Jacob a peur de rencontrer Esaü

32 Le lendemain, de bon matin, Laban embrassa ses petits-enfants et ses filles et les bénit ; puis il partit et retourna chez lui. Jacob poursuivit sa route. Des anges de Dieu vinrent à sa rencontre. En les voyant, il s’écria : C’est ici le camp de Dieu ! Et il nomma ce lieu : Mahanaïm[a] (Les deux camps).

Puis il envoya devant lui des messagers vers son frère Esaü, au pays de Séir, dans la steppe d’Edom[b]. Il leur donna les instructions suivantes : Voici ce que vous direz à mon seigneur Esaü : « Ainsi parle ton serviteur Jacob : J’ai séjourné chez Laban et je m’y suis attardé jusqu’à maintenant. J’ai acquis des bovins et des ânes, des moutons, des chèvres, des serviteurs et des servantes, et j’en fais informer mon seigneur pour recevoir bon accueil auprès de lui. »

Les messagers revinrent auprès de Jacob en disant : Nous sommes allés trouver ton frère Esaü et le voilà qui vient à ta rencontre – avec quatre cents hommes.

Jacob eut très peur, l’angoisse le saisit. Il répartit en deux camps les gens qui étaient avec lui, le menu et le gros bétail ainsi que les chameaux, car il se disait : « Si Esaü attaque l’un des camps et le détruit, celui qui restera pourra en réchapper. »

10 Puis Jacob pria : Dieu de mon père Abraham, Dieu de mon père Isaac, ô Eternel, toi qui m’as dit : « Retourne dans ton pays, dans ta famille, et je te ferai du bien », 11 je suis indigne de toutes les faveurs que tu as témoignées avec tant de fidélité à ton serviteur ; car lorsque j’ai passé ce Jourdain, je n’avais que mon bâton, et maintenant je me trouve à la tête de deux camps. 12 Délivre-moi, je te prie, de mon frère Esaü ; car j’ai peur qu’il vienne me tuer, sans épargner ni mère ni enfant. 13 Pourtant, toi tu m’as dit : « Je te ferai du bien, et je rendrai tes descendants aussi nombreux que le sable de la mer que nul ne peut compter. »

14 Jacob s’installa à cet endroit pour la nuit. Il choisit dans ce qu’il avait à sa disposition de quoi faire un présent à son frère Esaü : 15 deux cents chèvres et vingt boucs, deux cents brebis et vingt béliers, 16 trente chamelles qui allaitaient avec leurs petits, quarante vaches et dix taureaux, vingt ânesses et dix ânons. 17 Il les confia à ses serviteurs, par troupeaux séparés, en leur disant : Passez devant moi et laissez une certaine distance entre chaque troupeau.

18 Puis il donna les instructions suivantes au premier serviteur : Quand tu rencontreras mon frère Esaü et qu’il te demandera : « Quel est ton maître, où vas-tu, et à qui appartient ce troupeau qui te précède ? », 19 tu répondras : « C’est à ton serviteur Jacob, et ce troupeau est un cadeau qu’il t’envoie, mon seigneur Esaü. Lui-même arrive derrière nous. »

20 Il donna les mêmes instructions au deuxième serviteur, au troisième, puis à tous ceux qui allaient marcher derrière les troupeaux : C’est ainsi que vous parlerez à Esaü quand vous le rencontrerez ! 21 Et dites-lui bien : « Voici, ton serviteur Jacob vient lui aussi derrière nous ! »

Car il se disait : Je l’apaiserai par ce présent qui me précède, ensuite je paraîtrai devant lui, et peut-être me permettra-t-il de le regarder en face.

22 Les bêtes offertes en cadeau s’en allèrent donc devant lui, et lui-même passa cette nuit-là dans le camp.

La lutte avec Dieu

23 Dans la nuit, il se leva, emmena ses deux femmes, leurs servantes et ses onze fils et passa le gué du Yabboq[c]. 24 Après leur avoir fait traverser le torrent et avoir fait passer tout ce qui lui appartenait, 25 Jacob resta seul. Alors un individu lutta avec lui jusqu’à l’aube. 26 Quand celui-ci vit qu’il n’arrivait pas à vaincre Jacob, il lui porta un coup à l’articulation de la hanche qui se démit pendant qu’il luttait avec lui. 27 Puis il dit à Jacob : Laisse-moi partir, car le jour se lève.

Mais Jacob répondit : Je ne te laisserai pas aller avant que tu ne m’aies béni.

28 – Quel est ton nom ? demanda l’individu.

– Jacob, répondit-il.

29 – Désormais, reprit l’autre, tu ne t’appelleras plus Jacob mais Israël (Il lutte avec Dieu), car tu as lutté avec Dieu et avec les hommes et tu as vaincu.

30 Jacob l’interrogea : Je t’en prie, fais-moi connaître ton nom.

– Pourquoi me demandes-tu mon nom ? lui répondit-il.

Et il le bénit là.

31 Jacob nomma ce lieu Péniel (La face de Dieu) car, dit-il, j’ai vu Dieu face à face et j’ai eu la vie sauve[d].

32 Le soleil se leva quand il passa le gué de Penouel[e]. Jacob boitait de la hanche. 33 C’est pourquoi, jusqu’à ce jour, les Israélites ne mangent pas le muscle de la cuisse fixé à l’articulation de la hanche, car c’est là que Dieu avait frappé Jacob.

Footnotes

  1. 32.3 Cette localité, située près du Yabboq, jouera un grand rôle au temps de David et de Salomon (2 S 2.8 ; 17.24 ; 1 R 4.14).
  2. 32.4 Au sud et sud-est de la mer Morte où Esaü s’est installé (27.39-40).
  3. 32.23 Affluent principal, à l’est du Jourdain, à une quarantaine de kilomètres de l’embouchure de celui-ci.
  4. 32.31 Voir Ex 33.20, 23 ; 24.10 ; Nb 12.8 ; Dt 34.10.
  5. 32.32 Penouel, variante orthographique de l’hébreu pour Péniel.

Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau

32 [a]Jacob also went on his way, and the angels of God(A) met him. When Jacob saw them, he said, “This is the camp of God!”(B) So he named that place Mahanaim.[b](C)

Jacob sent messengers(D) ahead of him to his brother Esau(E) in the land of Seir,(F) the country of Edom.(G) He instructed them: “This is what you are to say to my lord(H) Esau: ‘Your servant(I) Jacob says, I have been staying with Laban(J) and have remained there till now. I have cattle and donkeys, sheep and goats, male and female servants.(K) Now I am sending this message to my lord,(L) that I may find favor in your eyes.(M)’”

When the messengers returned to Jacob, they said, “We went to your brother Esau, and now he is coming to meet you, and four hundred men are with him.”(N)

In great fear(O) and distress(P) Jacob divided the people who were with him into two groups,[c](Q) and the flocks and herds and camels as well. He thought, “If Esau comes and attacks one group,[d] the group[e] that is left may escape.”

Then Jacob prayed, “O God of my father Abraham,(R) God of my father Isaac,(S) Lord, you who said to me, ‘Go back to your country and your relatives, and I will make you prosper,’(T) 10 I am unworthy of all the kindness and faithfulness(U) you have shown your servant. I had only my staff(V) when I crossed this Jordan, but now I have become two camps.(W) 11 Save me, I pray, from the hand of my brother Esau, for I am afraid(X) he will come and attack me,(Y) and also the mothers with their children.(Z) 12 But you have said, ‘I will surely make you prosper and will make your descendants like the sand(AA) of the sea, which cannot be counted.(AB)’”

13 He spent the night there, and from what he had with him he selected a gift(AC) for his brother Esau: 14 two hundred female goats and twenty male goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams,(AD) 15 thirty female camels with their young, forty cows and ten bulls, and twenty female donkeys and ten male donkeys.(AE) 16 He put them in the care of his servants, each herd by itself, and said to his servants, “Go ahead of me, and keep some space between the herds.”(AF)

17 He instructed the one in the lead: “When my brother Esau meets you and asks, ‘Who do you belong to, and where are you going, and who owns all these animals in front of you?’ 18 then you are to say, ‘They belong to your servant(AG) Jacob. They are a gift(AH) sent to my lord Esau, and he is coming behind us.’”

19 He also instructed the second, the third and all the others who followed the herds: “You are to say the same thing to Esau when you meet him. 20 And be sure to say, ‘Your servant(AI) Jacob is coming behind us.’” For he thought, “I will pacify him with these gifts(AJ) I am sending on ahead;(AK) later, when I see him, perhaps he will receive me.”(AL) 21 So Jacob’s gifts(AM) went on ahead of him, but he himself spent the night in the camp.

Jacob Wrestles With God

22 That night Jacob got up and took his two wives, his two female servants and his eleven sons(AN) and crossed the ford of the Jabbok.(AO) 23 After he had sent them across the stream, he sent over all his possessions.(AP) 24 So Jacob was left alone,(AQ) and a man(AR) wrestled with him till daybreak. 25 When the man saw that he could not overpower him, he touched the socket of Jacob’s hip(AS) so that his hip was wrenched as he wrestled with the man. 26 Then the man said, “Let me go, for it is daybreak.”

But Jacob replied, “I will not let you go unless you bless me.”(AT)

27 The man asked him, “What is your name?”

“Jacob,”(AU) he answered.

28 Then the man said, “Your name(AV) will no longer be Jacob, but Israel,[f](AW) because you have struggled with God and with humans and have overcome.”(AX)

29 Jacob said, “Please tell me your name.”(AY)

But he replied, “Why do you ask my name?”(AZ) Then he blessed(BA) him there.

30 So Jacob called the place Peniel,[g] saying, “It is because I saw God face to face,(BB) and yet my life was spared.”

31 The sun rose above him as he passed Peniel,[h](BC) and he was limping because of his hip. 32 Therefore to this day the Israelites do not eat the tendon attached to the socket of the hip,(BD) because the socket of Jacob’s hip was touched near the tendon.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 32:1 In Hebrew texts 32:1-32 is numbered 32:2-33.
  2. Genesis 32:2 Mahanaim means two camps.
  3. Genesis 32:7 Or camps
  4. Genesis 32:8 Or camp
  5. Genesis 32:8 Or camp
  6. Genesis 32:28 Israel probably means he struggles with God.
  7. Genesis 32:30 Peniel means face of God.
  8. Genesis 32:31 Hebrew Penuel, a variant of Peniel

32 And Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him.

And when Jacob saw them, he said, This is God's host: and he called the name of that place Mahanaim.

And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the country of Edom.

And he commanded them, saying, Thus shall ye speak unto my lord Esau; Thy servant Jacob saith thus, I have sojourned with Laban, and stayed there until now:

And I have oxen, and asses, flocks, and menservants, and womenservants: and I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find grace in thy sight.

And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying, We came to thy brother Esau, and also he cometh to meet thee, and four hundred men with him.

Then Jacob was greatly afraid and distressed: and he divided the people that was with him, and the flocks, and herds, and the camels, into two bands;

And said, If Esau come to the one company, and smite it, then the other company which is left shall escape.

And Jacob said, O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, the Lord which saidst unto me, Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred, and I will deal well with thee:

10 I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies, and of all the truth, which thou hast shewed unto thy servant; for with my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I am become two bands.

11 Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau: for I fear him, lest he will come and smite me, and the mother with the children.

12 And thou saidst, I will surely do thee good, and make thy seed as the sand of the sea, which cannot be numbered for multitude.

13 And he lodged there that same night; and took of that which came to his hand a present for Esau his brother;

14 Two hundred she goats, and twenty he goats, two hundred ewes, and twenty rams,

15 Thirty milch camels with their colts, forty kine, and ten bulls, twenty she asses, and ten foals.

16 And he delivered them into the hand of his servants, every drove by themselves; and said unto his servants, Pass over before me, and put a space betwixt drove and drove.

17 And he commanded the foremost, saying, When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying, Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee?

18 Then thou shalt say, They be thy servant Jacob's; it is a present sent unto my lord Esau: and, behold, also he is behind us.

19 And so commanded he the second, and the third, and all that followed the droves, saying, On this manner shall ye speak unto Esau, when ye find him.

20 And say ye moreover, Behold, thy servant Jacob is behind us. For he said, I will appease him with the present that goeth before me, and afterward I will see his face; peradventure he will accept of me.

21 So went the present over before him: and himself lodged that night in the company.

22 And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two womenservants, and his eleven sons, and passed over the ford Jabbok.

23 And he took them, and sent them over the brook, and sent over that he had.

24 And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.

25 And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was out of joint, as he wrestled with him.

26 And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.

27 And he said unto him, What is thy name? And he said, Jacob.

28 And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.

29 And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, thy name. And he said, Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name? And he blessed him there.

30 And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.

31 And as he passed over Penuel the sun rose upon him, and he halted upon his thigh.

32 Therefore the children of Israel eat not of the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the hollow of Jacob's thigh in the sinew that shrank.