who has had many sons pines away.
6 “The Lord brings death and makes alive;(AR)
he brings down to the grave and raises up.(AS)
7 The Lord sends poverty and wealth;(AT)
he humbles and he exalts.(AU)
8 He raises(AV) the poor(AW) from the dust(AX)
and lifts the needy(AY) from the ash heap;
he seats them with princes
and has them inherit a throne of honor.(AZ)
“For the foundations(BA) of the earth are the Lord’s;
on them he has set the world.
9 He will guard the feet(BB) of his faithful servants,(BC)
but the wicked will be silenced in the place of darkness.(BD)
“It is not by strength(BE) that one prevails;
10 those who oppose the Lord will be broken.(BF)
The Most High will thunder(BG) from heaven;
the Lord will judge(BH) the ends of the earth.
11 Then Elkanah went home to Ramah,(BK) but the boy ministered(BL) before the Lord under Eli the priest.
Eli’s Wicked Sons
12 Eli’s sons were scoundrels; they had no regard(BM) for the Lord. 13 Now it was the practice(BN) of the priests that, whenever any of the people offered a sacrifice, the priest’s servant would come with a three-pronged fork in his hand while the meat(BO) was being boiled 14 and would plunge the fork into the pan or kettle or caldron or pot. Whatever the fork brought up the priest would take for himself. This is how they treated all the Israelites who came to Shiloh. 15 But even before the fat was burned, the priest’s servant would come and say to the person who was sacrificing, “Give the priest some meat to roast; he won’t accept boiled meat from you, but only raw.”
16 If the person said to him, “Let the fat(BP) be burned first, and then take whatever you want,” the servant would answer, “No, hand it over now; if you don’t, I’ll take it by force.”
17 This sin of the young men was very great in the Lord’s sight, for they[g] were treating the Lord’s offering with contempt.(BQ)
18 But Samuel was ministering(BR) before the Lord—a boy wearing a linen ephod.(BS) 19 Each year his mother made him a little robe and took it to him when she went up with her husband to offer the annual(BT) sacrifice. 20 Eli would bless Elkanah and his wife, saying, “May the Lord give you children by this woman to take the place of the one she prayed(BU) for and gave to[h] the Lord.” Then they would go home. 21 And the Lord was gracious to Hannah;(BV) she gave birth to three sons and two daughters. Meanwhile, the boy Samuel grew(BW) up in the presence of the Lord.
22 Now Eli, who was very old, heard about everything(BX) his sons were doing to all Israel and how they slept with the women(BY) who served at the entrance to the tent of meeting. 23 So he said to them, “Why do you do such things? I hear from all the people about these wicked deeds of yours. 24 No, my sons; the report I hear spreading among the Lord’s people is not good. 25 If one person sins against another, God[i] may mediate for the offender; but if anyone sins against the Lord, who will(BZ) intercede(CA) for them?” His sons, however, did not listen to their father’s rebuke, for it was the Lord’s will to put them to death.
26 And the boy Samuel continued to grow(CB) in stature and in favor with the Lord and with people.(CC)
Prophecy Against the House of Eli
27 Now a man of God(CD) came to Eli and said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Did I not clearly reveal myself to your ancestor’s family when they were in Egypt under Pharaoh? 28 I chose(CE) your ancestor out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to go up to my altar, to burn incense,(CF) and to wear an ephod(CG) in my presence. I also gave your ancestor’s family all the food offerings(CH) presented by the Israelites. 29 Why do you[j] scorn my sacrifice and offering(CI) that I prescribed for my dwelling?(CJ) Why do you honor your sons more than me by fattening yourselves on the choice parts of every offering made by my people Israel?’
30 “Therefore the Lord, the God of Israel, declares: ‘I promised that members of your family would minister before me forever.(CK)’ But now the Lord declares: ‘Far be it from me! Those who honor me I will honor,(CL) but those who despise(CM) me will be disdained.(CN) 31 The time is coming when I will cut short your strength and the strength of your priestly house, so that no one in it will reach old age,(CO) 32 and you will see distress(CP) in my dwelling. Although good will be done to Israel, no one in your family line will ever reach old age.(CQ) 33 Every one of you that I do not cut off from serving at my altar I will spare only to destroy your sight and sap your strength, and all your descendants(CR) will die in the prime of life.
34 “‘And what happens to your two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, will be a sign(CS) to you—they will both die(CT) on the same day.(CU) 35 I will raise up for myself a faithful priest,(CV) who will do according to what is in my heart and mind. I will firmly establish his priestly house, and they will minister before my anointed(CW) one always. 36 Then everyone left in your family line will come and bow down before him for a piece of silver and a loaf of bread and plead,(CX) “Appoint me to some priestly office so I can have food to eat.(CY)”’”
The Lord Calls Samuel
3 The boy Samuel ministered(CZ) before the Lord under Eli. In those days the word of the Lord was rare;(DA) there were not many visions.(DB)
2 One night Eli, whose eyes(DC) were becoming so weak that he could barely see,(DD) was lying down in his usual place. 3 The lamp(DE) of God had not yet gone out, and Samuel was lying down in the house(DF) of the Lord, where the ark(DG) of God was. 4 Then the Lord called Samuel.
Samuel answered, “Here I am.(DH)” 5 And he ran to Eli and said, “Here I am; you called me.”
But Eli said, “I did not call; go back and lie down.” So he went and lay down.
6 Again the Lord called, “Samuel!” And Samuel got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am; you called me.”
“My son,” Eli said, “I did not call; go back and lie down.”
7 Now Samuel did not yet know(DI) the Lord: The word(DJ) of the Lord had not yet been revealed(DK) to him.
8 A third time the Lord called, “Samuel!” And Samuel got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am; you called me.”
Then Eli realized that the Lord was calling the boy. 9 So Eli told Samuel, “Go and lie down, and if he calls you, say, ‘Speak, Lord, for your servant is listening.’” So Samuel went and lay down in his place.
10 The Lord came and stood there, calling as at the other times, “Samuel! Samuel!(DL)”
Then Samuel said, “Speak, for your servant is listening.”
11 And the Lord said to Samuel: “See, I am about to do something in Israel that will make the ears of everyone who hears about it tingle.(DM) 12 At that time I will carry out against Eli everything(DN) I spoke against his family—from beginning to end. 13 For I told him that I would judge his family forever because of the sin he knew about; his sons blasphemed God,[k] and he failed to restrain(DO) them. 14 Therefore I swore to the house of Eli, ‘The guilt of Eli’s house will never be atoned(DP) for by sacrifice or offering.’”
15 Samuel lay down until morning and then opened the doors of the house of the Lord. He was afraid to tell Eli the vision, 16 but Eli called him and said, “Samuel, my son.”
Samuel answered, “Here I am.”
17 “What was it he said to you?” Eli asked. “Do not hide(DQ) it from me. May God deal with you, be it ever so severely,(DR) if you hide from me anything he told you.” 18 So Samuel told him everything, hiding nothing from him. Then Eli said, “He is the Lord; let him do what is good in his eyes.”(DS)
19 The Lord was with(DT) Samuel as he grew(DU) up, and he let none(DV) of Samuel’s words fall to the ground. 20 And all Israel from Dan to Beersheba(DW) recognized that Samuel was attested as a prophet of the Lord.(DX) 21 The Lord continued to appear at Shiloh, and there he revealed(DY) himself to Samuel through his word.
4 And Samuel’s word came to all Israel.
The Philistines Capture the Ark
Now the Israelites went out to fight against the Philistines. The Israelites camped at Ebenezer,(DZ) and the Philistines at Aphek.(EA) 2 The Philistines deployed their forces to meet Israel, and as the battle spread, Israel was defeated by the Philistines, who killed about four thousand of them on the battlefield. 3 When the soldiers returned to camp, the elders of Israel asked, “Why(EB) did the Lord bring defeat on us today before the Philistines? Let us bring the ark(EC) of the Lord’s covenant from Shiloh,(ED) so that he may go with us(EE) and save us from the hand of our enemies.”
4 So the people sent men to Shiloh, and they brought back the ark of the covenant of the Lord Almighty, who is enthroned between the cherubim.(EF) And Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.
5 When the ark of the Lord’s covenant came into the camp, all Israel raised such a great shout(EG) that the ground shook. 6 Hearing the uproar, the Philistines asked, “What’s all this shouting in the Hebrew(EH) camp?”
When they learned that the ark of the Lord had come into the camp, 7 the Philistines were afraid.(EI) “A god has[l] come into the camp,” they said. “Oh no! Nothing like this has happened before. 8 We’re doomed! Who will deliver us from the hand of these mighty gods? They are the gods who struck(EJ) the Egyptians with all kinds of plagues(EK) in the wilderness. 9 Be strong, Philistines! Be men, or you will be subject to the Hebrews, as they(EL) have been to you. Be men, and fight!”
10 So the Philistines fought, and the Israelites were defeated(EM) and every man fled to his tent. The slaughter was very great; Israel lost thirty thousand foot soldiers. 11 The ark of God was captured, and Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, died.(EN)
Footnotes
- 1 Samuel 1:20 Samuel sounds like the Hebrew for heard by God.
- 1 Samuel 1:22 Masoretic Text; Dead Sea Scrolls always. I have dedicated him as a Nazirite—all the days of his life.”
- 1 Samuel 1:23 Masoretic Text; Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint and Syriac your
- 1 Samuel 1:24 Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint and Syriac; Masoretic Text with three bulls
- 1 Samuel 1:24 That is, probably about 36 pounds or about 16 kilograms
- 1 Samuel 2:1 Horn here symbolizes strength; also in verse 10.
- 1 Samuel 2:17 Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint; Masoretic Text people
- 1 Samuel 2:20 Dead Sea Scrolls; Masoretic Text and asked from
- 1 Samuel 2:25 Or the judges
- 1 Samuel 2:29 The Hebrew is plural.
- 1 Samuel 3:13 An ancient Hebrew scribal tradition (see also Septuagint); Masoretic Text sons made themselves contemptible
- 1 Samuel 4:7 Or “Gods have (see Septuagint)
1 Samuel 1:9-4:11
King James Version
9 So Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest sat upon a seat by a post of the temple of the Lord.
10 And she was in bitterness of soul, and prayed unto the Lord, and wept sore.
11 And she vowed a vow, and said, O Lord of hosts, if thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of thine handmaid, and remember me, and not forget thine handmaid, but wilt give unto thine handmaid a man child, then I will give him unto the Lord all the days of his life, and there shall no razor come upon his head.
12 And it came to pass, as she continued praying before the Lord, that Eli marked her mouth.
13 Now Hannah, she spake in her heart; only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard: therefore Eli thought she had been drunken.
14 And Eli said unto her, How long wilt thou be drunken? put away thy wine from thee.
15 And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but have poured out my soul before the Lord.
16 Count not thine handmaid for a daughter of Belial: for out of the abundance of my complaint and grief have I spoken hitherto.
17 Then Eli answered and said, Go in peace: and the God of Israel grant thee thy petition that thou hast asked of him.
18 And she said, Let thine handmaid find grace in thy sight. So the woman went her way, and did eat, and her countenance was no more sad.
19 And they rose up in the morning early, and worshipped before the Lord, and returned, and came to their house to Ramah: and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife; and the Lord remembered her.
20 Wherefore it came to pass, when the time was come about after Hannah had conceived, that she bare a son, and called his name Samuel, saying, Because I have asked him of the Lord.
21 And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the Lord the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.
22 But Hannah went not up; for she said unto her husband, I will not go up until the child be weaned, and then I will bring him, that he may appear before the Lord, and there abide for ever.
23 And Elkanah her husband said unto her, Do what seemeth thee good; tarry until thou have weaned him; only the Lord establish his word. So the woman abode, and gave her son suck until she weaned him.
24 And when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bullocks, and one ephah of flour, and a bottle of wine, and brought him unto the house of the Lord in Shiloh: and the child was young.
25 And they slew a bullock, and brought the child to Eli.
26 And she said, Oh my lord, as thy soul liveth, my lord, I am the woman that stood by thee here, praying unto the Lord.
27 For this child I prayed; and the Lord hath given me my petition which I asked of him:
28 Therefore also I have lent him to the Lord; as long as he liveth he shall be lent to the Lord. And he worshipped the Lord there.
2 And Hannah prayed, and said, My heart rejoiceth in the Lord, mine horn is exalted in the Lord: my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; because I rejoice in thy salvation.
2 There is none holy as the Lord: for there is none beside thee: neither is there any rock like our God.
3 Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the Lord is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed.
4 The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength.
5 They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she that hath many children is waxed feeble.
6 The Lord killeth, and maketh alive: he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up.
7 The Lord maketh poor, and maketh rich: he bringeth low, and lifteth up.
8 He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are the Lord's, and he hath set the world upon them.
9 He will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness; for by strength shall no man prevail.
10 The adversaries of the Lord shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the Lord shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed.
11 And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child did minister unto the Lord before Eli the priest.
12 Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial; they knew not the Lord.
13 And the priest's custom with the people was, that, when any man offered sacrifice, the priest's servant came, while the flesh was in seething, with a fleshhook of three teeth in his hand;
14 And he struck it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the fleshhook brought up the priest took for himself. So they did in Shiloh unto all the Israelites that came thither.
15 Also before they burnt the fat, the priest's servant came, and said to the man that sacrificed, Give flesh to roast for the priest; for he will not have sodden flesh of thee, but raw.
16 And if any man said unto him, Let them not fail to burn the fat presently, and then take as much as thy soul desireth; then he would answer him, Nay; but thou shalt give it me now: and if not, I will take it by force.
17 Wherefore the sin of the young men was very great before the Lord: for men abhorred the offering of the Lord.
18 But Samuel ministered before the Lord, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.
19 Moreover his mother made him a little coat, and brought it to him from year to year, when she came up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice.
20 And Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and said, The Lord give thee seed of this woman for the loan which is lent to the Lord. And they went unto their own home.
21 And the Lord visited Hannah, so that she conceived, and bare three sons and two daughters. And the child Samuel grew before the Lord.
22 Now Eli was very old, and heard all that his sons did unto all Israel; and how they lay with the women that assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
23 And he said unto them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of your evil dealings by all this people.
24 Nay, my sons; for it is no good report that I hear: ye make the Lord's people to transgress.
25 If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the Lord, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the Lord would slay them.
26 And the child Samuel grew on, and was in favour both with the Lord, and also with men.
27 And there came a man of God unto Eli, and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord, Did I plainly appear unto the house of thy father, when they were in Egypt in Pharaoh's house?
28 And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? and did I give unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Israel?
29 Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice and at mine offering, which I have commanded in my habitation; and honourest thy sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the chiefest of all the offerings of Israel my people?
30 Wherefore the Lord God of Israel saith, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the Lord saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed.
31 Behold, the days come, that I will cut off thine arm, and the arm of thy father's house, that there shall not be an old man in thine house.
32 And thou shalt see an enemy in my habitation, in all the wealth which God shall give Israel: and there shall not be an old man in thine house for ever.
33 And the man of thine, whom I shall not cut off from mine altar, shall be to consume thine eyes, and to grieve thine heart: and all the increase of thine house shall die in the flower of their age.
34 And this shall be a sign unto thee, that shall come upon thy two sons, on Hophni and Phinehas; in one day they shall die both of them.
35 And I will raise me up a faithful priest, that shall do according to that which is in mine heart and in my mind: and I will build him a sure house; and he shall walk before mine anointed for ever.
36 And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left in thine house shall come and crouch to him for a piece of silver and a morsel of bread, and shall say, Put me, I pray thee, into one of the priests' offices, that I may eat a piece of bread.
3 And the child Samuel ministered unto the Lord before Eli. And the word of the Lord was precious in those days; there was no open vision.
2 And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was laid down in his place, and his eyes began to wax dim, that he could not see;
3 And ere the lamp of God went out in the temple of the Lord, where the ark of God was, and Samuel was laid down to sleep;
4 That the Lord called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I.
5 And he ran unto Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou calledst me. And he said, I called not; lie down again. And he went and lay down.
6 And the Lord called yet again, Samuel. And Samuel arose and went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou didst call me. And he answered, I called not, my son; lie down again.
7 Now Samuel did not yet know the Lord, neither was the word of the Lord yet revealed unto him.
8 And the Lord called Samuel again the third time. And he arose and went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou didst call me. And Eli perceived that the Lord had called the child.
9 Therefore Eli said unto Samuel, Go, lie down: and it shall be, if he call thee, that thou shalt say, Speak, Lord; for thy servant heareth. So Samuel went and lay down in his place.
10 And the Lord came, and stood, and called as at other times, Samuel, Samuel. Then Samuel answered, Speak; for thy servant heareth.
11 And the Lord said to Samuel, Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle.
12 In that day I will perform against Eli all things which I have spoken concerning his house: when I begin, I will also make an end.
13 For I have told him that I will judge his house for ever for the iniquity which he knoweth; because his sons made themselves vile, and he restrained them not.
14 And therefore I have sworn unto the house of Eli, that the iniquity of Eli's house shall not be purged with sacrifice nor offering for ever.
15 And Samuel lay until the morning, and opened the doors of the house of the Lord. And Samuel feared to shew Eli the vision.
16 Then Eli called Samuel, and said, Samuel, my son. And he answered, Here am I.
17 And he said, What is the thing that the Lord hath said unto thee? I pray thee hide it not from me: God do so to thee, and more also, if thou hide any thing from me of all the things that he said unto thee.
18 And Samuel told him every whit, and hid nothing from him. And he said, It is the Lord: let him do what seemeth him good.
19 And Samuel grew, and the Lord was with him, and did let none of his words fall to the ground.
20 And all Israel from Dan even to Beersheba knew that Samuel was established to be a prophet of the Lord.
21 And the Lord appeared again in Shiloh: for the Lord revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of the Lord.
4 And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Ebenezer: and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.
2 And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel: and when they joined battle, Israel was smitten before the Philistines: and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men.
3 And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel said, Wherefore hath the Lord smitten us to day before the Philistines? Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the Lord out of Shiloh unto us, that, when it cometh among us, it may save us out of the hand of our enemies.
4 So the people sent to Shiloh, that they might bring from thence the ark of the covenant of the Lord of hosts, which dwelleth between the cherubims: and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.
5 And when the ark of the covenant of the Lord came into the camp, all Israel shouted with a great shout, so that the earth rang again.
6 And when the Philistines heard the noise of the shout, they said, What meaneth the noise of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews? And they understood that the ark of the Lord was come into the camp.
7 And the Philistines were afraid, for they said, God is come into the camp. And they said, Woe unto us! for there hath not been such a thing heretofore.
8 Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the Gods that smote the Egyptians with all the plagues in the wilderness.
9 Be strong and quit yourselves like men, O ye Philistines, that ye be not servants unto the Hebrews, as they have been to you: quit yourselves like men, and fight.
10 And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man into his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen.
11 And the ark of God was taken; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were slain.
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