Exodus 18
King James Version
18 When Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses' father in law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, and that the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt;
2 Then Jethro, Moses' father in law, took Zipporah, Moses' wife, after he had sent her back,
3 And her two sons; of which the name of the one was Gershom; for he said, I have been an alien in a strange land:
4 And the name of the other was Eliezer; for the God of my father, said he, was mine help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh:
5 And Jethro, Moses' father in law, came with his sons and his wife unto Moses into the wilderness, where he encamped at the mount of God:
6 And he said unto Moses, I thy father in law Jethro am come unto thee, and thy wife, and her two sons with her.
7 And Moses went out to meet his father in law, and did obeisance, and kissed him; and they asked each other of their welfare; and they came into the tent.
8 And Moses told his father in law all that the Lord had done unto Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, and all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how the Lord delivered them.
9 And Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which the Lord had done to Israel, whom he had delivered out of the hand of the Egyptians.
10 And Jethro said, Blessed be the Lord, who hath delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pharaoh, who hath delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians.
11 Now I know that the Lord is greater than all gods: for in the thing wherein they dealt proudly he was above them.
12 And Jethro, Moses' father in law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God: and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father in law before God.
13 And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening.
14 And when Moses' father in law saw all that he did to the people, he said, What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand by thee from morning unto even?
15 And Moses said unto his father in law, Because the people come unto me to enquire of God:
16 When they have a matter, they come unto me; and I judge between one and another, and I do make them know the statutes of God, and his laws.
17 And Moses' father in law said unto him, The thing that thou doest is not good.
18 Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, and this people that is with thee: for this thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to perform it thyself alone.
19 Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God shall be with thee: Be thou for the people to God-ward, that thou mayest bring the causes unto God:
20 And thou shalt teach them ordinances and laws, and shalt shew them the way wherein they must walk, and the work that they must do.
21 Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens:
22 And let them judge the people at all seasons: and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge: so shall it be easier for thyself, and they shall bear the burden with thee.
23 If thou shalt do this thing, and God command thee so, then thou shalt be able to endure, and all this people shall also go to their place in peace.
24 So Moses hearkened to the voice of his father in law, and did all that he had said.
25 And Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.
26 And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves.
27 And Moses let his father in law depart; and he went his way into his own land.
Exodus 18
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
Chapter 18
Meeting with Jethro. 1 Now Moses’ father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian, heard of all that God had done for Moses and for his people Israel: how the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt. 2 So his father-in-law Jethro took along Zipporah, Moses’ wife—now this was after Moses had sent her back—[a] 3 and her two sons. One of these was named Gershom;(A) for he said, “I am a resident alien in a foreign land.” 4 The other was named Eliezer; for he said, “The God of my father is my help; he has rescued me from Pharaoh’s sword.” 5 Together with Moses’ wife and sons, then, his father-in-law Jethro came to him in the wilderness where he was encamped at the mountain of God,[b] 6 and he sent word to Moses, “I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you, along with your wife and her two sons.”
7 Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, bowed down, and then kissed him. Having greeted each other, they went into the tent. 8 Moses then told his father-in-law of all that the Lord had done to Pharaoh and the Egyptians for the sake of Israel, and of all the hardships that had beset them on their journey, and how the Lord had rescued them. 9 Jethro rejoiced over all the goodness that the Lord had shown Israel in rescuing them from the power of the Egyptians. 10 “Blessed be the Lord,” he said, “who has rescued you from the power of the Egyptians and of Pharaoh. 11 Now I know that the Lord is greater than all the gods; for he rescued the people from the power of the Egyptians when they treated them arrogantly.” 12 Then Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, brought a burnt offering[c] and sacrifices for God, and Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to share with Moses’ father-in-law in the meal before God.
Appointment of Minor Judges. 13 The next day Moses sat in judgment for the people, while they stood around him from morning until evening. 14 When Moses’ father-in-law saw all that he was doing for the people, he asked, “What is this business that you are conducting for the people? Why do you sit alone while all the people have to stand about you from morning till evening?” 15 Moses answered his father-in-law, “The people come to me to consult God. 16 Whenever they have a disagreement, they come to me to have me settle the matter between them and make known to them God’s statutes and instructions.”
17 “What you are doing is not wise,” Moses’ father-in-law replied. 18 “You will surely wear yourself out, both you and these people with you. The task is too heavy for you;(B) you cannot do it alone. 19 [d]Now, listen to me, and I will give you some advice, and may God be with you. Act as the people’s representative before God, and bring their disputes to God. 20 Enlighten them in regard to the statutes and instructions, showing them how they are to conduct themselves and what they are to do. 21 But you should also look among all the people for able and God-fearing men, trustworthy men who hate dishonest gain, and set them over the people as commanders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens.(C) 22 Let these render decisions for the people in all routine cases. Every important case they should refer to you, but every lesser case they can settle themselves. Lighten your burden by letting them bear it with you! 23 If you do this, and God so commands you,[e] you will be able to stand the strain, and all these people, too, will go home content.”
24 Moses listened to his father-in-law and did all that he had said. 25 He picked out able men from all Israel and put them in charge of the people as commanders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens. 26 They rendered decisions for the people in all routine cases. The more difficult cases they referred to Moses, but all the lesser cases they settled themselves. 27 Then Moses said farewell to his father-in-law, who went off to his own country.
Footnotes
- 18:2 Moses had sent her back: a later gloss which attempts to harmonize Zipporah’s presence with Jethro here in this story and the account of Moses’ return to Egypt with Zipporah in 4:20.
- 18:5 The allusion to meeting Moses encamped at the mountain of God, prior to the arrival of the Israelites at Sinai in chap. 19, might well suggest a different narrative context for this story from an earlier stage of the biblical tradition’s development. It is noteworthy that immediately after the Sinai pericope (Ex 19:1–Nm 10:28), recounting the theophany at Sinai and the giving of the law, the narrative of Israel’s march through the wilderness resumes with an apparent doublet of the visit by Moses’ father-in-law (Nm 10:29–32).
- 18:12 That a non-Israelite, such as Jethro, should bless Israel’s God by way of acknowledging what God had done for Israel (v. 10) is not entirely surprising; but the Midianite priest’s sacrifice to the God of Israel, including his presiding over a sacrificial meal with Aaron and the elders of Israel, is unusual, suggesting that he was himself already a worshiper of Yhwh, Israel’s God. Note further in this connection the role Jethro takes in the following narrative (vv. 13–27) in instituting a permanent judiciary for the Israelites. Burnt offering: a sacrifice wholly burnt up as an offering to God.
- 18:19–20 By emphasizing Moses’ mediatorial role for the people before God in regard to God’s statutes and instructions, this story about the institution of Israel’s judiciary prepares for Moses’ role in the upcoming revelation of the law at Sinai.
- 18:23 And God so commands you: i.e., and God approves.
2 Mose 18
Hoffnung für Alle
Jitro besucht Mose
18 Moses Schwiegervater Jitro, der Priester von Midian, hörte, dass Gott Mose und dem ganzen Volk Israel geholfen und sie aus Ägypten herausgeführt hatte. 2 Da machte er sich auf den Weg, gemeinsam mit Moses Frau Zippora, die Mose zu ihm zurückgesandt hatte, 3 und mit ihren beiden Söhnen. Der ältere trug den Namen Gerschom (»ein Fremder dort«), weil Mose bei seiner Geburt gesagt hatte: »Er soll Gerschom heißen, weil ich als Fremder in einem Land leben muss, das nicht meine Heimat ist.« 4 Der zweite Sohn hieß Eliëser (»Mein Gott ist Hilfe«), denn Mose hatte gesagt: »Der Gott meines Vaters ist meine Hilfe gewesen. Er hat mich vor dem Schwert des Pharaos gerettet.«
5 Nun kam Moses Familie zu ihm in die Wüste. Die Israeliten hatten dort in der Nähe vom Berg Gottes ihr Lager aufgeschlagen. 6 Jitro ließ Mose ausrichten: »Dein Schwiegervater Jitro ist zusammen mit deiner Frau und den beiden Söhnen angekommen.«
7 Da ging Mose seinem Schwiegervater entgegen, verneigte sich vor ihm und küsste ihn. Sie fragten einander nach ihrem Wohlergehen und gingen dann in Moses Zelt. 8 Mose erzählte Jitro, was der Herr mit dem Pharao und den Ägyptern getan hatte, um die Israeliten zu retten. Er verschwieg nicht die vielen Schwierigkeiten auf ihrer Reise, berichtete aber auch, wie der Herr ihnen immer wieder geholfen hatte.
9 Jitro freute sich sehr, dass der Herr den Israeliten so viel Gutes getan und sie aus Ägypten herausgeführt hatte. 10 Er rief: »Gelobt sei der Herr, der euch aus der Gewalt der Ägypter und ihres Königs gerettet hat! Ja, er hat dieses Volk aus der Sklaverei befreit! 11 Jetzt weiß ich: Der Herr ist größer als alle anderen Götter. Als die Ägypter sich besonders stark fühlten, hat er ihnen seine Macht gezeigt.« 12 Dann brachte Jitro ein Brand- und ein Schlachtopfer für Gott dar. Auch Aaron und die Sippenoberhäupter der Israeliten nahmen an der Opfermahlzeit teil, um Gott zu ehren.
Mose bekommt Hilfe (5. Mose 1,9‒17)
13 Am nächsten Tag setzte Mose sich hin, um Streitigkeiten zu schlichten und Recht zu sprechen. Die Leute drängten sich um ihn vom Morgen bis zum Abend. 14 Als Jitro sah, wie viel Mose zu tun hatte, sagte er: »Du hast so viel Arbeit mit den Leuten! Du sitzt den ganzen Tag da, um Streitfälle zu schlichten, und die Leute stehen um dich herum, vom Morgen bis zum Abend. Warum tust du das alles allein?«
15 Mose antwortete: »Die Leute kommen zu mir, um Weisung von Gott zu erhalten. 16 Wenn sie einen Rechtsstreit haben, fragen sie mich um Rat, und ich muss zwischen ihnen schlichten. Ich teile ihnen Gottes Weisungen und Entscheidungen mit.«
17 Sein Schwiegervater entgegnete: »So wie du es machst, ist es nicht gut! 18 Die Aufgabe ist für dich allein viel zu groß. Du reibst dich nur auf, und auch die Leute sind überfordert. 19 Hör zu! Ich gebe dir einen guten Rat, und Gott möge dir helfen: Du sollst das Volk vor Gott vertreten und ihre Streitfälle vor ihn bringen. 20 Schärf ihnen Gottes Gebote und Weisungen ein, sag ihnen, wie sie ihr Leben führen und was sie tun sollen! 21 Sieh dich aber zugleich in deinem Volk nach zuverlässigen Männern um. Sie müssen Ehrfurcht vor Gott haben, die Wahrheit lieben und unbestechlich sein. Übertrag ihnen die Verantwortung für jeweils tausend, hundert, fünfzig oder zehn Personen. 22 Sie sollen die alltäglichen kleineren Streitigkeiten schlichten. Zu dir sollen sie nur mit den größeren Fällen kommen. So helfen sie dir, die Verantwortung zu tragen, und du wirst entlastet.
23 Wenn mein Rat Gottes Willen entspricht und du dich daran hältst, wirst du deine Aufgabe bewältigen; die Leute können in Frieden nach Hause gehen, weil ihre Streitfälle geschlichtet sind.«
24 Mose nahm den Rat seines Schwiegervaters an und setzte ihn in die Tat um: 25 Er wählte unter den Israeliten zuverlässige Männer aus und übertrug ihnen die Verantwortung für jeweils tausend, hundert, fünfzig oder zehn Personen. 26 Von nun an konnten sie jederzeit Recht sprechen und die einfachen Streitigkeiten selbst schlichten. Nur mit den schwierigen Fällen kamen sie zu Mose.
27 Danach verabschiedete Mose seinen Schwiegervater, und Jitro kehrte wieder in seine Heimat zurück.
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