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但以理书 11
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

11 “玛代人大流士元年，我去帮助、护卫米迦勒。 2 现在我要把真相告诉你。波斯将再有三位王兴起，随后的第四位王远比其他王富有。他靠财富强盛后，便会煽动众民去攻打希腊国。 3 那时必有一位英勇的王兴起，执掌大权，随心所欲。 4 但他兴起后不久，他的国必土崩瓦解，在天下一分为四，既不归他的后代统治，也不如他掌权时强盛。因为他的国必被连根拔除，归给外人。

5 “南方王必强盛，他的将领中将有一位比他更强盛，这人执掌王权，势力强大。 6 若干年后，南方王将与北方王联盟。南方王的女儿将到北方王那里缔结盟约。但她必保不住自己的势力，王权也无法长久。她和她的随从、父亲和辅佐者必遭杀害。

7 “她家族中必有一人继承王位，率军攻打北方王，侵入他们的堡垒，击败他们， 8 将他们的神像、铸造的偶像及金银宝器掳到埃及。此后数年，他不再去攻击北方王。 9 后来，北方王必侵入南方王的国土，但终必撤回本国。

10 “北方王的儿子们必发动战争，召集大军，如洪水席卷而来，直打到南方王的堡垒。 11 南方王必大怒，出来迎战北方王的大军，并击败他们。 12 南方王获胜后必心高气傲，杀戮成千上万的人，但他的胜利不能持久。 13 因为数年后，北方王必召集更庞大的军队，带着大量装备卷土重来。

14 “那时，许多人必起来反抗南方王。你同胞中的残暴之徒也必反叛，从而使异象应验，但他们必失败。 15 北方王必修筑高台攻取南方王的坚城，南方的军兵必无力抵挡，就是精兵也抵挡不住。 16 北方王必为所欲为，所向无敌。他必侵占佳美之地，手握毁灭之权。 17 他决意倾全国之力而来，与南方王建立联盟，并将自己的女儿嫁给南方王，旨在推翻他的国。但北方王的计划必然失败，毫无收益。

18 “后来，他将转而攻打沿海地区，征服许多地方。但一位将领必制止他的嚣张气焰，使他自取其辱。 19 他将返回本国的堡垒，从此一蹶不振，销声匿迹。 20 继承他王位的人将派税吏横征暴敛，以维持王国的荣耀。但不久他必灭亡，并非死于民怨，也非死于战争。

21 “接着继位的是一个卑鄙的人。他无权继位，却乘人不备用奸计夺取王位。 22 他横扫千军，击溃他们，包括盟国的王。 23 他与人结盟后，必行欺诈，借不多的人掌握大权。 24 他必乘人不备入侵最富庶的地区，行他祖先从未行过的事，将掳掠的财物分给部下，并策划攻打堡垒，但这都是短暂的。 25 他集中力量，鼓起勇气，率领大军进攻南方王。南方王也率领强大的军队迎战，却敌不过他，因为有人暗算南方王。 26 南方王必遭亲信暗算，全军溃败，许多人被杀。 27 两个王心怀叵测，同席而坐，尔虞我诈，但都不成功，因为结局必在所定的时间到来。 28 北方王必带着大量财物回国，但他决意反对圣约，在回国的路上任意妄为。

29 “到了所定的时间，他必再次攻打南方，但结果与上次不同， 30 因为基提的战船必来攻击他，使他丧胆而回。他必向圣约之民发泄愤怒，任意妄为，支持背弃圣约的人。 31 他的军队必亵渎圣地，亵渎那堡垒，废除日常献的祭，设立带来毁灭的可憎之物。 32 他必花言巧语笼络违背圣约的人，但认识上帝的人必奋起反抗。 33 那些智者必教导许多民众，但他们将在一段时间内被刀剑杀戮，或被烧死，或被掳去，或被抢掠。 34 他们败亡时必得不到多少援助，许多人并非真心实意地加入他们的行列。 35 有些智者将被害，但这是为了熬炼、净化他们，使他们洁白无瑕，一直到末了。因为结局必在所定的时间到来。

36 “北方王必任意妄为，自高自大，自以为超越一切神明，肆意诋毁万神之神。他必亨通，一直到上帝发烈怒的日子结束。因为所定的必然成就。 37 他不尊崇他祖先的神明，也不尊崇妇女们爱慕的神明或其他任何神明，因为他自认为超越一切。 38 他反倒祭拜他祖先不认识的堡垒之神，向它献上金银宝石及贵重的礼物。 39 他必靠外族神明的帮助攻打坚固的堡垒，将尊荣赐给顺从他的人，派他们治理民众，分给他们土地作奖赏。

40 “到了末后，南方王必与北方王交战。北方王必率领战车、骑兵和大批战船攻击他，又如洪水般横扫列国。 41 他必侵入佳美之地，杀死成千上万的人，只有以东、摩押及亚扪人的首领得以逃脱。 42 他必攻击列国，埃及也无法幸免。 43 他必掌管埃及的金银财宝，利比亚人和古实人必归顺他。 44 但从东方和北方传来的消息必令他震惊，他必大怒，出兵杀戮、毁灭许多人。 45 他必在海和荣美的圣山之间搭起他宫殿般的帐幕。但他必灭亡，无人相助。

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但以理書 11
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional)

11 「瑪代人大流士元年，我去幫助、護衛米迦勒。 2 現在我要把真相告訴你。波斯將再有三位王興起，隨後的第四位王遠比其他王富有。他靠財富強盛後，便會煽動眾民去攻打希臘國。 3 那時必有一位英勇的王興起，執掌大權，隨心所欲。 4 但他興起後不久，他的國必土崩瓦解，在天下一分為四，既不歸他的後代統治，也不如他掌權時強盛。因為他的國必被連根拔除，歸給外人。

5 「南方王必強盛，他的將領中將有一位比他更強盛，這人執掌王權，勢力強大。 6 若干年後，南方王將與北方王聯盟。南方王的女兒將到北方王那裡締結盟約。但她必保不住自己的勢力，王權也無法長久。她和她的隨從、父親和輔佐者必遭殺害。

7 「她家族中必有一人繼承王位，率軍攻打北方王，侵入他們的堡壘，擊敗他們， 8 將他們的神像、鑄造的偶像及金銀寶器擄到埃及。此後數年，他不再去攻擊北方王。 9 後來，北方王必侵入南方王的國土，但終必撤回本國。

10 「北方王的兒子們必發動戰爭，召集大軍，如洪水席捲而來，直打到南方王的堡壘。 11 南方王必大怒，出來迎戰北方王的大軍，並擊敗他們。 12 南方王獲勝後必心高氣傲，殺戮成千上萬的人，但他的勝利不能持久。 13 因為數年後，北方王必召集更龐大的軍隊，帶著大量裝備捲土重來。

14 「那時，許多人必起來反抗南方王。你同胞中的殘暴之徒也必反叛，從而使異象應驗，但他們必失敗。 15 北方王必修築高臺攻取南方王的堅城，南方的軍兵必無力抵擋，就是精兵也抵擋不住。 16 北方王必為所欲為，所向無敵。他必侵佔佳美之地，手握毀滅之權。 17 他決意傾全國之力而來，與南方王建立聯盟，並將自己的女兒嫁給南方王，旨在推翻他的國。但北方王的計劃必然失敗，毫無收益。

18 「後來，他將轉而攻打沿海地區，征服許多地方。但一位將領必制止他的囂張氣焰，使他自取其辱。 19 他將返回本國的堡壘，從此一蹶不振，銷聲匿跡。 20 繼承他王位的人將派稅吏橫徵暴斂，以維持王國的榮耀。但不久他必滅亡，並非死於民怨，也非死於戰爭。

21 「接著繼位的是一個卑鄙的人。他無權繼位，卻乘人不備用奸計奪取王位。 22 他橫掃千軍，擊潰他們，包括盟國的王。 23 他與人結盟後，必行欺詐，藉不多的人掌握大權。 24 他必乘人不備入侵最富庶的地區，行他祖先從未行過的事，將擄掠的財物分給部下，並策劃攻打堡壘，但這都是短暫的。 25 他集中力量，鼓起勇氣，率領大軍進攻南方王。南方王也率領強大的軍隊迎戰，卻敵不過他，因為有人暗算南方王。 26 南方王必遭親信暗算，全軍潰敗，許多人被殺。 27 兩個王心懷叵測，同席而坐，爾虞我詐，但都不成功，因為結局必在所定的時間到來。 28 北方王必帶著大量財物回國，但他決意反對聖約，在回國的路上任意妄為。

29 「到了所定的時間，他必再次攻打南方，但結果與上次不同， 30 因為基提的戰船必來攻擊他，使他喪膽而回。他必向聖約之民發洩憤怒，任意妄為，支持背棄聖約的人。 31 他的軍隊必褻瀆聖地，褻瀆那堡壘，廢除日常獻的祭，設立帶來毀滅的可憎之物。 32 他必花言巧語籠絡違背聖約的人，但認識上帝的人必奮起反抗。 33 那些智者必教導許多民眾，但他們將在一段時間內被刀劍殺戮，或被燒死，或被擄去，或被搶掠。 34 他們敗亡時必得不到多少援助，許多人並非真心實意地加入他們的行列。 35 有些智者將被害，但這是為了熬煉、淨化他們，使他們潔白無瑕，一直到末了。因為結局必在所定的時間到來。

36 「北方王必任意妄為，自高自大，自以為超越一切神明，肆意詆譭萬神之神。他必亨通，一直到上帝發烈怒的日子結束。因為所定的必然成就。 37 他不尊崇他祖先的神明，也不尊崇婦女們愛慕的神明或其他任何神明，因為他自認為超越一切。 38 他反倒祭拜他祖先不認識的堡壘之神，向它獻上金銀寶石及貴重的禮物。 39 他必靠外族神明的幫助攻打堅固的堡壘，將尊榮賜給順從他的人，派他們治理民眾，分給他們土地作獎賞。

40 「到了末後，南方王必與北方王交戰。北方王必率領戰車、騎兵和大批戰船攻擊他，又如洪水般橫掃列國。 41 他必侵入佳美之地，殺死成千上萬的人，只有以東、摩押及亞捫人的首領得以逃脫。 42 他必攻擊列國，埃及也無法倖免。 43 他必掌管埃及的金銀財寶，利比亞人和古實人必歸順他。 44 但從東方和北方傳來的消息必令他震驚，他必大怒，出兵殺戮、毀滅許多人。 45 他必在海和榮美的聖山之間搭起他宮殿般的帳幕。但他必滅亡，無人相助。

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但以理书 11
Chinese New Version (Simplified)

波斯攻击希腊的预言

11 “玛代人大利乌王第一年，我曾经起来帮助米迦勒，使他坚强。 2 现在我要把真理告诉你。看哪！在波斯还有三个王要兴起；第四个王必非常富有，远超过所有的王；他因富足成为强盛以后，就必煽动众民攻击希腊国。 3 后来必有一个英勇的王兴起，他必执掌大权，任意而行。 4 他兴起的时候，他的国就破裂，向天的四方（“四方”原文作“四风”）分开，却不归给他的后代，国势也不及他掌权的时候；因为他的国必被拔出，归给他后代以外的人。

南方王与北方王时战时和

5 “南方的王必强盛，他的将领中必有一个比他更强盛的，这人必掌权，他的权势很大。 6 过了多年，南方王的女儿必到北方王那里去修好，他们必互相结盟。但这女子的势力必存留不住；王和他的势力也站立不住；她连同那些带她来的、那生她的，和那帮助她的，都被交出处死。 7 但这女子的本家（“本家”原文作“根”）必另有一个儿子（“儿子”原文作“枝子”）兴起，继承父位；他必来攻击北方王的军队，进入北方王的堡垒，攻打他们，而且得胜。 8 他又把他们的神像、铸成的偶像，连同金银的宝器，都一起掳掠到了埃及去。此后数年之久，他不再去攻击北方王。 9 后来北方王必侵入南方王的国土，然后撤退归回本国。

10 “北方王的众子必备战，招集大军；这大军前进，如洪水泛滥，横扫南方王的国土；之后他又再去争战，直到南方王的堡垒。 11 南方王必发大怒，出来和北方王交战；北方王必摆列大军，但这大军必交在南方王的手里。 12 这大军被扫除以后，南方王就心高气傲；他虽然使千万人倒毙，他的胜利却不能持久。 13 北方王必再招聚大军，比先前的更多；时机成熟的时候（“时机成熟的时候”直译是“过了一些时候，一些年”），他就率领装备好了的大军而来。

14 “那时，必有许多人起来攻击南方王，并且你同胞中的强暴人必挺身而起，要使那异象应验，但他们必失败。 15 北方王必来，堆土筑垒攻取坚固城。南方的军力必抵挡不住，甚至精锐的部队也无力抵抗。 16 那来攻击南方王的，必任意而行；没有人能在他面前站立得住；他必站在那荣美之地，手握毁坏之权。 17 他决意倾全国的力量而来，但他先和南方王修好，把自己的女儿给南方王为妻，好毁灭南国；可是他的计划没有成功，他自己也得不到甚么好处。 18 后来他必转向沿海的岛屿，夺取了许多海岛。但有一个将领要制止他的骄横，并且使他的骄横归回他身上。 19 于是他转向自己国中的堡垒，终于绊跌仆倒，不再存在了。

20 “那时，必有一个人兴起来代替他；这人要派一个横征暴敛的人，为了王国的荣华，走遍全地；可是不多几日，这人就必被毁灭，不是因为忿怒，也不是因为战争。 21 必另有一个卑鄙的人兴起来代替他；虽然人未曾把王国的尊荣给这人，这人却乘人不备的时候来到，用奉承的话夺得了王国。 22 必有无数的军兵在他面前像洪水冲没，并且溃败；立约的君也必这样。 23 他结盟以后，就必行诡诈；他虽然只有少数的国民，却渐渐强盛起来。 24 他必乘人不备的时候，侵入省内最富庶的地区，行他列祖和他列祖的祖先所未曾行过的；他把掳掠之物和财物分给自己的部属；又必设下计谋攻打堡垒，只是这都是暂时的。 25 他必竭尽己力，鼓起勇气，率领大军攻击南方王；南方王也必带领极强大的军队奋起还击，却抵挡不住，因为有人设下计谋陷害南方王。 26 那些吃王膳的必毁灭他；他的军队必被冲没，受重伤而倒毙的很多。 27 至于那两个王，他们都存心不良；他们同桌吃饭，也彼此说谎；他们的阴谋却不成功，因为要到了指定的时候，结局才会来到。

北方王废弃圣约

28 “北方王必带着大批财物返回自己的国土去；他的心既然反对圣约，必任意而行，然后返回自己的国土去。

29 “到了指定的时候，他必回来，再侵入南方的王国，不过这次的情况却不像前一次。 30 因为基提的战船必来攻击他，他就丧胆而回；他又恼恨圣约，任意而行；他必回来，听取那些背弃圣约的人的建议。 31 他的军队必起来，亵渎圣殿，就是那堡垒，废除常献祭，又在殿里设立了那使地荒凉的可憎的像。 32 那些作恶违背圣约的人，他必用奉承的话败坏他们；但认识　神的人民，必刚强行事。 33 民中的智慧人必使许多人明白是非；但他们必有很多日子倒在刀剑之下，或被火烧，或被掳去，或被抢掠。 34 他们仆倒的时候，必得到一些援助，必有许多人用奉承的话要和他们联盟。 35 智慧人中有些仆倒的，为要锻炼他们，洁净他们，使他们成为雪白，直到末了，因为要到了指定的时候，结局才会来到。

36 “那王必任意而行，自高自大，超过所有的神，又说一些怪诞的话攻击万神之　神。他必行事顺利，直到　神的忿怒完毕；因为所定的事必会实现。 37 他必不尊重他列祖所拜的神，也不尊重妇女所爱慕的神，无论甚么神他都不尊重，因为他必自大，高过一切。 38 他倒要敬拜堡垒的神，用金银宝石和各样珍宝去敬拜他列祖所不认识的神。 39 他必得着外族神的帮助，攻破坚固的堡垒；凡承认他的，他必使他们大得尊荣，又使他们管辖许多人，并且把土地分给他们作赏赐。

40 “到了末期，南方王要和他交战；北方王必带着战车、骑兵和大批战船，像暴风一般来到他那里；他必侵入列国，如洪水泛滥，横扫而过。 41 他也必侵入那荣美之地；必有许多国倾覆；但那些以东人、摩押人和亚扪人的首领，必被拯救脱离他的手。 42 他必伸手攻击列国，埃及地也不能逃脱。 43 他必掌管埃及的金银宝藏和一切珍宝；吕彼亚人和古实人都必追随他。 44 但从东方和北方必有消息传来，使他惊惶，他就在烈怒之下出兵，要把许多人杀尽灭绝。 45 他必在海和荣美的圣山之间支搭如宫殿一般的帐幕；然而他们的结局来到，必没有人能帮助他。”

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Daniel 11
New English Translation

11 And in the first year of Darius the Mede, I[a] stood to strengthen him and to provide protection for him.) 2 Now I will tell you the truth.

The Angel Gives a Message to Daniel

“Three[b] more kings will arise for Persia. Then a fourth[c] king will be unusually rich,[d] more so than all who preceded him. When he has amassed power through his riches, he will stir up everyone against[e] the kingdom of Greece. 3 Then a powerful king[f] will arise, exercising great authority and doing as he pleases. 4 Shortly after his rise to power,[g] his kingdom will be broken up and distributed toward the four winds of the sky[h]—but not to his posterity or with the authority he exercised, for his kingdom will be uprooted and distributed to others besides these.

5 “Then the king of the south[i] and one of his subordinates[j] will grow strong. His subordinate[k] will resist[l] him and will rule a kingdom greater than his.[m] 6 After some years have passed, they[n] will form an alliance. Then the daughter[o] of the king of the south will come to the king of the north to make an agreement, but she will not retain her power,[p] nor will he continue[q] in his strength.[r] She, together with the one who brought her, her child,[s] and her benefactor will all be delivered over at that time.[t]

7 “There will arise in his[u] place one from her family line[v] who will come against their army and will enter the stronghold of the king of the north and will move against them successfully.[w] 8 He will also take their gods into captivity to Egypt, along with their cast images and prized utensils of silver and gold. Then he will withdraw for some years from[x] the king of the north. 9 Then the king of the north[y] will advance against the empire of the king of the south, but will withdraw to his own land. 10 His sons[z] will wage war, mustering a large army that will advance like an overflowing river and carrying the battle all the way to the enemy’s[aa] fortress.[ab]

11 “Then the king of the south[ac] will be enraged and will march out to fight against the king of the north, who will also muster a large army, but that army will be delivered into his hand. 12 When the army is taken away, the king of the south will become arrogant.[ad] He will be responsible for the death[ae] of thousands and thousands of people,[af] but he will not continue to prevail. 13 For the king of the north will again muster an army, one larger than before. At the end of some years he will advance with a huge army and enormous supplies.

14 “In those times many will oppose[ag] the king of the south.[ah] Those who are violent[ai] among your own people will rise up in confirmation of[aj] the vision, but they will falter. 15 Then the king of the north will advance and will build siege mounds and capture a well-fortified city.[ak] The forces of the south will not prevail, not even his finest contingents.[al] They will have no strength to prevail. 16 The one advancing against him will do as he pleases, and no one will be able to stand before him. He will prevail in the beautiful land, and its annihilation will be within his power.[am] 17 His intention[an] will be to come with the strength of his entire kingdom, and he will form alliances.[ao] He will give the king of the south[ap] a daughter[aq] in marriage in order to destroy the kingdom, but it will not turn out to his advantage. 18 Then he will turn his attention[ar] to the coastal regions and will capture many of them. But a commander[as] will bring his shameful conduct to a halt; in addition,[at] he will make him pay for his shameful conduct.[au] 19 He will then turn his attention to the fortresses of his own land, but he will stumble and fall, not to be found again. 20 There will arise after him[av] one[aw] who will send out an exactor[ax] of tribute to enhance the splendor of the kingdom, but after a few days he will be destroyed,[ay] though not in anger or battle.

21 “Then there will arise in his place a despicable person[az] to whom the royal honor has not been rightfully conferred. He will come on the scene in a time of prosperity and will seize the kingdom through deceit. 22 Armies[ba] will be suddenly[bb] swept away in defeat[bc] before him; both they and a covenant leader[bd] will be destroyed.[be] 23 After[bf] entering into an alliance with him, he will behave treacherously; he will ascend to power with only a small force.[bg] 24 In a time of prosperity for the most productive areas of the province he will come and accomplish what neither his fathers nor their fathers accomplished. He will distribute loot, spoils, and property to his followers, and he will devise plans against fortified cities, but not for long.[bh] 25 He will rouse his strength and enthusiasm[bi] against the king of the south[bj] with a large army. The king of the south will wage war with a large and very powerful army, but he will not be able to prevail because of the plans devised against him. 26 Those who share the king’s fine food will attempt to destroy him, and his army will be swept away;[bk] many will be killed in battle. 27 These two kings, their minds[bl] filled with evil intentions, will trade[bm] lies with one another at the same table. But it will not succeed, for there is still an end at the appointed time. 28 Then the king of the north[bn] will return to his own land with much property. His mind will be set against the holy covenant. He will take action, and then return to his own land. 29 At an appointed time he will again invade the south, but this latter visit will not turn out the way the former one did. 30 The ships of Kittim[bo] will come against him, leaving him disheartened.[bp] He will turn back and direct his indignation against the holy covenant. He will return and honor[bq] those who forsake the holy covenant. 31 His forces[br] will rise up and profane the fortified sanctuary,[bs] stopping the daily sacrifice. In its place they will set up[bt] the abomination that causes desolation. 32 Then with smooth words he will defile[bu] those who have rejected[bv] the covenant. But the people who are loyal to[bw] their God will act valiantly.[bx] 33 These who are wise among the people will teach the masses.[by] However, they will fall[bz] by the sword and by the flame,[ca] and they will be imprisoned and plundered for some time.[cb] 34 When they stumble, they will be granted some help. But many will unite with them deceitfully. 35 Even some of the wise will stumble, resulting in their refinement, purification, and cleansing until the time of the end, for it is still for the appointed time.

36 “Then the king[cc] will do as he pleases. He will exalt and magnify himself above every deity and he will utter presumptuous things against the God of gods. He will succeed until the time of[cd] wrath is completed, for what has been decreed must occur.[ce] 37 He will not respect[cf] the gods of his fathers—not even the god loved by women.[cg] He will not respect any god; he will elevate himself above them all. 38 What he will honor is a god of fortresses—a god his fathers did not acknowledge he will honor with gold, silver, valuable stones, and treasured commodities. 39 He will attack[ch] mighty fortresses, aided by[ci] a foreign deity. To those who recognize him he will grant considerable honor. He will place them in authority over many people, and he will parcel out land for a price.[cj]

40 “At the time of the end the king of the south will attack[ck] him. Then the king of the north will storm against him[cl] with chariots, horsemen, and a large armada of ships.[cm] He[cn] will invade lands, passing through them like an overflowing river.[co] 41 Then he will enter the beautiful land.[cp] Many[cq] will fall, but these will escape:[cr] Edom, Moab, and the Ammonite leadership. 42 He will extend his power[cs] against other lands; the land of Egypt will not escape. 43 He will have control over the hidden stores of gold and silver, as well as all the treasures of Egypt. Libyans and Ethiopians[ct] will submit to him.[cu] 44 But reports will trouble him from the east and north, and he will set out in a tremendous rage to destroy and wipe out many. 45 He will pitch his royal tents between the seas[cv] toward the beautiful holy mountain. But he will come to his end, with no one to help him.

Footnotes

  1. Daniel 11:1 sn The antecedent of the pronoun “I” is the angel, not Daniel. The traditional chapter division at this point, and the presence of a chronological note in the verse similar to ones used elsewhere in the book to position Daniel’s activities in relation to imperial affairs, sometimes lead to confusion on this matter.
  2. Daniel 11:2 sn Perhaps these three more kings are Cambyses (ca. 530-522 b.c.), Pseudo-Smerdis (ca. 522 b.c.), and Darius I Hystaspes (ca. 522-486 b.c.).
  3. Daniel 11:2 sn This fourth king is Xerxes I (ca. 486-465 b.c.).
  4. Daniel 11:2 tn Heb “rich with great riches.”
  5. Daniel 11:2 tn Or “All [of it] will arouse the kingdom of Greece.” The text is difficult. The text is traditionally taken to have the fourth king as the subject of the verb, making the relationship between הַכֹּל (hakkol, “all, the whole, everyone, everything”) and the kingdom of Greece difficult. Presumably “everyone” is the direct object, but the “kingdom” has the direct object marker אֶת (ʾet). This is very unlikely to be the preposition אֶת (ʾet, “with”) because the verb עוּר (ʿur, “to arouse”) uses the preposition עַל (ʿal) to mean “stir up against.” Nevertheless the meaning “against” is typically supplied or assumed from context. An alternative is to take הַכֹּל as the subject, meaning “all of it,” that is the power and wealth, will arouse [the interest] of the kingdom of Greece. This makes sense of the articular use of הַכֹּל, the parsing of the verb, and the direct object indicator, and also fits the context where in the next verse the Greek king rises up.
  6. Daniel 11:3 sn The powerful king mentioned here is Alexander the Great (ca. 336-323 b.c.).
  7. Daniel 11:4 tn Heb “and when he stands.”
  8. Daniel 11:4 tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.
  9. Daniel 11:5 sn The king of the south is Ptolemy I Soter (ca. 323-285 b.c.). The following reference to one of his subordinates apparently has in view Seleucus I Nicator (ca. 311-280 b.c.). Throughout the remainder of chap. 11 the expressions “king of the south” and “king of the north” repeatedly occur. It is clear, however, that these terms are being used generically to describe the Ptolemaic king (i.e., “of the south”) or the Seleucid king (i.e., “of the north”) who happens to be in power at any particular time. The specific identity of these kings can be established more or less successfully by a comparison of this chapter with the available extra-biblical records that discuss the history of the intertestamental period. In the following notes the generally accepted identifications are briefly mentioned.
  10. Daniel 11:5 tn Heb “princes.”
  11. Daniel 11:5 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (the subordinate prince mentioned in the previous clause) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  12. Daniel 11:5 tn Heb “be strong against.”
  13. Daniel 11:5 tn Heb “greater than his kingdom.”
  14. Daniel 11:6 sn Here they refers to Ptolemy II Philadelphus (ca. 285-246 b.c.) and Antiochus II Theos (ca. 262-246 b.c.).
  15. Daniel 11:6 sn The daughter refers to Berenice, who was given in marriage to Antiochus II Theos.
  16. Daniel 11:6 tn Heb “the strength of the arm.”
  17. Daniel 11:6 tn Heb “stand,” as also in vv. 7, 8, 11, 13.
  18. Daniel 11:6 tn Heb “and his arm.” Some understand this to refer to the descendants of the king of the north.
  19. Daniel 11:6 tc The present translation reads יַלְדָּה (yaldah, “her child”) rather than the MT יֹלְדָהּ (yoledah, “the one who begot her”). Cf. Theodotion, the Syriac, and the Vulgate.
  20. Daniel 11:6 sn Antiochus II eventually divorced Berenice and remarried his former wife Laodice, who then poisoned her husband, had Berenice put to death, and installed her own son, Seleucus II Callinicus (ca. 246-227 b.c.), as the Seleucid king.
  21. Daniel 11:7 sn The reference is to the king of Egypt.
  22. Daniel 11:7 tn Heb “the stock of her roots.”sn The reference to one from her family line is probably to Berenice’s brother, Ptolemy III Euergetes (ca. 246-221 b.c.).
  23. Daniel 11:7 tn Heb “will deal with them and prevail.”
  24. Daniel 11:8 tn The Hebrew preposition מִן (min) is used here with the verb עָמַד (ʿamad, “to stand”). It probably has a sense of separation (“stand away from”), although it may also be understood in an adversative sense (“stand against”).
  25. Daniel 11:9 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  26. Daniel 11:10 sn The sons of Seleucus II Callinicus were Seleucus III Ceraunus (ca. 227-223 b.c.) and Antiochus III the Great (ca. 223-187 b.c.).
  27. Daniel 11:10 tn Heb “his”; the referent (the enemy of the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  28. Daniel 11:10 tn Heb “and he will certainly come and overflow and cross over and return and be aroused unto a fortress.” The translation has attempted to simplify the syntax of this difficult sequence.
  29. Daniel 11:11 sn This king of the south refers to Ptolemy IV Philopator (ca. 221-204 b.c.).
  30. Daniel 11:12 tn Heb “his heart will be lifted up.” The referent (the king of the south) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  31. Daniel 11:12 tn Heb “cause to fall.”
  32. Daniel 11:12 tn Heb “of myriads.”
  33. Daniel 11:14 tn Heb “stand against.”
  34. Daniel 11:14 sn This was Ptolemy V Epiphanes (ca. 203-181 b.c.).
  35. Daniel 11:14 tn Heb “sons of violence.” “Son(s)” is sometimes used idiomatically in Hebrew to indicate that someone is characterized by a certain quality. So the expression “sons of violence” means that these individuals will be characterized by violent deeds.
  36. Daniel 11:14 tn Heb “to cause to stand.”
  37. Daniel 11:15 sn This well-fortified city is apparently Sidon. Its capture from the Ptolemies by Antiochus the Great was a strategic victory for the Seleucid kingdom.
  38. Daniel 11:15 tn Or “choice troops” (BDB 104 s.v. מִבְחָר), or “elite troops” (HALOT 542 s.v. מִבְחָר).
  39. Daniel 11:16 tn Heb “hand.”
  40. Daniel 11:17 tn Heb “and he will set his face” (cf. vv. 18, 19).
  41. Daniel 11:17 tc The present translation reads מֵישָׁרִים (mesharim, “alliances”) for the MT וִישָׁרִים (viysharim, “uprightness”).
  42. Daniel 11:17 tn Heb “him”; the referent (the king of the south) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  43. Daniel 11:17 tn Heb “the daughter of the women.”sn The daughter refers to Cleopatra, the daughter of Antiochus, who was given in marriage to Ptolemy V.
  44. Daniel 11:18 tn Heb “his face,” as also in v. 19.
  45. Daniel 11:18 sn The commander is probably the Roman commander, Lucius Cornelius Scipio.
  46. Daniel 11:18 tn The Hebrew here is difficult in that the negative בִּלְתִּי (bilti, “not”) is used in an unusual way. The sense is not entirely clear.
  47. Daniel 11:18 tn Heb “his shameful conduct he will return to him.”
  48. Daniel 11:20 tn Heb “on his place.”
  49. Daniel 11:20 sn The one who will send out an exactor of tribute was Seleucus IV Philopator (ca. 187-176 b.c.).
  50. Daniel 11:20 sn Perhaps this exactor of tribute was Heliodorus (cf. 2 Macc 3).
  51. Daniel 11:20 tn Heb “broken” or “shattered.”
  52. Daniel 11:21 sn This despicable person to whom the royal honor has not been rightfully conferred is Antiochus IV Epiphanes (ca. 175-164 b.c.).
  53. Daniel 11:22 tn Heb “arms.”
  54. Daniel 11:22 tc The present translation reads הִשָּׁטֹף (hishatof), Niphal infinitive absolute of שָׁטַף (shataf, “to overflow”), for the MT הַשֶּׁטֶף (hashetef, “flood”).
  55. Daniel 11:22 tn The words “in defeat” are added in the translation for clarification.
  56. Daniel 11:22 tn Heb “a prince of the covenant.”
  57. Daniel 11:22 tn Heb “broken” or “shattered.”
  58. Daniel 11:23 tn The preposition מִן (min) is probably temporal here (so BDB 583 s.v. 7.c; cf. KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV), although it could also be understood here as indicating means (so J. Goldingay, Daniel [WBC], 279, n. 23a; cf. TEV, NLT).
  59. Daniel 11:23 tn Heb “nation.”
  60. Daniel 11:24 tn Heb “and unto a time.”
  61. Daniel 11:25 tn Heb “heart.”
  62. Daniel 11:25 sn This king of the south was Ptolemy Philometer (ca. 181-145 b.c.).
  63. Daniel 11:26 tc The present translation reads יִשָׁטֵף (yishatef, passive) rather than the MT יִשְׁטוֹף (yishtof, active).
  64. Daniel 11:27 tn Heb “heart,” as also in v. 28.
  65. Daniel 11:27 tn Heb “speak.”
  66. Daniel 11:28 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  67. Daniel 11:30 sn The name Kittim has various designations in extra-biblical literature. It can refer to a location on the island of Cyprus, or more generally to the island itself, or it can be an inclusive term to refer to parts of the Mediterranean world that lay west of the Middle East (e.g., Rome). For ships of Kittim the Greek OT (LXX) has “Romans,” an interpretation followed by a few English versions (e.g., TEV). A number of times in the Dead Sea Scrolls the word is used in reference to the Romans. Other English versions are more generic: “[ships] of the western coastlands” (NIV, NLT); “from the west” (NCV, CEV).
  68. Daniel 11:30 sn This is apparently a reference to the Roman forces, led by Gaius Popilius Laenas, which confronted Antiochus when he came to Egypt and demanded that he withdraw or face the wrath of Rome. Antiochus wisely withdrew from Egypt, albeit in a state of bitter frustration.
  69. Daniel 11:30 tn Heb “show regard for.”
  70. Daniel 11:31 tn Heb “arms.”
  71. Daniel 11:31 tn Heb “the sanctuary, the fortress.”
  72. Daniel 11:31 tn Heb “will give.”
  73. Daniel 11:32 tn Or “corrupt.”
  74. Daniel 11:32 tn Heb “acted wickedly toward.”
  75. Daniel 11:32 tn Heb “know.” The term “know” sometimes means “to recognize.” In relational contexts it can have the connotation “recognize the authority of, be loyal to,” as it does here.
  76. Daniel 11:32 sn This is an allusion to the Maccabean revolt, which struggled to bring about Jewish independence in the second century b.c.
  77. Daniel 11:33 tn Heb “the many.”
  78. Daniel 11:33 tn Heb “stumble.”
  79. Daniel 11:33 tn Or “by burning.”
  80. Daniel 11:33 tn Heb “days.”
  81. Daniel 11:36 sn The identity of this king is problematic. If vv. 36-45 continue the description of Antiochus Epiphanes, the account must be viewed as erroneous, since the details do not match what is known of Antiochus’ latter days. Most modern scholars take this view, concluding that this section was written just shortly before the death of Antiochus and that the writer erred on several key points as he tried to predict what would follow the events of his own day. Conservative scholars, however, usually understand the reference to shift at this point to an eschatological figure, viz., the Antichrist. The chronological gap that this would presuppose to be in the narrative is not necessarily a problem, since by all accounts there are many chronological gaps throughout the chapter, as the historical figures intended by such expressions as “king of the north” and “king of the south” repeatedly shift.
  82. Daniel 11:36 tn The words “the time of” are added in the translation for clarification.
  83. Daniel 11:36 tn Heb “has been done.” The Hebrew verb used here is the perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of fulfillment.
  84. Daniel 11:37 tn Heb “consider.”
  85. Daniel 11:37 tn Heb “[the one] desired by women.” The referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  86. Daniel 11:39 tn Heb “act against.”
  87. Daniel 11:39 tn Heb “with.”
  88. Daniel 11:39 tn Or perhaps “for a reward.”
  89. Daniel 11:40 tn Heb “engage in thrusting.”
  90. Daniel 11:40 tn The referent of the pronoun is most likely the king of the south, in which case the text describes the king of the north countering the attack of the king of the south.
  91. Daniel 11:40 tn Heb “many ships.”
  92. Daniel 11:40 tn This most likely refers to the king of the north who, in response to the aggression of the king of the south, launches an invasion of the southern regions.
  93. Daniel 11:40 tn Heb “and will overflow and pass over.”
  94. Daniel 11:41 sn The beautiful land is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel.
  95. Daniel 11:41 tn This can be understood as “many people” (cf. NRSV) or “many countries” (cf. NASB, NIV, NLT).
  96. Daniel 11:41 tn Heb “be delivered from his hand.”
  97. Daniel 11:42 tn Heb “hand.”
  98. Daniel 11:43 tn Or “Nubians” (NIV, NCV); Heb “Cushites.”
  99. Daniel 11:43 tn Heb “Libyans and Cushites [will be] at his footsteps.”
  100. Daniel 11:45 sn Presumably seas refers to the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea.
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Daniel 11
Legacy Standard Bible

Kingdoms and Wars

11 “Now I, in the (A)first year of Darius the Mede, [a]I stood to strengthen and to be a fortress for him. 2 So now I will tell you the (B)truth. Behold, three more kings are going to stand [b]in Persia. Then a fourth will gain far more riches than all of them; as soon as he becomes strong through his riches, [c]he will arouse the whole empire against the kingdom of [d](C)Greece. 3 And a (D)mighty king will stand, and he will [e]dominate with great [f]domination and (E)do as he pleases. 4 But as soon as he stands, his kingdom will be broken up and parceled out (F)toward the (G)four winds of [g]heaven, but not to his own descendants, nor according to his [h]domination with which he [i]dominated, for his kingdom will be (H)uprooted and given to others besides [j]them.

5 “Then the (I)king of the South will grow strong, [k]along with one of his princes [l]who will grow strong over him and [m]obtain dominion; indeed, his [n]domain will be a great [o]dominion. 6 And [p]after some years they will form an alliance, and the daughter of the king of the South will come to the (J)king of the North to carry out [q]an equitable arrangement. But she will not retain her [r]position of power, nor will he continue to stand with his [s]power, but she will be given up, along with those who brought her in and the one who fathered her as well as he who strengthened her in those times. 7 But one of the [t]descendants of her line will stand in his place, and he will come against their military force and enter the (K)fortress of the king of the North, and he will deal with them and display strength. 8 And also their (L)gods with their [u]metal images and their desirable vessels of silver and gold he will bring into captivity to Egypt, and he on his part will stand back from attacking the king of the North for some years. 9 Then [v]the latter will enter the kingdom of the king of the South, but will return to his own land.

10 “And his sons will wage war. So they will gather a multitude of great forces; and one of them will keep on coming and (M)overflow and pass through, that he may [w]again wage war up to his very fortress. 11 And the (N)king of the South will be enraged and go forth and fight [x]with the king of the North. Then the latter will cause a great multitude to stand, but that multitude will be given into [y]the hand of the former. 12 Then the multitude will be carried away, his heart will be lifted up, and he will cause tens of thousands to fall; yet he will not prevail. 13 And the king of the North will again cause a much greater multitude than the former to stand, and at the (O)end of the times of those years, he will keep on coming with a great military force and much equipment.

14 “Now in those times many will stand against the king of the South; the violent ones among your people will also lift themselves up in order to cause the vision to stand, but they will [z]fall down. 15 Then the king of the North will come, cast up a (P)siege ramp, and capture a well-fortified city; and the might of the South will not stand, not even [aa]their choicest troops, for there will be no strength to make a stand. 16 But he who comes against him will (Q)do as he pleases, and (R)no one will be able to stand in [ab]opposition to him; he will also stand for a time in the [ac](S)Beautiful Land, with destruction in his hand. 17 And he will (T)set his face to come with the authority of his whole kingdom, [ad]bringing with him [ae]an equitable proposal which he will [af]put into effect; he will also give him the daughter of women to destroy it. But she will not take a stand for him or be [ag]on his side. 18 Then he will turn his face to the (U)coastlands and capture many. But a ruler will make his reproach against him cease; moreover, he will (V)repay him for his reproach. 19 So he will turn his face toward the fortresses of his own land, but he will (W)stumble and fall and be (X)found no more.

20 “Then in his place one will stand who will (Y)have an [ah]oppressor pass through the [ai]Jewel of his kingdom; yet within a few days he will be broken, though not in anger nor in battle. 21 And in his place a despised person will stand, to whom the splendor of the kingdom has not been given, but he will come in a time of ease and (Z)take hold of the kingdom by intrigue. 22 But the overflowing [aj](AA)might will be flooded away before him and broken, and also the prince of the covenant. 23 And after an alliance is made with him, he will [ak]practice deception, and he will go up and gain power with a small force of people. 24 [al]In a time of ease he will enter the (AB)richest parts of the province, and he will do what his fathers never did, nor his fathers’ fathers; he will distribute plunder, spoil, and possessions among them, and he will devise his schemes against strongholds, but only for a time. 25 And he will stir up his strength and heart against the (AC)king of the South with a great military force; so the king of the South will wage war with an extremely large and mighty military force for war; but he will not stand, for schemes will be devised against him. 26 And those who eat his choice food will break him, and his military force will [am](AD)overflow, but many will fall down slain. 27 And as for both kings, their hearts will be intent on (AE)evil, and they will (AF)speak falsehood at the same table; but it will not succeed, for the (AG)end is still to come at the appointed time. 28 Then he will return to his land with great possessions; but his heart will be set against the holy covenant, and he will take action and then return to his own land.

29 “At the appointed time he will return and come into the South, but [an]this last time it will not happen the way it did before. 30 Indeed, ships of [ao](AH)Kittim will come against him; therefore he will be disheartened and will return and become indignant at the holy covenant and take action; so he will come back and show regard for those who forsake the holy covenant. 31 Mighty forces from him will stand, (AI)profane the sanctuary fortress, and abolish the regular sacrifice. And they will set up the (AJ)abomination [ap]of desolation. 32 And by (AK)smooth words he will [aq]turn to godlessness those who act wickedly toward the covenant, but the people who know their God will display (AL)strength and take action. 33 And [ar](AM)those who have insight among the people will give understanding to the many; yet they will (AN)fall by sword and by flame, by captivity and by plunder for many days. 34 Now when they fall, they will be granted a little help, and many will (AO)join with them in [as](AP)intrigue. 35 And some of [at]those who have insight will fall, in order to (AQ)refine, (AR)purge, and make them [au](AS)pure until the time of the (AT)end, because it is still to come at the appointed time.

36 “Then the king will (AU)do as he pleases, and he will exalt and (AV)magnify himself above every god and will (AW)speak [av]astonishing things against the (AX)God of gods; and he will succeed until the (AY)indignation is finished, for that which is (AZ)decreed will be done. 37 He will show no regard for the [aw]gods of his fathers or for the desire of women, nor will he show regard for any other god; for he will magnify himself above them all. 38 But [ax]instead he will honor a god of fortresses, a god whom his fathers did not know; he will honor him with gold, silver, costly stones, and desirable things. 39 And he will take action against the strongest of fortresses with the help of a foreign god; he will give great honor to [ay]those who recognize him and will cause them to rule over the many and will apportion land for a price.

40 “And at (BA)the time of the end, the (BB)king of the South will collide with him, and the (BC)king of the North will (BD)storm against him with chariots, with horsemen, and with many ships; and he will enter lands, (BE)overflow them, and pass through. 41 And he will also enter the [az](BF)Beautiful Land, and many countries will fall; but these will be rescued out of his hand: Edom, (BG)Moab, and the foremost of the sons of (BH)Ammon. 42 Then he will send forth his hand against other countries, and the land of Egypt will not escape. 43 But he will rule over the hidden treasures of gold and silver and over all the desirable things of Egypt; and (BI)Libyans and (BJ)Ethiopians will follow at his [ba]heels. 44 But reports from the East and from the North will dismay him, and he will go forth with great wrath to destroy and [bb]devote many to destruction. 45 And he will pitch the tents of his royal pavilion between the seas and the beautiful (BK)Holy Mountain; yet he will come to his end, and no one will help him.

Footnotes

  1. Daniel 11:1 Lit my standing up was
  2. Daniel 11:2 Lit for
  3. Daniel 11:2 Or they all will stir up the realm of Greece
  4. Daniel 11:2 Heb Javan
  5. Daniel 11:3 Lit rule
  6. Daniel 11:3 Lit rulership
  7. Daniel 11:4 Or the sky
  8. Daniel 11:4 Lit rulership
  9. Daniel 11:4 Lit ruled
  10. Daniel 11:4 His descendants
  11. Daniel 11:5 Lit and
  12. Daniel 11:5 Lit and he
  13. Daniel 11:5 Lit and then rule
  14. Daniel 11:5 Lit rule
  15. Daniel 11:5 Lit rule
  16. Daniel 11:6 Lit at the end of
  17. Daniel 11:6 Or an upright agreement
  18. Daniel 11:6 Lit strength of arm
  19. Daniel 11:6 Lit arm
  20. Daniel 11:7 Lit branch of her roots
  21. Daniel 11:8 Lit cast images
  22. Daniel 11:9 Lit he will, so in ch
  23. Daniel 11:10 Or return and wage
  24. Daniel 11:11 Lit with him, with
  25. Daniel 11:11 Lit his hand
  26. Daniel 11:14 Lit stumble, so in ch
  27. Daniel 11:15 Lit the people of its choice ones
  28. Daniel 11:16 Lit before
  29. Daniel 11:16 Israel
  30. Daniel 11:17 Lit and
  31. Daniel 11:17 Lit upright things
  32. Daniel 11:17 Lit do
  33. Daniel 11:17 For her father; lit for him
  34. Daniel 11:20 Or exactor of tribute
  35. Daniel 11:20 Lit adornment
  36. Daniel 11:22 Or power, cf. 11:6; lit arms
  37. Daniel 11:23 Lit do
  38. Daniel 11:24 Lit Into tranquility and the richest...he will enter
  39. Daniel 11:26 Or be swept away, and many
  40. Daniel 11:29 Lit it will not happen as the first and as the last
  41. Daniel 11:30 Cyprus
  42. Daniel 11:31 Or that causes horror; lit that makes desolate
  43. Daniel 11:32 Or pollute those
  44. Daniel 11:33 Or instructors of the people
  45. Daniel 11:34 Or hypocrisy
  46. Daniel 11:35 Or the instructors
  47. Daniel 11:35 Lit white
  48. Daniel 11:36 Or wondrous; lit extraordinary
  49. Daniel 11:37 Or God
  50. Daniel 11:38 Lit in his place
  51. Daniel 11:39 Lit the one who acknowledges
  52. Daniel 11:41 Israel
  53. Daniel 11:43 Lit footsteps
  54. Daniel 11:44 Lit devote to destruction
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