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El criterio de la libertad. Ejemplo de Pablo

No me negarán ustedes que yo tengo la libertad y los derechos de un apóstol, pues he visto a Jesús nuestro Señor, y ustedes mismos son el resultado de mi trabajo en la obra del Señor. Puede ser que para otros yo no sea apóstol; pero para ustedes sí lo soy, porque el hecho de que ustedes estén incorporados al Señor prueba que en verdad lo soy.

Ésta es mi respuesta a los que me critican: Tenemos todo el derecho de recibir comida y bebida, y también de llevar con nosotros una esposa cristiana, como hacen los otros apóstoles, y los hermanos del Señor, y Cefas. ¿O acaso Bernabé y yo somos los únicos que no tenemos derecho a que la comunidad nos mantenga? ¿Quién sirve como soldado pagándose sus propios gastos? ¿Quién cultiva un viñedo y no come de sus uvas? ¿Quién cuida las ovejas y no toma de la leche que ordeña? Y no vayan a creer que ésta es sólo una opinión humana, porque la ley de Moisés también lo dice. Pues está escrito en el libro de la ley: «No le pongas bozal al buey que trilla.» Y esto no significa que Dios se preocupe de los bueyes, 10 sino que se preocupa de nosotros. Porque la ley se escribió por causa nuestra, pues tanto el que ara la tierra como el que trilla el grano deben hacerlo con la esperanza de recibir su parte de la cosecha. 11 Así que, si nosotros hemos sembrado en ustedes una semilla espiritual, no es mucho pedir que cosechemos de ustedes algo de lo material. 12 Si otros tienen este derecho sobre ustedes, con mayor razón nosotros.

Pero no hemos hecho uso de tal derecho, y hemos venido soportándolo todo por no estorbar el anuncio del evangelio de Cristo. 13 Ustedes saben que quienes trabajan al servicio del templo, viven del templo. Es decir, que quienes atienden el altar donde se ofrecen los sacrificios, comen de la carne de los animales que allí se sacrifican. 14 De igual manera, el Señor ha dispuesto que quienes anuncian el evangelio vivan de ello mismo. 15 Pero yo nunca he utilizado ninguno de estos derechos, ni tampoco les escribo esto para que ustedes me den algo. Prefiero morir a hacerlo. ¡Nadie me quitará esta satisfacción que tengo!

16 Para mí no es motivo de orgullo anunciar el evangelio, porque lo considero una obligación ineludible. ¡Y ay de mí si no lo anuncio! 17 Por eso, si lo hiciera por propia iniciativa, tendría derecho a una recompensa; pero si lo hago por obligación, es porque estoy cumpliendo un encargo que Dios me ha dado. 18 En este caso, mi recompensa es la satisfacción de anunciar el evangelio sin cobrar nada; es decir, sin hacer valer mi derecho a vivir del anuncio del evangelio.

19 Aunque no soy esclavo de nadie, me he hecho esclavo de todos, a fin de ganar para Cristo el mayor número posible de personas. 20 Cuando he estado entre los judíos me he vuelto como un judío, para ganarlos a ellos; es decir, que para ganar a los que viven bajo la ley de Moisés, yo mismo me he puesto bajo esa ley, aunque en realidad no estoy sujeto a ella. 21 Por otra parte, para ganar a los que no viven bajo la ley de Moisés, me he vuelto como uno de ellos, aunque realmente estoy sujeto a la ley de Dios, ya que estoy bajo la ley de Cristo. 22 Cuando he estado con los que son débiles en la fe, me he vuelto débil como uno de ellos, para ganarlos también. Es decir, me he hecho igual a todos, para de alguna manera poder salvar a algunos. 23 Todo lo hago por el evangelio, para tener parte en el mismo.

24 Ustedes saben que en una carrera todos corren, pero solamente uno recibe el premio. Pues bien, corran ustedes de tal modo que reciban el premio. 25 Los que se preparan para competir en un deporte, evitan todo lo que pueda hacerles daño. Y esto lo hacen por alcanzar como premio una corona que en seguida se marchita; en cambio, nosotros luchamos por recibir un premio que no se marchita. 26 Yo, por mi parte, no corro a ciegas ni peleo como si estuviera dando golpes al aire. 27 Al contrario, castigo mi cuerpo y lo obligo a obedecerme, para no quedar yo mismo descalificado después de haber enseñado a otros.

Paul Gives Up His Rights

Am I not (A)free? Am I not an (B)apostle? Have I not (C)seen Jesus our Lord? Are you not (D)my work in the Lord? If to others I am not an apostle, at least I am to you, for you are the (E)seal of my (F)apostleship in the Lord.

My defense to those who examine me is this: (G)Do we not have authority to eat and drink? (H)Do we not have authority to take along a [a]believing wife, even as the rest of the apostles and the (I)brothers of the Lord and (J)Cephas? Or do only [b](K)Barnabas and I not have authority to refrain from working? Who at any time serves (L)as a soldier at his own expense? Who (M)plants a vineyard and does not [c]consume the fruit of it? Or who shepherds a flock and does not [d]consume the milk of the flock?

Am I speaking these things (N)according to [e]human judgment? Or does not the Law also say these things? For it is written in the Law of Moses, “(O)You shall not muzzle the ox while it is threshing.” Is God merely concerned about (P)oxen? 10 Or is He speaking altogether for our sake? Yes, (Q)for our sake it was written, because (R)the plowman ought to plow in hope, and the thresher to thresh in hope of sharing the crops. 11 (S)If we sowed spiritual things in you, is it too much if we reap material things from you? 12 If others share this authority over you, do we not more? Nevertheless, we (T)did not use this authority, but we endure all things (U)so that we will cause no hindrance to the (V)gospel of Christ. 13 (W)Do you not know that those who (X)perform sacred services eat the food of the temple, and those who attend regularly to the altar have their share [f]from the altar? 14 So also (Y)the Lord directed those who proclaim the (Z)gospel to (AA)get their living from the gospel.

15 But I have (AB)used none of these things. And I am not writing these things so that it will be done so in my case, for it would be better for me to die than have anyone make (AC)my boast an empty one. 16 For if I proclaim the gospel, I have nothing to boast, for (AD)I am under compulsion. For woe is me if I do not proclaim (AE)the gospel. 17 For if I do this voluntarily, I have a (AF)reward; but if against my will, I have a (AG)stewardship entrusted to me. 18 What then is my (AH)reward? That, when I proclaim the gospel, I may offer the gospel (AI)without charge, so as (AJ)not to make full use of my authority in the gospel.

19 For though I am (AK)free from all, I have made myself (AL)a slave to all, so that I may (AM)win more. 20 (AN)And to the Jews I became as a Jew, so that I might win Jews. To those who are under [g]the Law, as under [h]the Law though (AO)not being myself under [i]the Law, so that I might win those who are under [j]the Law. 21 To those who are (AP)without law, (AQ)as without law, though not being without the law of God but (AR)under the law of Christ, so that I might win those who are without law. 22 To the (AS)weak I became weak, that I might win the weak. I have become (AT)all things to all men, (AU)so that I may by all means save some. 23 So I do all things for the sake of the gospel, so that I may become a fellow partaker of it.

24 (AV)Do you not know that those who run in a [k]race all run, but only one receives (AW)the prize? (AX)Run in such a way that you may win. 25 Now everyone who (AY)competes in the games exercises self-control in all things. They then do it to receive a corruptible (AZ)crown, but we an incorruptible. 26 Therefore I (BA)run in such a way, as not without aim; I box in such a way, as not (BB)beating the air; 27 but I [l]discipline (BC)my body and make it my slave, so that, after I have preached to others, I myself will not be disqualified.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Corinthians 9:5 Lit sister, as wife
  2. 1 Corinthians 9:6 Lit I and Barnabas
  3. 1 Corinthians 9:7 Lit eat of
  4. 1 Corinthians 9:7 Lit eat of
  5. 1 Corinthians 9:8 Lit man
  6. 1 Corinthians 9:13 Lit with
  7. 1 Corinthians 9:20 Or law
  8. 1 Corinthians 9:20 Or law
  9. 1 Corinthians 9:20 Or law
  10. 1 Corinthians 9:20 Or law
  11. 1 Corinthians 9:24 Lit stadium
  12. 1 Corinthians 9:27 Lit bruise

Paul’s Rights as an Apostle

Am I not free?(A) Am I not an apostle?(B) Have I not seen Jesus our Lord?(C) Are you not the result of my work in the Lord?(D) Even though I may not be an apostle to others, surely I am to you! For you are the seal(E) of my apostleship in the Lord.

This is my defense to those who sit in judgment on me. Don’t we have the right to food and drink?(F) Don’t we have the right to take a believing wife(G) along with us, as do the other apostles and the Lord’s brothers(H) and Cephas[a]?(I) Or is it only I and Barnabas(J) who lack the right to not work for a living?

Who serves as a soldier(K) at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard(L) and does not eat its grapes? Who tends a flock and does not drink the milk? Do I say this merely on human authority? Doesn’t the Law say the same thing? For it is written in the Law of Moses: “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain.”[b](M) Is it about oxen that God is concerned?(N) 10 Surely he says this for us, doesn’t he? Yes, this was written for us,(O) because whoever plows and threshes should be able to do so in the hope of sharing in the harvest.(P) 11 If we have sown spiritual seed among you, is it too much if we reap a material harvest from you?(Q) 12 If others have this right of support from you, shouldn’t we have it all the more?

But we did not use this right.(R) On the contrary, we put up with anything rather than hinder(S) the gospel of Christ.

13 Don’t you know that those who serve in the temple get their food from the temple, and that those who serve at the altar share in what is offered on the altar?(T) 14 In the same way, the Lord has commanded that those who preach the gospel should receive their living from the gospel.(U)

15 But I have not used any of these rights.(V) And I am not writing this in the hope that you will do such things for me, for I would rather die than allow anyone to deprive me of this boast.(W) 16 For when I preach the gospel, I cannot boast, since I am compelled to preach.(X) Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel! 17 If I preach voluntarily, I have a reward;(Y) if not voluntarily, I am simply discharging the trust committed to me.(Z) 18 What then is my reward? Just this: that in preaching the gospel I may offer it free of charge,(AA) and so not make full use of my rights(AB) as a preacher of the gospel.

Paul’s Use of His Freedom

19 Though I am free(AC) and belong to no one, I have made myself a slave to everyone,(AD) to win as many as possible.(AE) 20 To the Jews I became like a Jew, to win the Jews.(AF) To those under the law I became like one under the law (though I myself am not under the law),(AG) so as to win those under the law. 21 To those not having the law I became like one not having the law(AH) (though I am not free from God’s law but am under Christ’s law),(AI) so as to win those not having the law. 22 To the weak I became weak, to win the weak.(AJ) I have become all things to all people(AK) so that by all possible means I might save some.(AL) 23 I do all this for the sake of the gospel, that I may share in its blessings.

The Need for Self-Discipline

24 Do you not know that in a race all the runners run, but only one gets the prize?(AM) Run(AN) in such a way as to get the prize. 25 Everyone who competes in the games goes into strict training. They do it to get a crown(AO) that will not last, but we do it to get a crown that will last forever.(AP) 26 Therefore I do not run like someone running aimlessly;(AQ) I do not fight like a boxer beating the air.(AR) 27 No, I strike a blow to my body(AS) and make it my slave so that after I have preached to others, I myself will not be disqualified for the prize.(AT)

Footnotes

  1. 1 Corinthians 9:5 That is, Peter
  2. 1 Corinthians 9:9 Deut. 25:4